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lUB SV 4 ^^ m ^\ # w ty- ^ t seetn ' sirreverent to call it a " festival " —Eas been celebrated ' ativtunich . The two first plays performed were t ^ d& . classic j one ^ being the genuine Greek metal , forged , by So ^ hoqijes ; « ie >) t ^ er ; vtbhe ^ finest Gferman silver imitation manufactured by Sqhujc . er . yk&iffittk le ^ 'iBe ? wayi ' andHke Bride of Messina followed . ^ The British pU ^ oer sbme ^ eai-s since opened his eyes ( and month ) pretty widely at Aiittypnf , and' ) isijened in asfete of bewildered bliss to Chorus andSem ^ vkorm , M % &pUm ^ , lvdisirop % i 3 ^ ytl ^ t would ia * e h appened tohim if he had wit-^^ ej d'thepetfdrmattce of the Bride of Messina ? This play is too classical & ^ t ^ j ^ ilpcU ( ni 9 , ^ f . the chorus to sing : tney musi ; cjnly speak , and must ^ rwver rWise >* hei modern notion of a disorderly . mob , % all speaking at
~ dft& $ : i -W ithe ! l * recetit performance at Munich , twenty gentlemen---ten of * l » iaiin . , & , r 0 wa « U'esses , and ten , in red dresses—formed the ifchorus surrounding , ' ^ ttib ^ rfrkess Is&belta , ' * who , standing in the middle of them , « tfcer $ < jl , cV ^ felpry speech ^ s-r-as well sie might * jh such a situation—and was answered by the twenty mouths of the chorus all opening at once , all ^ e ^^^^ tte ^ alj ^ e' ^ bi ^ s . e ^ actl ^ ' ai the Same time , and all ending again right to a moiuent . The souid thus produced is describied , by ptirr French infornTd 6 if ,, ^ 5 l 3 fctpaa ! jg : I ^ AxranfiB , &p being Eke the roice' of ' a Colossus . Heaven deFen ' d ^ us n ? 6 m i& e colossal misfortune of ever hav in g , tc | heat it ! Islili Sttiiiixiq . 6 j . ijf ; \ d ibin ^ . v . , - ¦ ¦ =- ¦ '» f-.: ; ' j .. ¦ . ¦ • ... : ; ± .- < = . ,-.- . ; . . ¦ . v . . .,
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Victor ScHOKtCHEK . fdne- of the most desiervedly esteemed among the many honoured-sanies . xBJ , taftJer , <> w 4 ! e 4 ^ 8 9 * the Bonapartjst prQ $ criptipn , a man of unsullied [ purityof ^ fe * fets ^ tried services in -the cause of tuuversal ^ umaixlree ^ onr v ' whitei ahdBladk /;^ s up ' his voice atniclst the cKorus of ffiugual felicitations tthat resound from store to shore , to denounce and dejg | 8 r . e ^ . $ g ^ declamation , an alliance which he 4 e « ms fraught : with peril an < 3 humiliation to " the free country -whose flag he ^ h ^^ o ^ nd ;^ rende ^ thei lasttefiige iaEii ^ ppe , and to whose laws and insti-~ iluti 6 bVn ' e ^ pr ^ i ^ s ' ilLat . r € | s |( ectfal adbesion which a sense of hospitality aloaewottld dictatetea heart alive td gratitude and honour . We shall return to this publication next weel ;; for the jpurpose of an " explanation . "
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ciani ' - -v « - i' « : - " -TBALSBmBtaBS OU THE WATER CURE . LLada J ¦ : >;> f : jjJRr : 7 . ! ,- v . a ^ i ; - "¦ . " ' ¦ ' - " . is - .,- • . )« : > ¦ ; * > v-, ; r . . . . ¦ . . iBfo Wa ^ iCwe ttt ., ^ JSacposjtion of ' the Question of their at m iiGmabilU ^ . MoByji John Balbirnie , JVLA ., M . D . . / . . ¦ ¦ .... . ; Longman and Co . John ! Mh ^ , ip j -Jhis " Logic , " tells the story of some remarkable man , whose ^ H ^^ ' < 4 . ^^ yfappwn ^ d c 61 pn ^ iiuclge . was , " Grive judgmeht , but never j ^^^ o » 4 TO 93 ona 4 j . ; the 7 j : ud ^ aipnfr will , froni ' . you . r ^ atviral sagacity , be often right— -the reasons you allege , will mostly be wrong . " Very much this sentimentiisit ^ e ono / we , hold with reference to , the Watep . Cure . As an empirical flaetboAi . ofbteeatPQent we hjjWe : some faifch in Hydropathy ; hut when the hydropathistsi begin to give their > " reasons , "¦< they usually shake our faith . ^ Sei ^ praclasei is better 'than their scien « e . When they reason upon physiological jppints , they , always assume that the current doctrines of the day are inaiSDUtabte ''' Established truths of science : whereas a little examination
. ( wpuld shp ^ them \ wai ° / 'i ^ r' \ 'i ; He ' m 6 st ' 'part y they are reasoning upon datai wmcii c'Sil ^ cinty'be ^ c ' ce '|>^ ejl , provis . ionairy . . - - . ,. (' u ** Ehe remark just made is intended to be general . yVe apply it also to the sp *^ aia ^ icase befo rja . us / A Dr . JBalbirnio lia s writ ten a very elabprate , a , very ' rtble ; arid i ! n '' V * rycinteresting book on the Water ¦ Cure in Conmmption and Scrofula—a book which thp public may read with profit and the profession ^ M ^^ Ji xiiPfl * $ ffi& $ 8 $$$ * : * , pr 9 pb # ipn i ^ the . theoretical portions which is not op . en ;; t . p . ^ riticrjS | i « and mojiy pf , them wi ^ l be uneqwvpcally rejected . He makes a great claim -for the recognition of a , theory of tuberdttfaf dfeelftsa-1-and 1 it is evid «« t that he-has bestowed great labour oa this
Wtfeo ^ f ^ but ' according'to stricfc scientific criticism , it is . not a theory at all , Wfkfr ^ f ^^ M ^^ ^ S ^^ S-WWcJ ^ of labour in the a ^ iBSeiiQWPf [ ft « Stajin . da ) ta on yrhwh ^ . xests ., „ ; , ' , " Much ingenious research haabfeoaaporitin trying'to fidd tubercle , quoad luborcle , in thtftolooii ^ unu waok ; i vrqndor oxpiesscd . at ita-non-dotcc tion there . How gratuitous this stoaieh jmd tTU »!) w 6 ndennont a » B-jVfHi- ' iiiovr > be apparent , la vain will chemical test or lihiorofecopic lons'bexbronglit to rowciil in-1 ho . blood that which is only tho product of subhe < f « iht ctrattsfotmationa ^ ifVer it hns 'loft the vc sBobi . Only themateries tuierouli exists in the blood—the vitiated oleo-albuminoua element , and tho coll-organiSmci ^ f lowly-endowed $ ^ W ;>^! . fl # ^^ r <^ . , . , ( The italics , as in all our extracts , are the author's ownJ ) „ i In , trying to nacevtain nvljatis ) tho real cause of tubercle , Dr . Ealbirnio , after un
interesting fiwvey ' of ¦ "the'various theories ofFored' bV : his predecessors , lays , down WHese tiWM (^ - : ii ^ . *• " *•• -. » •¦ ' •¦>• •¦ ¦ ' " (¦ - ! - - ¦ - ¦ ¦ -..., ,.,, . , / . . .., , . ^^ AoM »^ ; % » l 9 ; X ) motwnpd btjcon ^ tanl ; »« pp )» pa of food , forthft purposes pfgrowth and £ aP ) W ) q ^ pttKioEiiite Wastoyand . ujriproportionM Bwpplieaof pxygpn ( ov . rof } pif (\ tory or dopuniims par ^ M (\ i »«« . ta 8 Mth « . meftnijfut \ coraWpinffwUu , andc ^ rryT » g owb ot , tl ) o economy , tho itwwnaqwMftiniwdivtai / oft-dflcqniporftion vu , 0 / Mfi two , the < lepnra ( ins /^ proae s « it much the tinmPirWent tqieQ Ufa ,, A « corw » gly , thwo I ^ only one apparams , ov w » Nn > appointed for tho ?« M > orattor ] m th&ico ^ thni njafiy » nA l « jrge w , fcJ » e orgons appropriated to ti >© excretion of /< Wl » v « fporflaJi ! fM » sti ) . 1 Thoiilunga ^ lw or ^ antt ulfin « ro sot ap « rt tor . thq ojjfniaation of thopffoto iRriflWpeKfltt ^ uujjiwbon . Tho . jkWft ^ ya aretho grand . owtH of tUft . nUjrogPwws mnttors » nd earthy and saline materials . JEvory other function may bo auapended for a , considerable jl WWJ ^ iiMjaptiilnvpkJngilif ^ Wo 0 « n Jive , for wjeks without food , or with tlio Ijyor ' l ' ockod ( Mft { ( Afl 4 WTfl ^ Waya wifcU tho fft ^ ctipn of , * l «> i | jidnpy / j s ») y > cnd » d ; . bnt > yp , oai ) , livo only two
( WrjWPfl-wwvfl mm . w * $ K \ n , w » t »<\ qvqr ,. i » na onv a vp » y < qw , trnn « M > a wiWvr « apir « tion apft-OTn 4 W v iWfl 5 fl , ^ ^« , « Jfl 9 r » thHtit ^ p , u » tflgritj , of tho , oluninatinc fwnotiona \ a the iirat want « F ;* fl «> nftl / Wei Itbq . indjopenaabKwnditi . on of aownd liealjth . From tho awno faota , n » well aa from the immense extent and influence of tho lungs and # kjn , it is manifest that tho i ^ ftSl& ^ iWu ^ r A ^"" ' ^ ^ " " y Wl « P « , t Ifoso organs . . ' ¦» t 3 H ) od » bW 4-makTn ^ d 6 pon ( lfl nwro on tlio niotivo condition of tho excreting ftinctiono thnn on tho nbatrnctly nutritive qunlitiea of tho food , Tho . 10 who feed bent , in tho popular 4 cceptaUoh ' Ofitilin t « itn , aro not noariohed IjobI . An inferior ulimont will bo turned tagood « JCQ » nfcr-tai » ywngettial aubstunco it containa will bo strained oflvr-vprovidoil tho air broubhod A ^ a < tbc , exiuroIa 0 t alpwi by Uid individual be auoh iwitokoep up a highly nqtiv « atate of tho ¦ 1 ¦ ¦ . '
eliminatory outlets of fhe bod y , especially of the lungs and skin . On the contrary , the richer the diet and the less the elimination of the corporeal waste , the inoraare artificial causes of disease added-to natural ones —* -retained , excretions being the most potent source of disease . " ¦• ¦ ' - ' - ¦ . Tery spund doctrine this . Dr . Balbirnie adds : — " Lactic Acri > is one of the products of the decomposition of the tissues , and finds its chief outlet by the , skin . When . the cutaneous function is impaived-r-and this impairment , we contend , is ait integral part of Scrqfula-r-ih 6 ' elimination of the kctic acid is attempted by other outlets , chiefly by the bowels . Hence the prevailing acidity o £ the intestinal canal iri Scrofula and . Phthisis , remarked b y all who have investigated t . hejpoint . Hence the partial and temporary benefit of alkaline remedies in fliese diseases . This acidity of the primce vice , and the derangements of the alimentary canal associated with it , are most common in infants and children . Hence their greater tendency to manifest tqe mesenteric forms of Scrofula . " .. ,
Here is the primary cause of consumption according to Dr . Balbirnie : — 41 Imperfect BLOOD-rurincATioN—deficient tlay of the excIietory ^ -ukctflONd , AND NOT DIRECTIiY BAI > DIGKBriOK OK PAO 1 XY BLOOD-JUKING--I 3 TriBPRI-» tARY SOUR 0 B QF THE VITIATION OOF THE SOLIDS AMD EIU 1 DS CHAOBACTBKISTaC . OF SCBOFULA , ASI > cqNSUMPTION . " The theory may now be presented : — / " The oil and albnmen of the food with the inorganic elements they hold in solution , acted on mechanically , chemically , and vitally in fine bod ^ y constitute the material from which the Wood is formed- The presence of these elements m proper proportions , and unimpaired in their atomic constituents , is absolutely necessary to maintain the vital properties of the Mood . A drop of chyle , taken from an animal a few hours after a meat , contains : —1 st . A molecular basis of inconceivably mifttrte particks . ' Sndlr , Tiumeroua corpuscles indifferent states of develoT > ement info Mood-glbbules . ' -l ^ iis molecular basis consists principally of fat , coated with albumen . These two important principles constitute the essential nutrient
elements of the-ohyme : emulsioned'into the minutest particles , they pass through the intestinal villi , and into the lacteals in the form of the nu'lk y fluid called chyle . ' * When the indispensable supply « f oxygen for combining with and abstracting the perpetualwaste of the l > ody fail * by its legitimate sources—the lungs and skin ^ -the only alternative left for nature is to convert certain of the tlemmts of nutrition into elements of depuration ; - —the latter ' ' .-being by far the more pressing demand of the economy . The ; food , therefore ; no 1 sooner begins to' Be dissolved in the stomach , and its elements Bet free , than a portion of the -oxygen of the oil , and the albumen is abstracted to stipply the lack of that which should have been introduced by the longsj thereby vitiating the constitution of these nutrient princijles , and effectually disabling them for perfect'nutrition , precisely to the extent to ¦ Wnich the robbery . of their oxygen has taken place . ' . ' ¦¦ " The oil and albumen abb degxypated ^—hv other words , made to yield u-p a certain amount of their oxygen . Hence it comes to pass , that that which was previously oil aad albumen is . now neitner the one nor the other , but a tertium qixid—' a . deteriorated snbstance unfit for sound nutrition . With regard to tho albumen of tubercular blood it is , by
aniversal consent of chemists - and pathologists , admitted to lie of degraded quality ; but what the precise change that has passed upon it is , chemistry has not yet clearly taught Us . That change we announce . Jt is deoxyoateo AtBUMEfi . It . has-given up a portion of its oxygen for depurating purposes . The defect in the constitution of the albnmen is shown by this , that when it should Jibrillate , or develope into the characters of healthy fibrine , it assumes instead a granular amorphous form . But we are not left in the same uncertainty a 3 to the result : to the oily principle of the loss of a portion of its oxygen . Chemistry even defines and gives a name to this deoxydatcd oil . It is cholesterine—a form utterly unfit for nutrition . lit abounds , as we should expect , in tubercle . The liver is the appointed organ for eliminating the excess of fatty matters in the system . Cholesterine is a constituent of bile . When in excess in the economy , of course we have fatty liver—the peculiar lesion of consumptive patients . ' " Of these deoxydated materials , the tubercular body is obliged to make the most as the foundation of its blood-globules . Need wo wonder then that such blood-globules should be of lowly endowed vital properties , and that in , proportion as the system is compelled to use this faulty material , there should be a progressive deterioration of the whole solids and fluids of the body—to an extent in the long run utterly incompatible with the functions of life . "
We have no space to combat this theory , and must be content -with its enunciation . The follcfwipg , extract , alone would afford / text for columns of comment : — " ' , . ; "No truth is more certain than this , viz ., that the oxygen of the food is converted INTO AN , EtEMENX OK BESriBATIQl ^ OB OB" 1 JDEEUBATION , WH K 2 JEVER SVFFIieiENT 9 XY EN F . OJt THK PURPOSE IS NOT I'OKTHCQMING , ^ Y THE INLET OF THE MJNOS , OR 8 UFPICliENT CARBON NOTJELtMINATED iiY Tlik OV'tl lUT OF THE SJCIN . Here is a 71010 fdctdr ' of the cti * ease , we _ introduce to Ike notice : of the profession— -prie destined to creato a greiat revolution in practice , and to influence the destinios of thouBanda of unbbrn generations' Science will onl y every day con firm thia truth .., Peobcydatioit , or deficient oxydation of tho wasto of the body , will be found to lie at tho foundation of most diseases—an evil aggravated by the attempts of tlib system to ^ pmponaatc this Refect by abstracting oxygen from the food . " • ¦ -. « p
Now here is a proposition ushered in with , the , announcement that " no truth is more certain , " every spnteo . ee of wiliich is , hypothetical . But happily for consumptive ; patients , | he treatment adopted by Dry Balr birnie ^ isnot dependent on the coriQctness of his theory , of tubercle ; npr is Hie value of this bpok to bo measured , by the ponfidewce accorded to t ) tact theory ., | Io trcatg patjents on water-cure . prmciples , ^ ut -wit ^ ou , t quackery and withoift bigotry ,, aa may bo gathered froiia the . folloAvjirig candi . 4 , admission : —• . ¦ 1 . " Enlarged cxporionceipnoves that the -water-cure is far from justifying tho exclusive pretensions sot up for it by its early writers and practitioners . Wo aro wilfing to confass error for oijr own purt ; to admit tliat , in thq yvarmth of ouf wq \ in a cooil cause , in | h « day in < jacstion , wo may have exaggerated tlio extent of its action and applicability . It is found to do , ' in effect , anything but a cure for rill diseases ; nrtil' it is ' very far frdm curing even all curable diseased . It is a very great way off from the infallibility , the nrocision , and the
power jfarst clwimod for it . Whether , abstractly considered , bygionw agencies alono comprise all tho needed modifiers of tho organism which tho exigencies of dlseuso demand , ia still an openqueation . And if it were , depidpd in U » o aflir / ntttiye , who ia tlio practitionor that daro lay claim to tho energy , tlie gpniuft , and tlio ubiquity requisite always to work thla simple agency with tho best effect ' *' ( JJefacto ? wo find It iiYiposNiblo , in tho present st « to of-knowledge nnd of society , altogether , and in Jill caaoa , todlspenno with tho aid of drugs in tho trontinent of disonso , nnlees at t ; ho oxpnneo of groat and gratuitoua pufToring to tlio patient , and tho deferring of convalortconco often for wceko , In a commorcial country liko oura , to sain time ia an element of paramount considorntion with crowds of patients . That tho profession thomsolvos n « lmit W 10 orying abliao of drugs is quite 'enough ; but therefore to dononnco nnd rcnounco their use ia madness in the extreme . This point also wo concede , viz . —tlint tho ditmdrttntages of town practice make thorn to bo much more resorted to than ia found nocosHnry in patients plopod undor tlio favourablo hygienic oiroumuUnces of nuoh n honltli-iuHort aa Mnlvorn . "
The worlc throughout exhibita tho oandour , no less than tho ability , of a philosophic physician , biassed , of <; ourso , in fjivour of his own princi ples , but rondy enough to admit where they may fail to carry him . Ho describes with graphic power the structural changes wliioh ocour in consumption . aud hero he nlights upon » very important considoration : 'Tho Writer believoa tliat hq ia the firat , at least in thia country , strongly to insist on inJlummatoTy arJlbrfnouaeicuckttiona around tubercular daposito and the linings of cavities « a nature a grand inodo of spontaneous nrroat of tlio diaoiwo . Ucnoo chalky concrotiona—
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%%% WM < E ^ I IB A & M R . t * ' { SAmjm&T > ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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"" ''"" ' X&Qffl ^ oJlfrflatuti <] f tht Alliance wiclk jhv Men ftf tfta daun ifJStaL By Victor ocnoelchor , KoprciwntatiTo of tUo Tcoplo . London 1 TrUbnor and Co . Id 5 ' i .
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Leader (1850-1860), July 22, 1854, page 688, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2048/page/16/
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