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neglected the experience of France during eighteen years * -the traditions of- that imperial , system which be personifies . It -was ea 9 j ? for the most superficial political observer to foresee thai " France would ! find , an active and zealous ally in England against Russia . The question of the Hoi-y Pjlaces furnished the occasion . In all the labyrinth of recriminations on this question between France and Russia , one phase ' of the-religious vicissitudes of the East has been completely lost sight- o £ Birgland has always affected an ineredurlous sneer at the faitb imkeGf ! tli 8 l < atia and the Gveek Chureh , treating ; both as . Pagan superstitions * and seeldng to make capital out of both impartially- She had studied the ground -well enough to know that in the East , the classic soil of faith , of rer velatiouj of dogma , of heresy ,, of religious conquest , of persecution , the ¦ whole political life of the populations is saturated with- religion- Hemee ,
intricrues to establish , a centre of Protestant influence in the East : the intrigues to establish a centre of Protestant influence m the Jiast : the purely religious zeal of the . Bible Societies ( even of those of the United States of America ) supplied a ready foeus of political operations . For fifteen years the Protestant element had been seeking to undermine , th 0 Greek , Armenian , and Latin Churches- in Asia Minor and in Syria by schools and missionaries . In 1840 an Anglican bishopric-was established at Jeruefilem , where there was Hot a single Protestant inhabitant to be found . The Jews were to be converted on the very spot where Jews meet to weep over the . destruction of Me Temple , and to attest the fulfilment of the Prophecies , The
King of Prussia contributed to this holy zeal : and tie first Anglican bisHop was a converted Israelite . lt Pagan * " were mentioned in tfee programme of the bishop ; Christians were not talked of- But he was recommended to be on terms of apostolical fraternity with tlie pastors of the Gieek Church . But tLe Greek Church stood aloof irom the Protestant bishop . In 1843 the religious meetings ,-in OLondbn talked of the necessity of'Christianising the JEasHein Christians , ! as if they -were absolute " pagans . "' The successor to Bisliop Alexander , Bishop Gobat , contracted' express engagements to- that « fi % ct m' 44 ^ 45 . '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦^ " ¦¦¦ : ' ' < ' ^ ' '" .: : [ ,-y - ' .. ; ¦ ¦ . : ^ : ¦ ¦ - - ¦ ' ; . " ..
All this -was . ? nothing niore than a consecration of the intrigues of ' matiy jears in Asia Minor , Armenia , Mesopotamia , Syria , and Palestiiie , where every church had been attacked in turn witb bribes father than with doctrines , sowing discord' in . the coniTttrines and in families , among primitive populations 5 naccessu ) le to nejtf dogmas . One result , however ^ of all this religious activity of England subsists in the creation , of a Protestant Patriarchate at Oonstantinopley invested by the Porte with the same prerogatives as the Greek and Armenian ^ Patriarchs , for the evident purpose of discrediting those prelates of the national churches . This patriarchate has served England as a pretext for continual interference in the internal administration of Turkey , 'After , fourteen years apostolical labour and the absorption of some 40 , 0007 . ; sterling , the Jews converted to Christianity and supporiteclby the Mission at Jerusalem , number tJiit'ty-iico individuals . In Egypt , " where the work of conversion liad to encounter the dogmatic obstinacy of the Copts , the Tankee Missionaries , with the- commercial sagacity , of their
race , bought jot the bazaar a few little Abyssinian or negro slaves , Moussa , Jlbdalla \ Mferdjaii , baptised ' 'them , and sprinkled them with Christian names , to figure in their reports to the" Society" at home tliat furnishes the funds . Throughout theOttomari Empire this propagande was armed with the prestige of European inviolability , while the JJaiawas denied all rights , and the churches groaned under persecutions . As for the Mussulmans , we defy the whole legion of Missionaries to cite One conversion among the disciples of Mahomet , who have only learned to despise the religion in . whose name-such turpitudes-are committed . It was at the expense of the Eastern churches that the war between the Protestant sects aud the Roman missions was waged . The Roman Church began by defending herself against the Protestant assailants , and then , warm
with fighting , turned her blows against her ancient ' rival , sharpened by trials and strengthened by persecutions . It is to the Protestant intrigues that this recrudescence of the Catholic propaganda since 1840 is to be attributed . The creation of the new Latin Patriarchate at Jerusalem , in ? ( the year of illusions at Rome ) , was a distinct avowal before Eui'ope of the Papal project to realise the ambitious dream of the Council of 1 lorence , and to compel the submission of the national and independent Greek Church to the Chair of St . Poter . Contrary to the ancient Catholic dogma , -which recognised the hier archy of the orthodox Greek Church , Pius IX . made no allusion to the Greek clergy in his address to the populations of the East . Hence , exasperation of the traditional a ivalry of the Greek and Latin ^ 'Nl V ___ . 3 1 i _!__ _ _ _ _ i _ /*• . * . !__ TT _ T ^_ . _ __! _ 1 _?_ V 1 . ^ — -1 \ udu irenco uic oi duo j XiAces wuiuii iuis
juurcuca ; qimsuon xxox < x survuu . as the pivot of England's policy between Franco and Russia , although to her the Moly Places are a sneer . And yet it is in the East that , the necessity of restraining the systematic invasions of England , the identity of political interests , and even the emulation of religious feelings superior to the quarrels of a few monies , should have ¦ c emented more closely the alliance ojf Fkajsce yrvtn RusstA . We believe in that alliance ; soon or late the policy of expediency always inakes -way for the policy of the permanent interests of states and the traditions and feelings of nations . It is universally confessed in Franco that the Russian campaign of 18 . 12 was a mistake , expiated by terrible calamities . And thus we find , Russia , still bleeding from the war , after the burning of lior cities and the profanation of her sanctuaries , become , in 1814 ana in 1815 , even at the risk of offending her allies , ( especially her ally of the moment [ son alKe ' e de circomtance alors" ] who is her porpotual rival ) tho most zealous cham pion of the interests of Franco .
( jTa be , continued in our next , and concluded in . four articles , ) £ Wo shall iw ( hie course briefly resume and comment upon the loading positions of this pamphlet . Meantime the reader will bo at no loss to appreciate ita mgruncronce as a guide to Russian policy and as a point of comparison with th < e lucubrations of certain publicists at home . Whether the Inhabitant " of Continental Europe" be a Russian , or merely a Philo-Riissian , Fnsionfaed Doctrinaire , writing under the inspirations of tho Russian Egex-io , five ' Prineeaa L—n , his words aro worth making note of . ]
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sousrrx ' phenomena . Sown d anditsPhenomena . By-the Key . l > r . Brewer . Longman , Brovro , Green * and Longman * . This thick little yolpme belongs to the class of books rendered popular by Joyce ' s Scientific Ddalbgvtes ^ It is an exceedingly plain monograph on the subject of acoustics , with an account of sound , its causes , media , and , varieties , and of the human ear . It contains , of course , many interesting illustrations in the way of special instances , with anecdotes interspersed . A large portion relates to musical sounds and . musical instruments , including
the human voice . There is nothing which carries this part of the science beypnd the standard : inquiries into the very obscure subject of vocalisation , and the structure of the human organs- Perhaps Professor Willis ' s paper " On the Larynx ^ ' still marks the most advanced post to which , inquiry lias advanced . But while Dr . Brewer ' s book will be amusing and . instructive to many young persons , there is no doubt but that most musicians , professional or amateur , would derive considerable advantage from perusing ; the volume . It would expedite the studies of some , and might possibly clear away much rubbish from the tuition of others .
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BOOKS ON OUK TABLE . Sybil Lennard . By Mrs . Greg . ( Parlour Library . ) Thomas ; Hodgson , The Diverting , Patlietic , and . IIumoro \ ts Adventures of Mr . Sydenham Greenfinch , Gentleman , cuicl of his Fiends in London . Compiled from the MS . at present in the possession of Tom Hawkins , Esq . George Rontledge and Co . Fashion and Famine . By Mrs . Aim Stephens . R . Bentley The I \ ew Existence of Man upon the Earth . l * artsi I ., 1 L , and . III . By Bobert Qwen . Holyoako and Co Robert Oiaeri ' s Address to the Human Pace . Holyooke and Co , Phrenology , Psychology , and Pneumatology . By Introviser . JL Chapman , Putnam ' s Monthly : a Magazine of Literature , Science , and Art . No . 20 . Sampson . Lowe , Son , and Co . Tales and Lays for Sunshine and Shade , By John Alfred Langford . John Hugliaa
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Wo shquia do oux utmopt to encourage the Beautiful , for . the Useful erxcouragea itaalf . — Gobthjs .
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SYDENHAM PAPERS . No . II . A coMVAUATiVB view of fho Old Exhibition , with it 3 offspring at Sydenham , suggests some obvious differences . The Hyd *} Park Exhibition had its antecedents , which should not bo totally eclipsed by its own brilliant success . The very first thing of the kind was done a century before by the London Society of Arts , and simHarcoI '* - loctions -were from time to time shown on a small scale in some of our groat manufacturing towns , at Birmingham especially ; when the British Association mot there in 1839 , the application of machinery and chemical science to the making of uselul avrticlcs of trade was mndo n very interesting feature , by the exhibition of a vast number of machines and processes m actual operation . Again , too , in 1849 , the same intention was wixied out on a
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K ^ TfAL H 13 TEIL GUIDE AND ADVERTISING irAND-BOOKT * Iw tne- Recess the Hotel Question is a question of the day : and here it is answered . In this ( the seconds ) edition there is a . natural development of the original plan : a list of foreign hotels ,, with their tariffs , is-given ; and ,, i throughout , there is- a greater fullness of statistics and completeness oi specification . The book should be an item in the contents of everyone ' s i carpet-bag . ^ There are , however , reasons beyond ' those of immediate usefulness for -which we would desire to encourage this ingenions publication . It will contribute greatly in supplying data to that Hotel Reform which is as much asocial necessity as any one of the long list of Reforms in the Liberal programme . Cheapness is only one point in . the public ' s demands in . relation to Hotels : what the other wants are have been stated admirably by a contemporary , whom , in regard to this matter , we most respectfully beg to follow and quote : ~
: " Now that railway traffic has become , so common and so extensive— -novr that the interi coarse between different towns -is as ftee as it used- to B& between different jsarta oF the same j district—now that there ; are daily coinmunicationd an all subjects of . business betweea all parts of . the united kingdom , a machinery js wanted which will enable travellers to move iaboot , knowing-beforehand the fkte of themselves , tbeir stomachy aird » their-lnggaf ; e , -withlout wasting » thonght respecting those subordinate but essential claimants . The Seau-ideaZ of a , reform . ed-hotel . system would-be—not cheapness , let us repeat that that is not themaia | object—but such a system of working together as would render the traveller , whetKer he happened to be in London , Edinburgh , Doblin , Manchester , Bristol , or Cork , able to deal with the inn accommodation : of all those places as one ; knttwing beforehand thai he could findabedor a dinner , deposit a message , secuce perhaps the transmission of luggage or parcel t » meet him or a companion at some distant town ;—and that tie should find all tneseand otner Jonds accommodation
, same pt , m auy one building of trie whole system ' of . towns . A railway exempiifies wliat we mean , since at every station of the line the traveller can-command ail that the line can' furnish ; and rn ^ nany cases ; jwhere lmes ar 8 working together , he cam dispose of ^^ liiaaself i his luggage ,, and alltfiait- ^ eaeq ^ uirrarfoETiail-¦ wayf ' tfaYelling ^ 'b y one ^ tiransactiphy- ' . ' . . ; ¦ ; ¦ . - , .. '¦ ; . . X . ; . ' ¦ . ' .: •; ¦ '¦¦' . [ - \ ' ¦ - •¦¦ ¦ '¦/ ' :. ¦ ¦' . ; : ' ¦ -i . U . \ \' \ r . . ¦' . ¦ '"¦ . - . ; '" The fear tifjat . inakes innkeeper ? vfithhpld tlieir materials is quite intelligible ; : they are afraid that prices will be brought d * ivn . It niiav happen so , but not to tlie d 8 gree ^ wh . ieh innkeepers fear ; and there will be compensation . Adjusting , as Mr . Disraeli might say | oUr inn systeni to ' onir railway system , an anabunt of demand for hotel accominodation Would be created which ¦ ••¦ would ; farmore thanrepay : the speculatory The hotel system will be perfect when no travelier'will be found ^ ^ eating sandwiches in . a railway earriagev to avoid the uncertadnty , the delay , and discomfort of inn treatment , far inere than any excess of charge d . ; ; , ¦ ' ..:. , ; ; - ; ; ' ¦ ¦/ '¦ . . . ... ¦ : ' : . . ¦ ¦ ' ¦ . " ¦ •
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August 2 © , 1854 . ] T ll LEADER . 811
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 26, 1854, page 811, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2053/page/19/
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