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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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iticy and in the approaching elections . They profit the warning of the Native American Association , id exercise their influence negatively . They start » candidate of their own , but throw the weight of eir influence into the scale of him who conies arest to their views . Remembering that the society a secret one , it is therefore easy to perceivo how iportant an influence it exercises over the elections . t abstaining from presenting themselves as a tart , they elude attack , while their power is wielded ast efficiently in the dark . They have already leu like a shell into the midst of the Democratic mp . From the Declaration of Independence foigners have almost invariably allied themselves to
at party , and to repudiate foreigners now would iquestionably cause its dissolution . The Deraoitic Republican General Committee has therefore 3 t at Tammany Hall , and entered its solemn prost against the Know-nothings . The Whigs remain descendants of the old antireign federalists , allied with the old native Amerin party , and both from instinct and party prejuje , actuated by a general distaste for races , whose iders have generally been found in the democratic aks . With the Whig party , therefore , have the low-nothings allied themselves , and the success of 5 union has been most signal . At Washington , Philadelphia , and Baltimore they
ve carried their candidates for municipal offices ainst the Government . [ n the early part of this month the city and county ction for members of Congress and county officers ? k place at St . "Louis , in the State of Missouri , omas H . Benton , a distinguished Democrat , who d been successful at the last election , and whose m had expired , was the democratic candidate , to iresent the city in Congress , and the Irish and xmans voted for him . ICennet was the Whig canlate , whose name the Know-nothings also had at } head of their ticket . Every exertion w as made the democratic party , and an immense number of shmen working on the railroads were brought
up-, rds of 10 Q miles to vote for their candidate . The Suit was a signal defeat , for Kennett , the Knowthing protege , was returned to Congress with 6 , 261 fces , while his opponent , Benton , lost the seat dch he had previously filled , having polled but . 04 . In the county the Know-nothing party was ually successful . No sooner was the result known m a fearful riot took place at St . Iiouis , and durl two days a battle was fought between the Knowthings on one side and the Irish and Germans on i other .
The fight commenced at five o'clock on the Mony evening ,, and is said to have originated with an shxnan , whqsvjBtabbed an American in the back , lis was the /' signal for a general row . An infuriated > wd rushed at him , crying " Kill him , kill him !" & irishman ran for his life , but the mob soon over-> k him , and ( to use an . American phrase ) , "just b him up . " The general work of destruction then ntnenced ; houses were sacked and burnt , and men 3 t like dogs in the street . The Americans attacked 3 office of the ^ Anzeiger des Westens , the editor of lich had made himseft 'indfcir-obnoxious to the
low - nothing party ; a great fight took place here , d the doors and windows were battered in . Evenally , on Wednesday night , quiet was somewhat stored , and the Major obtained the assistance of 00 citizens to maintain order . About 20 were Heel , and an immense number wounded . How long is this embittered feeling to last , and w long will the ascendancy of the Know-nothing rty continue ? As a party it seems created merely destroy , and lias no fixed policy of its own . It is sed on an unreasoning hatred of foreigners , and mid sacrifice si whole body for the- faults of a few its members . One thing , however , is quite cerin—it has-enrolled in its ranks an immense number
enthusiasts . It is perfectly organised , and at the jotions for Congress this autumn , and at the Prelontial election in 1850 , tho scenes enacted at St . mis will bo repeated in all parts of the Union , and internqcino war commenced of which no man can a the end . Tho census of 1850 shows that tho white popxila-? n of tho United States then ampimtod to 10 , 553 , 058 srsons . Of these 17 , 279 , 875 were American born ; 240 535 wero born in foreign countries ; and 32 , 648 ore reported unknown as to their nativity . Since iilt period tho foreign population has boon largely creased by immigration , so that the number of sruons of foreign birth now in tho Unitod States ay bo stated at 3 , 500 , 000 .
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PUBLIC HEALTH . —THE CHOLERA . HBae is every reason to bcliovo that tho cholera is bating . The state of the weather , tho sanitary prc-Mitions , and tho absence of any public alarm aproach , i , ng a " panic , " have combined to check tho iseose . The Registrar * General Return staitcs : — " The population of London oxecedo 2 , 862 , 280 ; nnd in tho
week ending Saturday last 3413 persons died , or 2165 more than have on an average died in the corresponding week of former years . " But in the week ending September 8 th , 1849 , when cholera raged , 3183 persons died , so , allowing for increase of population , the rate of mortality for the week is lower than the rate of 1849 . " 2050 persons , namely , 954 males , 1096 females , 614 children under 15 years of age , 1128 men and women of 15 and under 60 , and 287 old people , have died of cholera ; 276 persons have died of diarrhoea . " The deaths from cholera in the last nine weeks have been 5 , 26 , 133 , 399 , 644 , 729 , 847 , 1287 , 2050 ; and in the aggregate 6120 persons have lost their lives by the disease .
" The sun has had great power , but clouds and fogs have intervened ; no rain has fallen ; the wind has been dry and languid , the electricity positive , but the temperature of the air and of the Thames is declining . " Active measures have b « en adopted by the Board of Health for combating the present epidemic , and for obtaining by all the agents and instruments that science lias now at command such a thorough knowledge of the conditions that lend power to this enemy as will enable us to oppose it with advantages that are not now possessed . " The decline of the temperature , the analogy of the two epidemics of 1832 and 1849 , as well as the remedial measures that are now brought into operation , justify us in anticipating that the epidemic will , ere long , gradually subside . In the meantime the zeal and watchfulness neither of the local authorities , of the heads of manufactories , nor of the heads of families , should be slackened for a moment . "
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The following list exhibits the deaths from cholera in London during last Week , showing the elevation in feet above Trinity high-water mark , the population in 1851 , and the number of deaths from cholera registered in each subdistrict ; with the average annual value of houses in each district ; " West districts , elevation above Trinity high-water , mark , 28 feet ; population in 1851 , 376 , 527 ; deaths ^ 545 . North districts , elevation , 135 feet ; population , 490 , 396 ; deaths , 208 . Central districts ^ elevation , 49 feet ; population , 393 , 256 ; deaths , 117 . East districts , elevation , 26 feet ; population , 485 , 522 ; deaths , 208 . South districts , elevation , 6 feet ; population , 616 , 635 ; deaths , 972 . "
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To assist in the investigation of the epidemic outbreak in the region lying between Regent-street , Golden-square , Oxford-street , and Wardour-street , the Registrar General has -thought it right to publish , as a special appendix to . his weekly return , all the deaths from cholera and diarrhoea that have been registered in the three weeks , extending from August 19 th to September 9 th , in the five adjoining sub-districts , of Berwick-street , of Golden-square , of St . James ' s-square , of St . Anne , Soho , and of All Souls , Marylebone , where many of the patients died in Middlesex Hospital . This is a very lengthy document containing accurate details on each case . In Berwick-street , the population being 10 , 798—the deaths were in the last week 133 ; St . James ' s-square , population 11 , 469—deaths , 5 ; Golden-square , population 14 , 139—deaths , 149 ; St . Anne , Soho , population 17 , 335—deaths , 27 ; All Souls , Marylebone , population , 28 , 841—deaths , 64 .
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It appears that unprofessional treatment of cholera is practised . ' Mr . T . Wukley , the coroner , held a protracted inquiry at the Wheatsheaf public-house , Purscr ' s-cross , Fulham , last week , concerning the death of a maiden lady , named Ann Collyer , aged 4 i > years , of St . Peter ' a-villus , Purser ' s-cross , -who died from a severe attack of Asiatic cholera . The affair has created considerable sensation in Fulham , in consequence of its being alleged that the Rev . Mi . Garrutt , incumbent of % St . John ' s , Fulham , had administered to tho deceased a quantity of Cuptain Water ton ' s cholera medicines , in opposition to the faculty of tho district , and had cnuscd death . There were several medical gentlemen present at tho inquest , as also Cnpt . Waterton . Tho evidence went to show tlmt although a medical man was in attendance on the deceased , the Kev . Air . Gamitt administered " cholera powders" to her- Mr . Gnmitt himself stated that ho had been visiting the house in consequence ofthc illness of tho doccased ' o sister , and whon tho former was taken ill ho visited her , remained all night with her , and sbo took Captain Waterton ' a medicines every qiiavtor of nn hoar , having sunt for tljom previous to his arrival , She was soon out of danger , recovering and getting stronger ; but in a few days luvd a relupso , caused as ho believed by her taking opium pills , and ' , ' doctoring herself . " Captain Watcrton ' s medioines wero again used by her , in which Mr . Garratt said ho had himself grput fuith , and she persevered in taking thorn till her death . —The cane was adjourned , in order that an analysis might bo mado of tho stomach , and to ascertain whether tho " nowdcra" had anything to do with tho death .
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The cholera seems to become more enigmatical than ever—a gentleman writing from the St . James ' s district , mentions some points of difference between the character of the disease in 1849 and 1853 , and in the present year . He says : — 1 . Tlio pain to the sufferers has been comparatively trifling . They have generally been able to understand and enter iuto all that was said to them . At tho other times the agony of the cramp and convulsions was overpowering . 2 . The diarrhoea and sickness have been often very slight , even in . fatal casos . 3 . The livid lmc of tho skin and coldness , which I had thought inseparable from chok ' ra , have been frequently absont , mid there has been neither discoloration nor extreme coldness up to the hour of death . 4 . Death has come on very stedthily , so that persons have sunk rapidly who wero thought by all ubout them to bo in a hopeful state . The remarkable diflurencq between tho typo of the disease in its first , great outbreak a fortnight since , when it seemed ungovernable , almost all dying who wero attacked , and in the mild form of t ho last low days , will , Uoubtloss , bo made tho subject of close investigation . The pestilence Una been Htaycd .
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It is said that tl » o cholera has become opidcmio in Liverpool , and that tho disease is decidedly on the increase in certain districts of tho town . Tho great majority of the cuhos uro confined to Scotland and Vauxlmll ward . *) , where I ' evci' and ilist'iises of all kimln havu always abounded . Still the epidemic would seem to bo spreading . Tlio cholora continues ita ruvugos in various parts of Scotland , but on tho wliolo both ita area and ita intensity hci'iii to havu somewhat diminished during the past week . In Glasgow , tho number of dontlisliua liillcn coiialilorobJy below tlio u-vcrngo of tlio luat wi-ok or two . In UreonoWr , tlio doatliH from cholora during August amounted to D ' 2 . At OiunpsioniHl Kirkmtillocli , clio dimmso li" » hewn vorv » ov « iro , iind in vurioua nnvta of Aigyllbliiro it J « m exhibited Itaollnot , however , with any gmit virulence . At 1 ' urtli , thoro have been muco tlio outbivak of I bo dim-asm ( iQ eaauu unU 11 deaths , and 21 ciisoh remain under truutiiiont . Thu account !) iioin tho north of Ireland arc « 1 ho moro mitibfuctory .
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the water became in a most filthy and unhealthy condition . Sir Benjamin Hall said , he was most anxious to do every thing in his power to assist in checking evils of the kind mentioned , or in removing any nuisances which might be considered detrimental to the public health ; but he wished it to be known that that department had no control over the Commissioners of Sewers . He knew that the Commissioners of Sewers were most anxious to do their duty , and to see their works carried out properly and efficiently , and , at the same time , as expeditiously as possible , but the task was such a heavy one that they could not do all they -wished . In any future legislation upon the subject , it would be necessary to place the district sewers under the control of the local authorities , and make them responsible for the proper management of the sewage of their respective districtswhile
, the main sewers should be placed under the control of a . central board , in accordance with the recommendations of the Royal commission appointed to inquire into the corporation of London . It . would , in his ( Sir Benjamin Hall ' s ) opinion , be quite impossible to secure anything like a sanitary condition of the inhabitants of the metropolis unless they attained , three great objects—first , that the Thames should be purified by the construction of intercepting sewers ; second , that every street should have a sewer run through it ; third , that the owner of every house should be compelled to make a drain from his house to that sewer , which drain should beproperly trapped , thus abolishing all cesspools . The whole question of offensive trades must also come under consideration ; and , if those trades were to be permitted in the metropolis , all the appliances that art and science could suggest must be enforced for the purpose of preventing the
annoyances to which the public were at present , exposed . Another and very important inquiry must also be instituted when Parliament assembled as to how far the metropolitan Water companies had complied with the engagements entered into in 1852 . The period of three years . given to the water companies to bring their supplies from beyond the tidal influence of the Thames , and from other sources , expired next session , and a question so important to . the sanitary condition of the public as to the water supply" must be fully gone into . The whole subject of sanitary reform , and the amendment of the-Board of Health Act and the Nuisance Kemoval Act should be considered as soon as that board could have any leisure , so that bills upon those important subjects might be brought in early in the ensuing sessions At that moment , however , it was impossible to do more than attend to the present epidemic and reply to the innumerable letters'which
reached-» 131 MJTATXON TO Tina HOARD OF UKAI / riX . An expression of opinion , indicating purpose on tlio part of tho Board of Health , was givon by Sir Benjamin Hall , iu his answer to a deputation from All Saints , Poplar , which complained of the Btuto of tho aewngo throughout ttio district in question , but more especially of tho open sewers in North-street , and King-atrect . They desired that tho Board ol Health should , if it hud tho power , interpose itB authority , so as to compel a more ofllcicnt drainage and Bowago of tho district , without which it wo . b impossible tho health of tho district could bo preserved . Another ground of complaint wais , thut a large amount of sewage was turned into tho canal , and
the board , and which were much increased in consequence of persons writing to them on subjects which did not come under the jurisdiction of the department . It must be recollected that he ( Sir Benjamin Hall ) had only been at thehead of that office about three weeks ; that the law was most imperfect ; that when he entered upon office the cholera was on the increase ; and that he had to make all the necessary arrangements for meeting the disease and checking it as far as possible . This , he was happy to say , had been effected to a very great extent , and he had been , generally speaking , ably and cheerfully assisted by the local authorities . Thegentlemen of the deputation would see that at that time the Board of Health did not control the Commissioners of Sewers , but he should be happy at all times to receive suggestions from local authorities which they conceived would in any way tend to promote the public health and improve the sanitary condition of the people .
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Thn Montreal ileruM , of t ho 22 nd ult , publbhea a statement of tho ruvttgen «< " tho oholorw in tlmt cuty during Urn
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September 16 , 1854 . ] THE LEADER . 869
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 16, 1854, page 869, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2056/page/5/
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