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refused . Mr . Bede then said he was determined to do his duty ; but at the same tune assuredthem that their grievances would be inquired into . The diggers kept exclaiming , "We will not have drawn swords or fixed bayonets . " " Where is the Governor ?" " Send up Sir Charles Hothani . " " We want justice , and we will have it . " Upon Mr . Rede repeating that he was resolved to have the licenses , the diggers exclaimed , " We haven't got them ; we have burnt them . " The riot-act was then read ; and Mr . Bede said he must arrest all who had not got their licenses . Upon this , the diggers retired , some to the Eureka , and some to the Red Hill , where they hoisted their flag , " The Southern Cross ; " the military and police formed into divisions on the Bakery
Hill ; and the officer in command of the police told Mr . Commissioner Johnson that any man who should raise his hand to strike a blow or throw a stone was to be shot on the spot . The police and military subsequently retired to their camp , which was barricaded with sandbags , trusses of hay , &c . ; and the rioters , who were armed with revolvers , amused themselves with a few random shots . At 5 , p . m ., of the same day , the diggers enrolled themselves as members of the ReformLeague ; and an old soldier gave several parties instructions in the manual exercise . It is said that seven prisoners were taken during the day , and that the diggers occupied the road to Melbourne * for the purpose of rescuing them . Several persons were wounded on both sides .
The Melbourne Argussaya : — " The state of things at the diggings has indeed become most critical , and any hour may bring us intelligence of the most serious nature . The Government is thoroughly aroused , and is concentrating the whole military and police force of the colony of Ballarat . All the available men of the 40 th and 12 th Regiments have left town for that locality . A body of 300 rank and file of the former regiment , with .. their band , were marched out yesterday afternoon under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Valliant and the whole of the officers of the regiment . They took with them four field-pieces , two 6 and two 12-pounders . All the officers and men
of the 12 th regiment , with the exception of Captain Vereker , and the necessary guard , have left for the same place . They number about 300 ^ 24 men-of-war's-men and about 20 marines from her Majesty ' s ship Electra have also been sent off . Fifty horse and about the same number of foot police were-to be despatched yesterday afternoon . A large number of baggage and ammunition waggons were sent with the military . We also hear that Sir Robert Nickle , Commander-in-Chief of the Forces , and Colonel M'Cartney , Adjutant-General , intended to start for Ballarat at three o ' clock this morning . The amount of force , military and police , to be assembled at these diggings will be little short of 1000 men . "
The Gedong Advertiser asserts that a soldier of the 12 th has died of a gunshot wound , and that the life of Captain Young is in imminent danger . Despatches from Ceylon of the 1 st of February , which reached Trieste orTthe 28 th , " * state"that some troops sent to put down the insurrectionists " had fought some sanguinary engagements , " and that 44 Melbourne was in a state of siege . "
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MEETING OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN DEMOCRATS . Ox Tuesday evening a large meeting of English and foreign democrats was held in the music-rooms in St , Martin ' s Hall , to commemorate the revolutionary movement of 1848 . Mr . Ernest Jones' occupied the chair , and was the chief speaker . Addressing his hearers as " men of Europe , " he said that the universal fraternity of mankind had been set at nought by tyrants , who engaged , different nations in wars with each other , and that the only true basis of peace was to be found in an alliance of the various peoples among themselves , as distinguished from an alliance between sovereigns . A union of interests with despots was particularly to be shunned , and Mr . Jones contrasted the conduct of Queen Elizabeth , who withdrew her ambassador from France after the
massacre of St . Bartholomew , with that of the present Government , which maintains friendly relations with the Emperor Louis Napoleon after the coup d ' etat . While on this subject , he went so far as to say that the British army in the Crimea had been deliberately destroyed by the machinations of our ally , and that all the difficulties in the way of transmitting provisions and clothing might bo traced to his malevolence . With respect to nationalities , he said there was an oppressed nationality in every country where labour was not the master of capital . Subsequently , Mr . Jones read resolutions to the effect that alliances with despots ought to be repudiated ; that an alliance of peoples should be formed ; and that an international committee should be established . M . Hersen , a Russian gentleman , who seconded the resolutions , and who , it was stated , had been five yean in a Russian prison , stated that the
natural tendency of the Russian people was towards democracy . ,. . Other speakers addressed the meeting , which consisted in the greater degree of foreigners , and the assembly separated . _
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PUBLIC WORKS IN EGYPT . The railway between Alexandria and Cairo , a distance of 130 miles , is now complete , with the exception of the three bridges on the two branches of the Nile and the Delta Canal . The communication between the two towns may be kept up by the line of railroad by crossing the river in boats , but it will not be available for traffic and passengers until after the bridges are comp letedfive or six months hence . The most important bridge is the tubular one which crosses the Damietta branch of the Nile at Benha , and which is well advanced towards completion . At Benha is to be seen the large new palace , the favourite residence of the late Abbas Pacha , where he breathed his last . The day after the death of Abbas a general pilfering of the furniture took place , and the
this went on until not a single article was left in whole building ; tapestry was torn out of the walls , chandeliers and candelabra wrenched from their fixings , and not one fixture has been left , so that , although the palace is new , it presents an air of striking desolation . The gardens , laid out at an immense cost , are quite neglected , and the large collections of birds and dogs of every imaginable species , collected from all parts of the world at immense prices , were allowed to die from neglect and starvation , and now there is but one doorkeeper to be seen where formerly thousands kept the place in great animation . An agent of Abbaa Pacha's son shows strangers over the palace , and points out the place in a large saloon where the late Viceroy died , as he says , by the visitation of God . But an old officer of the town shows another room , with some marks of blood on the wall , and he says it is there that Abbas Pacha met his death by the hands of two Mamelukes . Notwithstanding that at the death of Abbas Pacha an investigation was made , and it was generally rumoured that he died of apoplexy , there are still some reports extant , corroborated by statements made \> y persons in a position to know , that he was stifled on his divan , and stabbed in the side .
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LAW REFORM . The annual meeting of the Society for Promoting the Amendment of the Law was held last Saturdays afternoon ; Lord Brougham , President , in the chair-He said that the annual meeting had been held this year at the beginning of the Parliamentary Session , in the hope of introducing , or at least discussing , a number of measures . The Solicitor-General moved , and Sir John Pakington seconded , the following resolution : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , it is desirable that the friends of law reform should , at the present time , direct their special attention to the following
measures ,: —1- Thje c < m 8 olidationo / tiielaw . ; _ 2 _ . An amendment of the Common Law Procedure Act of last session , so as more effectually to secure the attainment of its object . 3 . An amendment in the law of bankruptcy . 4 . An alteration in the law of partnership , with a view to affording greater facilities for the formation of partnerships with limited liability . 5 . An amendment of the laws relating to women , including the law of divorce . 6 . The appointment of a public prosecutor . 7 . The more speedy trial of offenders , especially those charged with petty offences , and a general improvement in the administration of the criminal law . 8 . The amendment of the acts of last session relating to juvenile reformatories . "
With respect to the consolidation of the law , the Solicitor-General said ho was not only a friend to it , but a believer in its entire practicabifitj' . The English Common Law was the adoption of great principles of moral action ; and the illustrations of these principles , to be found in reports of cases , might be consolidated in short rules , and arranged under great general principles . The Lord Chancellor had said that it would take twenty years to reduce to order the chaos of the statute law ; but the Solicitor-General would undertake to do it in three . Jurisconsults and jurisprudents had yet failed in laying down anything like a philosophical analysis of the subjects of law . He would here coll attention to
two subjects not mentioned in his resolution . He had long been anxious to make the land of this country as saleable , as marketable , as certain of being realised or converted into money , as horses and furniture . At present it was impossible to tell when the sale of an estate would be completed . Only the other day lie was engaged as counsel in a case in which an estate was eoldin 1802 ; but the contract was not completed until 1852 ; and not long ago lie was in another case where the estate was sold in 1818 , but the sale was not completed until 1832 . The system of transfer at the Bank of England , and the Encumbered Estates Court in Ireland , afforded examples for the solution of this difficulty . Lord Brougham here remarked that , although lie '
had originally contended against the establishment of the last Encumbered Estates Court , he had been quite converted by its successful working—an announcement which was received with applause . The Solicitor-General resumed . The plan now in contemplation , and which he hoped would be carried into effect , was that you should not only give , but continue , a Parliamentary title ; that estates should be transferred by entries in a register ; and that in another register , in the same office , should be kept a record of the beneficial owners , at whose instance the head of the department should give his fiat
for the sale , but into which any person dealing with the estate as purchaser or mortgagee should be under no obligation to inquire . Regarding education , he wished to see established in London a university specially designed fpr the instruction of the citizens of this country in" a knowledge of the law and of political science , since every man , in some capacity or other , requires this . He also spoke in favour of limited liability in partnership ; of the abolition of Ecclesiastical Courts ; and of an alteration of the laws of divorce , so as to relieve women from the injustice and cruelty under which they have long laboured . ...
_ .. Sir John Pakington , Mr , G . Hadfield , Mr . Whiteside , Mr . M . D . Hill , Mr . Napier , and Mr . Anderton spoke briefly in favour of law reform ; and Mr . Raymond urged upon the Society the great difficulties attending the transfer of land . The Chairman thought that the subject of the Bankruptcy law of England , Ireland , and Scotland , was now ripe for a commission with a view to its assimilation . If we had had a Minister of Justice , our progress would have been more rapid than it has bills
been . Lord Brougham referred to the now before the House of Lords for giving summary jurisdiction at petty sessions in cases of larceny , and of which an account will be found in our Parliamentary columns . A Minister of Justice , he resumed , should be answerable for the mode in which laws were drawn , and spare the judges the impracticable task of construing what is often not to be understood . Many other necessities indicate the want of such a Minister . The resolution was carried unanimously .
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HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE FROST . The recent severe frost , according to the Registrar-General ' s report , ; has caused in London an excess of 1968 deaths over the average in the six weeks of cold weather just terminated ; the number being 9408 . The temperature of the six weeks was 28 * 4 deg . on an average , and the deaths were nearly 100 weekly to every degree of depression below the freezing point . From 20 to 40 , the cold did not destroy 2 in 10 , 000 ; from 60 to 80 it was fatal to 38 in 10 , 000 . The deaths by cold ,
irrespective of other causes , are set down by the Registrar at 367 children and youths under 20 ; 159 young men and women of 20-40 ; 290 middle-aged persons of 40-60 ; 561 of 60-80 ; and 173 of 80 and upwards . The heat that is lost by the lungs and the skin ,-says the - ~— ^ - —jg - gQ - ' great ^~ ~ fb ^ t ^ it ~ is' ^ o ¥ ' eaulyliupplie ( l' ~ witb sufficient rapidity in the young and the old ; who , to use a common expression , do not " stand the cold" so well as men in the prime of early manhood . The danger of dying of cold is doubled every nine years after 30 .
Exercise , ample supplies of food and clothing , and artificial external warmth , mitigate the effects of cold in London , and by sustaining- the temperature of their sleeping rooms , the danger of the aged is much diminished . ' Cold is -less fatal than dirt in the air and water in London , through which the cholera , dysentery , and other matters that induce zymotic diseases are diffusedj thus , while intense cold killed 1604 persons in the five weeks preceding the last , cholera destroyed 7222 in five weeks of last year ; and while cold killed 159 men and women of the age 20-40 , cholera killed 1909 at the corresponding age .
The intense cold showed slight signs of mitigation until the end of last week , and the deaths were 1604 . Zymotic diseases were fatal to 294 persons ; namely , 81 who died of small-pox , 30 of measles ( chiefly in the east and south districts ) , 47 of scarlatina , and which , as well as hooping-cough ( 82 ) , prevails chiefly in the north districts . Typhus was fatal in 86 cases , childbirth in 10 , consumption in 204 ; bronchitis , pneumonia , and asthma , in 404 cases , which exceed the corrected average
of corresponding weeks by 156 . The mean height of the barometer in the week was 29-779 in . The mean temperature of the air was 26-7 deg ., which is 12-7 deg . below the average . The highest point ( 41-2 deg . ) was attained on Saturday ; the lowest ( 11-1 deg . ) on Monday morning , when the moon was in the equator . In the sun a thermometer rose to 68 deg . The dryncsa was 4-8 deg . ; the dew-point was 21-9 deg . The wind was calm , and travelled at the rate of 880 miles over Greenwich . Electricity waa positive and active . Last week the births of 916 boys , and 874 girla , in all 1790 children , were registered in London . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1846-54 the average number was 1509 .
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200 THB LBADEB . [ Satubpay ,
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Leader (1850-1860), March 3, 1855, page 200, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2080/page/8/
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