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endeavouring to maintain these women , it is not losing sight of the necessity for their being employed and taking care of themselves so far as lies in their power . The association confers peculiar benefits upon the unfortunate sick and wounded soldier . The soldiers of our army have the means of remitting home to their families a portion of their pay , and it is gratifying to find that rery considerable remittances hare been from time to time sent by them ; but the moment that they go into hospital their pay virtually ceases—at least , it is so reduced that they have not the means of sending home any portion of it . This must be a most painful situation to the men ; and it is that class of cases which the association is at this time more especially called upon to meet , for we know , unfortunately , how large a number of sick and wounded there are at present in the hospitals . "
Major Powys , thehon . secretary , then read the report , to the main features of which the Duke had alluded . It is only necessary to add that the number of soldiers ' wives at this moment relieved by the association exceeds 5000 , and the number of children exceeds 8000 . There are now 95 local committees in connexion with the association , including those at Constantinople , Malta , Gibraltar , Montreal , Quebec , Halifax , Nova Scotia , &c . No less than 80 , 000 ? . —by far the greater part of the receipts—has been obtained through the medium of church collections . The total subscriptions have amounted to 104 , 835 / . Theitusbursements in actual relief have amounted to 34 , 6437 . ; and there now remains a balance of 64 , 379 ? ., " which , " adds the report , "inthe short space of a year will all be spent . " On the motion of the Duke of Cambridge , the report was adopted .
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PEACE MEETING AT MANCHESTER . The meeting at the Peace Society ' s Rooms , Newall ' sbuildings , Manchester , adjourned from last week , took place on Tuesday night . Mr . Ceorge Wilson in the chair . Mr . Bright said , they held by the doctrine of non-intervention . Had there been no interference with Russia and Turkey , the dispute might have been settled in a fortnight . The Ministry and the people had been" pluriged ~ intothis war by the press . Some simple-minded persons thought that out of this contest would come freedom for the oppressed nationalities ; but we were in fact oppressing the " nationality of the Greeks . In short , the war would for a time , strengthen ^ despotisms . Alluding to-our immense naval force , Mr . Bright said : —
" We sent it to the Baltic , deprived the poor Finlanders of their salt , and destroyed timber and tar , the latterbeing the property of our own merchants , purchased to supply the wants of our own Admiralty . We sent a fleet to Kamschatka , and were defeated and driven from Petropaulovski . We had a large naval armament in the Black Sea , with transports more numerous and of greater tonnage than the whole mercantile marine of many countries , and no calculation we could make would give any idea of the enormous expense we were going to in pursuit of what he believed to be a phantom of the very wildest , character . " ( Cheers . ' ) The country was plunged into great distress by the war .
" A visit to the shops of the pawnbrokers and those who did not deal in first-class goods ,- and a visit , also , to the houses of the poorer classes all over the country , would show the sacrifices we were making on a point of honour , and that , for the sake of the fall of Sebastopol and our military renown , we were , paying the price of education , civilisation , moralitj ' , nay of life itself , among vast numbers of the people . " ( Cheers . ) Mr . Bright furthermore observed that wo could derive no good from taking Sebastopol , as it was impossible to penetrate intotliecountry ; and expressed his opinion that " now , emphatically now , is the time when Russia is likely to make the most concessions , and when peace could be made with the greatest results . " He was not sure that some association for the purpose of teaching the people of this country the doctrine of non-intervention should not be established . Mr . J . Sturgo having delivered the startling piece of intelligence " that there , perhaps , never was a monarch more beloved by his subjects , whether lie deserved it or not , than the late Emperor Nicholas , " and some other gentlemen having spoken , a motion was carried that a memorial , urging upon Government to use their endeavours to negotiate an early peace , bo drawn up and placed for public signature . The meeting then adjourned till next Tuesday .
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STATE OF TRADE , LABOUR , AND THE POOR . Trade still continues , with a few exceptions , in a very depressed state all over the kingdom ; and the poor , as a consequence , are suffering great hardships . At Manchester the cotton-yarn and cloth market remains unsatisfactory . The linen trade has shown no signs of increased activity ; and the news of the death of the Russian Emperor has not had the effect of enhancing business . The iron trade of South Staffordshire , on the cessation of the froat , became
more active ; but still orders are not abundant , and some works are only partially employed . The price of copper , however , remains extremely firm , and-the supply comparatively scarce . Jn Staffordshire , the heavy iron foundry and machinist businesses are dull and inactive . The boiler-manufacture , however , continues- alert , on account of the large orders for marine purposes . The . watch' trade in Coventry is flat ; and the glass trade of Birmingham is so reduced , that the principal firms in the town have put their work-people on three days' employment a week . The gun-makers of the same town , too , are but ill
employed . From Nottingham we learn that the hosiery and lace trades have experienced a slight improvement ; but the hosiery trade of Leicester is still very depressed } many hands have been , turned off , and an immense increase of pauperism over that of last year has taken place . The carpet trade of Kidderminster is languishing . At Leeds , the tone of the cloth markets has been more satisfactory , owing , it would seem , to the news of the Czar ' s death . A vast number of persons are out of employment at Bradford , and the demands upon the workhouse have been unusually great .
The advent of the thaw , though it has greatly lessened the sufferings of the poor , has not by any means removed them . The lack of work now observable in many of our industrial towns , is unfortunately owing to causes more permanent than the recent frost , and will probably not disappear until the country at large , and indeed the whole of Europe , is in a more settled condition . The Board of Trade returns for the month ending the 5 th of February were issued last Saturday morning , and show a falling off of 227 , 746 / . in the declared value of our expbrtations as compared with the corresponding month of last year . The imported articles have likewise suffered a diminution , with the exception of tea and sugar , which exhibit an increase .
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THE AUSTRALIAN INSURRECTION . The disturbances in Australia , which began with a simple riot , may be said to have since mounted into a positive rebellion . From the Singapore Straits Times of January 16 th , we learn that Mr , Commissioner Rede was-a prisoner in the hands of the diggers ; that several of the soldiers had been shot , and many of the diggers slain . Mr-Foster ^ the Colonial Secretary , having excited the especial wrath of the insurrectionists , that functionary voluntarily resigned , rather than cause embarrassment
and further danger . All the Government officials at Melbourne had been sworn in as special constables , so that in the post-office business was entirely suspended . The diggers had raised the banner of independence ; and , according to the Melbourne Argus , " the colonists were engaged in a civil war . " The middle classes , however , were on the side of order . A Government Gazette Extraordinary was issued on December the 4 th , which proclaimed martial law within the district of Buningyong from noori of December 6 th ; but it was specially declared that no sentence of death shduld . be carried into execution without his
Excellency s express consent . A special correspondent of the Melbourne Morning Herald says that , " About four o ' clock on the morning of December 3 rd , the military surrounded the camp formed by the armed diggers at Eureka , in which there were about 200 men . A body of mounted troopers fired over the heads of the diggers , and then the troops poured in repeated volleys , which were returned by the diggers . After firing for about ten minutes the insurgents pulled down their banner—the Southern Cross—and surrendered . The troops
immediately ceased firing , and took their prisoners . 123 prisoners were taken , and about 26 killed . I , myself , counted 21 dead bodies , all dead from gunshot wounds . A large number of tents in the vicinity of the battle-field were burned . The casualties on the part of the camp are : —1 privato of the 12 th ; 2 ditto , 40 th , killed ; Captain Wise , dangerously wounded ; Lieutenant Paul , severely ditto ; about thirty rank and file wounded . A largo number of persons were arrested ; among others Mr . Seekauip , of the Bullarat Times "
The camp of the diggers was constructed of piles of slabs collected from the neighbouring holes . The following additional particulars are from the correspondent of the Melbourne Argus : — " In the case of Captain Wise , amputation is considered necessary , he having received two wounds in the leg . Nearly all the ringleaders are taken . Fifteen are lying dead in the Eureka camp . Sixteen are dangerously wounded . A German has received five different wounds . The Eureka Camp , as well as the stores
and tents in the neighbourhood , have been burnt to the ground . The London Hotel is the chief repository for the dead and wounded . Sovoral waggons containing the wounded and the confiscated property have passed on tljo way to the camp . At present every one is as If stunneJ , and but few arc to bo seen about . Tho flag of the diggers , ' The Southern Cross , ' as well as tho ' Union Jack , ' which thoy had to hoist underneath , were captured by tho foot police . " ,
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OUR CIVILISATION . Ox tho afternoon of Saturday one of the warders of the House , of Correction , Coldbath Fields , named Cross , was desperately wounded by a prisoner named Beaumont . The injured man whs writing down the names of some of the prisoners on a elate , when , without any provocation , Bwiiimont rushed upon him and stabbed him deeply in the side , from which tho blood flowed profusely . Mr . Come , the Clerkenwoll magistrate , attended at the prison and took the deposition of Cross , whose state is cxtrcnioly precarious . .
__ _ __ , „ „„ Mr . Thomas Pettifer , n City Missionary , was on Sunday afternoon conducting the religious exercises of some pupils , when tho door was burst open , and a pistol discharged at him . On gome out into the street , Mr . Pcttifcr found William Brovvn , a youth sixteen years of age , hanging about , and , being told J , nt ho was the person who fired the pistol , he collared him ; upon which , tho boy made a shrill whistle , and brought to his assistance a mob of at least a hundred despcrato characters , armed with sticks , with which Mr . Pettifer was severely injured on the head and body . Ho was compelled to release his
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March 10 , 1855 . ] THE LEADEB . 225 ^
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EXPEDITION AGAINST THE CUBAN GOVERNMENT . A new movement is threatened in the United States against Cuba . By recent American advices we learn that the Navy Department had issued orders to New York , New Orleans , and Boston , to keep in a state of readiness certain steam vessels chartered by Government , to be used , according to general belief , against a revolutionary expedition to Cuba . The New York Herald says that Alverado Hunter is soon expected to join the Kinney expedition , and that " the Kinney volunteers are willing to risk the outside chances , suspecting , as they do , that after passing by the western end of Cuba , in the Carribbean Sea , they will tack about , turn their backs upon the Mosquito Coast , and make all sail for the eastern end of Cuba , 600 miles from Havannah and
the body of the Spanish troops . By this movement they count upon a successful landing and such a revolutionary rising as will enable them to march triumphantly from the eastern to the western extremity of the island , gathering strength as they go , like a rolling snowball . The Quitman organisation and the Fillibustering Juntas in New York and New Orleans are said to be branches of the Kinney expedition ; which is to pioneer the way . The treasury of the Fillibusters" at New Orleans , we learn , is able to command at any time a million and a half of money , and that all concerned are preparing for a terrible surprise to General Concha . You will have perceived that he is alarmed , and is enrolling the Mulattoes , and making all the usual preparations for repelling an impending invasion . English and French vessels of war are also mysteriously increasing at Havannah and that neighbourhood . "
The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post , writing on March 4 th , says : — " A despatch , received to-day from Cadiz , announces a conspiracy in Cuba for the purpose of assassinating General Concha , and furthering the invasion of the Filibusteros . Numerous arrests had taken place . A ship and munitions of war had been seized in America . " It is reported that General Concha has sent to Porto Rico for more troops . In Havannah great excitement prevailed , and new militia companies were being formed . The whole island had been declared in a state of siege , and a proclamation had been issued ,
ordering , the enlistment of all volunteers between the ages of eighteen and fifty who were capable of bearing arms . A military commission had been created for the eastern part of the island . The British ship of the line Boscaweh , and the steamer Medea , were engaged in conveying troops ; and a" decree was being enforced , prohibiting the sale of fire-arms and ammunition . Numerous arrests had been made , including , it was reported , the Governors of Matanzas , Puerto Principe , and Trinidad , the private secretary of General Concha , and the managing director of the Cardenas Railroad . General Concha had issued a
warning proclamation against insurrectionary movements . A conspiracy against the Government has been discovered in Cuba . On the 7 th ult . several persons wer . e . arrest-ed . _ at _ Hayjinnjahj charged with a design of assassinating the *' govelmor-g ^ neralr ~"" It '" 'is - "said-thafr the conspirators proposed to establish the constitution of Spain to the cry of " Long live tlje Queen !" and that Pinto , one of the conspirators , observing that •« the tree of liberty , to become fruitful , must be
watered with blood , " said that he would assassinate the captain-general in his box at the opera . Information was given to General Concha that three expeditions would arrive on the coasts of Cuba from the United States , simultaneously with the assassination . It is believed that-one part of the American expedition has already left Baltimore ; but numerous Spanish men-of-war are cruising off the coast , and the Government , it is affirmed , is fully prepared for resistance on shore .
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Leader (1850-1860), March 10, 1855, page 225, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2081/page/9/
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