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rriHE Congress at Vienna is still going on with JL its tedious forms . From all accounts , it seems probable that the first point lias in some way been settled , as well as the general acceptance of the Four Points as the starting point of the negotiation . But as the Plenipotentiaries are advancing with the minutest attention to forms , that progress threatens to ^ be slower than that-of the besiegers at Sebastop . ol . Indeed , the reports
from that quarter are so much more cheering- ^ r the English muster so much higher a number of effectives in excellent health , and the supplies and equipments are so much better and more expeditiously managed , that we might expect to hear of ( he " fall of Sebastopol" before the fall of Russia in Congress at Vienna ; only , unluckily , the Russians are making similar progress—advancing their works , increasing their supplies , and strengthening all their positions .
Although nothing definitive has ti'anspired respecting the proceedings in Congress , however , some statements have come out which are probable , and are evidently believed by those who ou ° "ht to know . One is , that Austria has so far an understanding with the Western Powers as to have agreed upon military proceedings and a declaration of war , should the proceedings of the Congress be cut short . Prussia Proper is showing signs of movements —by Prussia we mean the Nation , and not the Court . There is , though clogged as it is by a fantastical and restricted franchise , some kind of
representation in the Second Chamber ; and here the voice of the people does to a certain degree make itself heard . A Committee appointed to consider the War Estimates , lays before the Chamber the draft of a declaration expressing regret that Prussia has forfeited her position at the Congress by deviating from the course of policy which the Western Powers have upheld . Nothiri" - can be more manly than this declaration ,
or more opposed to the Court . Although a majority were not bold enough to vote the address , wo arc ablo to say , from positive knowledge , that it expresses the feeling of the Prussian people—its multitudes , its middle classes , its numerous professional classes , and its army—in other words , its numbers , wealth , headj and right arm . With such a state of feeling at home , it is quite impossible that Prussia can effectively make war on the side of Russia : and it is evident that
her people feel humiliated by the unnecessary and insincere position which her Court persists in keeping as long as possible . Several of the foreign sovereigns have been addressing their soldiers , directly . or indirectly . The Czar has been paying ' compliment on his own . part , and on that of his father , to the soldiery of Russia . The Don Cossacks he reminds
that the Emperor Nicholas loved and respected them , and-sought their welfare ; and , as a proof , he mentions that that potentate wore the uniform of a Don CossacE ! If Nicholas so far-paid tribute- to the tribe ^ Alexander the Second crowns his bounty by sending the old clothes as a present to the Doa Cossacks—one Josep h ' s coat for the million !—whereupon Punch makes merry with the present of " old cloV
The Emperor Napoleon has also been addressing his soldiers in Paris , and telling them that the military are the true nobility of the age . Many classes in this country would be disposed to contest that assertion ; yet sonictruth"is in it ; which they would do well to consider . Cardinal Wiseman enforces another truth when he tells us that the English army lacks the great element of strength , of intelligence , of national interest which is found in the French and , we may add , the Prussian army . That is a strong infusion of the middle class . The regulations practically
exclude them from our army ; limiting the military forces to the aristocracy , the very wealthy , and the extremely poor . An improved regulation would not only strengthen the army by admitting the middle classes , but would strengthen the middle classes by giving thorn an infusion of military spirit , knowledge , and sympathy . Science and economy are great things ; but , after all , military force is the ultimate arbiter of political power ; and no class can possess military power , no country can bo independent , which is not possessed of the sword .
High political subjects have taken the foremost places in Parliament this week , and have given rise to pome important Ministerial declarations . Lord Lyndhuhst has made a lucid and connected survey of the whole histoty of Prussian vacillation , from the time when Frederick the Great initiated the partition of Poland , down to the last evasions at Berlin ; a survey which drew from Lord Clarendon the admission that'he could not contradict the statement , and that Austria has been as faithful to her engagements as Prussia has been false . '
A question from Lord William Graham elicited from Lord Palmerston the formal statement that the Government of this country would not desire the partition of Hungary from Austria ; . Lord Palmerston , however , did not express similar opinions with regard to Poland . He pointed out how , by means of that country , with its numerous forces , and its great armies , Russia penetrates like a wedge between Austria and Prussia , menacing Germany ; and he suggested that it would be for the interests of Germany , and her independence , to readjust . Poland .
Another important statement made by Ministers is , that a representative constitution will be faithfully given to the island of Newfoundland . There is the more reason to believe this assurance since local self-government has been so freely conceded to all the other colonies of Great Britain . We have the rationale of another colonial question—the negotiation for the sale of Cuba to the United States . The correspondence signed by Messrs * Buchanan , Mason , and ^ Spuy ^ ^ thejrejpresentatives of the United States in England , France , and Spain , on the one side , and Mr .
Marcy , Secretary of State at Washington , on the other , will be found to consist with the statements which we made at the time respecting the meeting of the American representatives . They proposed that their Government should seek the sale of Cuba , with a plain intimation that its peaceful purchase would be better than its forcible seizure . Mr . Marcy checks , almost rebukes Mr . Soule , for making his hint so plain , and yet concludes with a suggestion so very like it , that we protest wo cannot see the difference . It was this rebuke which was the cause of Mr .
Soule ' s resignation ; but by this time the Government of Washington must have learned that Spam is not prepared to sell the island . Wednesday was duly observed as a day of prayer and humiliation—that is , shops were closed ; the working-classes had perforce a holiday , which was for some a p leasure , for others a
privation ; men in business gave or accepted invitations to dinner ; there was a service in the churches , with much solemn nonsense uttered in the pujnjit and also some striking truths . a Sunday , with a set subject for the land ; and it is hard , amongst established ministers and the bor ofs Dissenters , if there were and practised men to give polished theses on the topic of the day . iuu
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YOlr . YI . No . 261 . ] SATURDAY , MARCH 24 , 1855 . [ Price Sixpence .
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NEV / S OF THE WEEK— pack Imperial Parliament 266 The Sebastopol Committee 268 The Vienna Conferences 269 The Protest of the Prussian Representatives 269 Prussia and the Forces of the Federation 269 The " War 269 Continental Notes 271 Cuba and the United States 271 The Earthquake at Constantinople 272 Speech of Cardinal Wiseman on the War 272
The Fast Day 272 A Vision before a Fast 273 State of Trade , Labour , and the Poor 273 Health of London 274 Fall of a Bridge at Bristol 274 The Accusations against Lord Clanricarde 274 Miscellaneous ' . 274 Postscript 275 PUBLIC AFFAIRSThe Choice of Issues 276 Hungary , Italy , and Poland 276 The Fakington National Schools 277
Not the least Difficult of the-Four Points 277 Factory Labour 278 Lord Lucan 279 Hospital Boats 279 n Explanation 279 " The Stranger" in Parliament ... 280 OPEN COUNCILHints to the Admiralty 280 LITER ATURESummary 281 Richard Lalor Sheil 281
Four Novels 282 Rural Economy 283 Two " Shilling" Books 284 Books on our Table 284 THE ARTSThe Royal Gallery of Art 284 Births , Marriages , and Deaths ... 285 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSCity Intelligence , Markets , Advertisements , &c 285-288
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"The one Idea which , History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided , views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Hamaa race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—XTumboldt ' s Cosmos . ¦
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 24, 1855, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2083/page/1/
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