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and "was driven to Iiord Palmerston's ( his mother s ) house in Carlton Gardens . There fatal symptoms made their appearance ; and notwithstanding the resources of a host of the great doctors the young nobleman died in a few hours . He died , however , surrounded by his relatives . The cholera is prevalent more or less in all the large towns of England and Ireland ; but there is no getting any statistics . It is worse in Belfast than in any other town , London excepted . On the Continent it is everywhere . In Paris it is decreasing . At Naples it killed 3317 in six days . " The merchants have all absented themselves from the exchange . "
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The following circular has been issued from the nQvr Board of Health : — " General Board of Health , Whitehall , August 12 , 1854 . '" Sir , —I am directed by the General Board of Health to inform you that it is the anxious desire of the Board to cooperate with the metropolitan boards of guardians in preventing and mitigating , as far as possible , the visitation « f epidemic cholera , which has already made its appearance in many districts of the metropolis ; and while the Board would deprecate any diminution of local responsibility or interference with local efforts , it is possible that their assistance and advice may be acceptable to boards of guardians , arid they are prepared , therefore , to direct one of the board ' s
medical officers , in company -with an inspector from the Poor-law Board , to attend and confer with the guardians as to the preventive measures already taken or to be taken , ' and the arrangements for dispensary accommodation and the treatment of the sick , in accordance with the recommendation in the minute on preventive measures already sent , I am therefore to request that you will convene a special meeting of the guardians , for the purpose of ascertaining whether they are desirous of receiving the assistance and advice of this board in the manner above indicated , and that you will communicate to me the wishes of the guardians in this respect . ( Signed ) " T . Tatlok , Sec "
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MR . EDWIN CHAD WICK . ( From the Glasgow Commonwealth . ') As long ago as 1828 , when yet a very young man , studying for the English bar , he revealed his constitutional bent towards statistical speculation , and the business of administrative reform by various papers of an important and suggestive character . . In a paper on Benejit Societies he was one of the first to point out tlve injustice to the public done by the insurance offices at that time , in consequence of their adherence to the antiquated Northampton Tables ; and in a paper on Preventive Police , published almost simultaneously with the passing of Sir Robert Peel's new Police Act , he exposed in a thorough manner
the defects of the old police system , and expounded , perhaps better than had ever been done before , the great principle of prevention as applicable to crinie —the principle , namely , of dealing with crime , not simply by checking it in the act , but-by going back to its preventable antecedents . These and other papers had the effect of making Mr . Chadwick known to some men of public eminence at that time , among ¦ whom were the famous Jeremy Benthani and the distinguished political economist , Mr , N . Senior . His acquaintance with Bentham ripened into a friendship . It was not as a mere expounder of Benthanism , however , that Mr . Chadwick came before the public- On the appointment ,
la 1832 , of the Commission of Inquiry into the . operation of the existing Poor Laws in England and Wales , ho was appointed one of the assistant-commissioners . The district assigned to him as the field of his inquiries was London and . Berkshire ; and so valuable was his report—so large a proportion did this one report contain of the whole mass of information acquired by the commission , as well as of the practical suggestions offered along ¦ with that information—that the honours of the inquiry were felt to belong to Mr . Chadwick . While the inquiry was still going on , he was made a cliicf commissioner ; and the famous Poor-law Amendment Act , which resulted from the inquiry in 1834 , was little else than an embodiment of Mr . Chadwick ' s recommendations . Whether one approves of that act or not , one must acknowledge the public
importance ot a man whoso prodigious activity enabled him thus , at the age of little more than thirty , to stamp his individuality on one of the moat extensive legislative enactments of his timo and country . While the ace was still ponding , Mr . Chadwick , as ono of the royal commissioners for inquiring into the treatment of children in factories , had curried his energies "with similar effect into another department of investigation . From 1834 to 1847 , Mr . Chadwick waa Attached to the first Now Poor-law Commission in the capacity of paid secretary . It was while in this situation that , led by his genius for excursive enquiry to impose upon himself other duties titan those required by the more routine of oflice , he ononod up raany pf those trucks of important practical investigation in which both ho and the public have aineo gone forward with such interest . * «*»« & « Of ull tho prevmtiblo ouueeB of pauperism , the most
gigantic , as Mr . Chadwick found , was disease preventible by sanitary regulation . Grappling- with this subject with all his strength—starting with the notion that disease was preventible to a much larger extent than had been supposed , and pushing this notion out into its details—he published , in 1842 , his " Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain , " a work which may be said to have initiated the great sanitary movement which for some ten years has been increasingly occupying the attention of this country . This was followed by a " Report on the practice of interment in towns , " and by fresh reports on the sanitary question .
Having thus made the sanitary question his own , it was natural that , on the appointment of the Board of Health in 1848 , Mr . Chadwick should be placed at the head of it . His connexion , with the Poor Law Board had ceased in the previous yeat , when , in consequence of a crisis in the management of that Board , occasioned , it was believed , chiefly by differences between Mr . Chadwick , as secretary , arid some of the commissioners , as to the mode of administering the law—the Board was broken up and reconstituted under a new form . Since 1848 , accordingly , Mr . Chadwick has virtually been minister of public health for England and Wales .
Frorn this brief survey of Mr . Chadwick's public life , it vrill be evident that his withdrawal from the public service is really an important event . Altogether , it seems to us that we must be in a bad way when we cannot contrive to place a man of such singular ^ such almost unique powers and aims as Mr . Chadwick , in a position where , even were his faults as great as his worst enemies represent them , they would be sufficiently counterpoised by the checks and circumstantials of the position itself , and at the same time all his splendid positive qualifications utilised for the public
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TESTIMONIAL TO MB , HUME !!! BY \ H OLB REFORMER . . ( From the-Leicestershire Jbfereury , August \ 2 t \ ij 1854 . ) What a strange , q ^ ueer , fanciful , comical , eccentric jade is dame Fortune ! And- what an odd people we are , and in what odd times we live ! Well , so it is . But amidst all our perils , trials , and taxes , we have still plenty of food for amusement left to us , and have not only lots of the ridiculous to laugh at , but , thank heaven ! have still strength and health to enjoy the laugh with a most hearty gusto . But to our point . Our readers have probably heard of Mr . Joseph Hume . He is now seventy-seven years of age , and has been in the House of Commons , with very short
intervals , for the space of forty-three years , and , trom first to last , he has been an honest , upright , consistent , and unflinching Reformer . He took up the cause to which he has ever adhered at a time when a Parliamentary Reformer had no bed of roses to rest upon in the House of Commons . For many a long and weary year he had to encounter obloquy and scorn , to face the frowns of a powerful ministry and an overwhelming party . But still , " like the thundercloud streaming ag-ainst the wind , " he struggled on , and would neither be terrified nor silenced by the audacity and insolence of faction . At times it might be said of him , " Faithful found ,
Among the fuithless , faithful only he . " But still he persevered in spite of every storm and hurricane , and fought on for a cause which seemed hopeless , only that the seeds of hope were preserved by his perseverance . At length " a change comes o'er the spirit of our dream . " The " stranded" whale of Toryism went ashore , and was broken up . lieform triumphed . Then Mr . Hume had his reward To be sure ho had , as far as virtue is its own reward . The Whigs used him as the I ' ox in the fable used the goat when , climbing on , its shoulders , it leaped out of the well , leaving its friend still at the bottom . No Mr . Hume was in the first Liberal Ministry of which he had been bo long the pioneer and forlorn hope . No Mr . Hume has been in any Liberal Ministry since . We never hoard that placo was ofFored to
him in any form or shape . Bufc at last a sudden thought comes on the long oblivious party and its leaders . Mr . Hume is thought of , and is to bo presented with his Picture . And by the ghost oi Joe Miller and Tom Mood and everybody facetious and funny since the deluge and before it , Lord John Russell had faco enough to play tho part of High Priest in the revelries of Moinua and Comus hold on this occasion . And what did he say in his address to Mtb . Humo ? OI many flattering and pleasant things . Wo were excessively tickled with tl » o grand finale of his oration . It took the breath out of us , and almost throw us into an apoplexy of Inuglitcr . Lord John , bo it rccollectod , Iiub boon for many yours enjoying tho sweets of oflloo won for him by Mr . HunWa exertions . Ho has boon Prornior and wo
know not what bueidca , and proaoutly , wl » ou paut work , will lmvo a comfortable joonsion to retire upon . And yet , with tlio knowlodgy of all this , lie could , witli tlie calm courngo or ottVontery ascribed to him by tlieWUig fciidnety fcSmith , thuw snouk on
Monday" Mr . Hume has laboured long , with perseverance , witb courage , with energy , to change this state of our laws and of our Legislasture . More especially in the cause of economy and retrenchment his untiring efforts have been conspicuous and successful . The voice of the people has encouraged his efforts , and a spotless reputation is a part of his reward . The consciousness that he has served his country as an honest and disinterested patriot will , we all trust , brighten his remaining course , ami after tlie . heat of the day give calmness and serenity to the evening of his honourable life . " —This was either a bad joke or worse seriousness . We have seen many things opposed to the fitness of things in our day and time , and this is not the least of them . We have seen Lord Aberdeen Prime
Minister , one Lord Auckland Governor-General of India , and another made Bishop of Bath and Wells ; we have seen that eminent trifler and fiddler , Lord Westmoreland , Ambassador at Vienna , and Mr . Lawley pitched upon to work out the destinies of Australia , and a variety of other escapades as startling and extraordinary . Horace Powys , the Tractarian brother of Lord Lilford , has just been made Bishop of Sodor and Mann , and Gerald W "
ellesley placed at the head of the apostolical dandy Clmpter of Windsor . What had the Whigs then left to testify their gratitude for the veteran champion and parliamentary father of Reform ? They had kept the substance for themselves , but they could give him the shadow . They liad divided the fuel and the fire and all its warmth among their own families and friends , but they could honour him with the smoke . And so they did . They presented him with his Picture .
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MISCELLANEOUS . Scarcity of Troops foe Home : Service .- —Yesterday morning , in obedience to orders issued from the Horse Guar'ds , the East Essex Rifle Regiment of Militia , which corps has done garrison duty in the Tower , since tlie departure of the 19 th Regiment of Foot for the East , marched from that fortress , under the command of Major Skippey , and preceded by the excellent brass band of the regiment , to the terminus of the South-eastern Railway ^ from whence they were conveyed by special train to Canterbury , to velieve the 18 th ( Royal Irish ) Regiment of Foot , which has been ordered to Windsor , to replace the 46 th Foot , ordered to join tlie expeditionary army in Turkey . On Monday evening , detachments of the depot companies of the 28 th , 38 th , 77 th , 93 rd ( Highlanders ) , and 95 th Regiments of Foot , numbering 50 rank and file , marched into the Tower froin tlie Magazine Barracks , Hyde I ' ark , and relieved the several
guards furnished by the Essex Rifles , and yesterday afterrio 6 n , the depot companies of the 23 rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers , mustering 60 rank and file , arrived from Winchester to augment the garrison , thus making only a total of 110 bayonets where at least 4 O . 0 are required , the main ' guard alone taking 42 men , besides non-commissioned officers . To remedy this paucity in the numerical strength of tho military , a number of sentries on the Royal Mint guard and tlie main guard had to be dispensed with , and 100 extra constables of the Metropolitan Police are doing duty in the interior of tho Tower , at tlie ordnance stores , jewel-room , armoury , &c . The guard Cor the British Museum , which lias hitherto been found by the tine regiment quartered in the Tower , will , until further orders , be supplied by the Household Troops , but it is expected that the military guard over that public building is to bo discontinued , and that the duties will be performed by police constables . — Morning Advertiser .
The annual general meeting of the " Eagle Insurance Company , ' ! was held at Hadley ' s Hotel , liluckfriars , this week . It appeared that tho premiums on Assurances effected during the year amounted to d , bii 5 l . 11 s . Gd . The gross receipts for tno year wore 130 , 00 . 57 .. and tho whole payments 111 , 718 / . The total surplus , lifter making allowance for every eluim , is 14 j , 287 / , Tlie annual average of these several items since tlie valuation and division oi surplus in ltti > 2 is—now premiums , 8 , 95 ( J / . ; claims , 70 , 800 / . ; expenses , , ) , i ) l 5 l £ ; surplus , 31 , 730 / . At tho last lneoting the balance of tho surplus fund was stated to bu 15 ) 8 , 2 HI . 18 m . 3 d . This is now increusad to 21 G , < 1 « J 8 / . 193 . Cd .,
which amount is subject , of course , to such ohanges us iriuy lie found to arise when a rc-valuatiou of tho com puny ';; aissota and liabilities uhall bo made . Tho chairman ( li . A . <* my ) , in moving tho adoption of tho report , expressed i » Relict that there would be an additional income next yenv ot lu , 000 / . Tlio proprietors were uwwo that recently tho . su persons who were connected with tho foat-oflico . oaUblishinonfc had had inducements held out to them to ofl ' ect insurances on their lives ; mid it was gratifying to state that tho " Kaglo" w . 'is one of the companies which hud boon selected by tlio Postmuatcr-Gonerul and tho Lordri of iho Treasury , —a good proof of tho estimation in which tho society wua held .
Tins Si * ricALKiisM >' s Difficulty . — Iho hnnd-loom velvet-weavers—demanding an hicrouue of individual ivngefi from 12 s . to lJJa . Cd . pur week—aro still " out ;"—the cm * I'loyera atill declining to come into thuir tonna . aIiuctinca of LAOK-MAKicita . —Last evening ii second meeting of the lacc-miikcra waa hold nt tho Olub-liouse , in New-otreot , Covont garden , Mr . Montgomery in tho oluiir . It will bo recollected Hint , at Iho lnut mooting , resolutions wortt iuiauinit ) unly adopted condemning tho proposed chtm ^ o in military uniform , oit tho ground that it would duprivo of oinployinont n vu « t number of portions , including many I ' uuuiloH , and that it would ahnout entirely annihilate tho liu'o Irtidu . From statemcnto inuulo by Mr . JD'l ! lluho Mr . Bias , and others , it appoarud that since tho liutt meeting a ropl y hud boon roeolvod to a potitiou mUlrontfod to tho 1 ' riricJ Ooiwort . Tho letter watt dated from ( , ho Itoynl yacht , mid wua written by ( Jol . i'hippa , It merely referred tho ixitl-
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776 THE LEADER r ™ RDAY ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 19, 1854, page 776, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2052/page/8/
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