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iirman beings could desire was sent out in a month or o . As regarded the number of medical officers , he tated , in answer to Mr . Drummond , that nearly double ae number had been sent out that had before gone -with ny army from this country . Having been told of the ray in which the medical department was to be rerganised , he had said he could not consent to hold his ppointment under the new state of things . It was his onviction that the whole medical staff of the army hould be under the control of one department , distinct rom , not subordinate to , the " War-office . Until lately here had been a dispute as to exactly what articles the urveyor to an hospital was bound to supply on the equisition of the medical officers ; but now the regulaion was that whatever was ordered by the medical fficers in the hospitals the purveyor was bound to furish . That regulation , however , did not come into opeition unti libout October or November of last year .
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THE VIENNA CONFERENCES . rjiEAT secrecy is observed with respect to the proeedings at the Conferences , and nothing is yet fficially known ; but scraps of information ooze out , n * d conjecture supplies the gaps . The Congress , as ¦ e announced last week , met on the 15 th inst ., and ount Buol , it is said , addressed a conciliatory speech > the representatives of the Bowers . The protocol f December 28 was then read and laid on the table , nd the memorandum of January 7 was produced , rince Gortschakoff and M . de Titoff having intilatcd their readiness to treat on the basis of the > ur points , the first of these was agreed to en bloc . h runs as follows : —
" Art . 1 . Abolition of the exclusive protectorate of ussia in Moldavia and Wallachia , the privileges ac-> rded to those provinces by the Sultan being placed nder the guarantee of the five Powers . " The above is , in substance , the account given by le Times Vienna correspondent ; but the Morning ' ost , which claims to be peculiarly informed upon i . e subject , denies much of the foregoing , and says : — " The discussion of the Four Points Will be proceeded ith , as we have stated , seriatim ; but before they are
itered upon , there are , we believe , several necessary reliminaries to be yet agreed upon . On Saturday , le protocol of Thursday ' s proceedings , recording the our Points , and our interpretation of them , was gned by the Plenipotentiaries ; and the Russian mbassadors , in affixing their signatures , did so , rerving always the dignity of the Russian Empire bin any detriment . Since this , a protocol of Saturday ^ roceedings has been signed ; and in this form , from ly to day , the labours of the Conference will be re-» rded . " The great difficulty is expected to lie in the third Lrticle relative to the destruction of the Kussian ower in the Black Sea .
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THE PROTEST OF THE PRUSSIAN REPRESENTATIVES . hecommittee of the Second Chamber of-the russian Parliament , appointed to examine the bill > lative to the war estimates , has proposed an . ddress to the King , from which we extract the foliwing spirited paragraphs . They show that the sart of Prussia is on the side of honour and free-3 m , whatever may be the tendencies of its monarch id its diplomatists . After asserting that the Prussian nation fully apreciates the blessings of the forty years' peace , the . ddress proceeds : — "But the faithful people of your Majesty knows also mt there exist blessings of a higher order ; and if , in le complications with which the future is pregnant , the mntry should behold in danger its honour , its indemdence , or its position as a great Power , the Prussian iople would place itself with full devotion , with its trational fidelity , irresistible , with its blood and its posssions , by the side of your Majesty , to face nil the inncc of destiny . " In placing at the foot of the throne the assurance of ir unshaken fidelity , of our unlimited devotion , we have so another sacred duty to fulfil . "We cannot refrain from expressing the anxiety with Inch your Majesty ' s faithful people have followed during ic last ten months the policy of the Royal Government , the great European question .
" It haa seen with sorrow l ' russia leave the coinmuity of the great Powers represented last year at- the ionnu Conferences , and thereby renounce the most cfn ~ icious moans of assisting , by a firm attitude , which ould exclude every doubt , the speedy attainment of the bject so ardently desired by the whole country—a peace ( Vering durable guarantees against tho renewal of tho isturbance of established ordor iu Europe , in a manner jnformablo equally to the dignity , tho intercuts , and tho osition of Prussia as a Power , as also to tho dcclaraions mado at the commencement of the year by tho Goernment of your Majesty concerning its future lino of olicy . " Wo know how to appreciate ) to their full extent tho
difficulties of the present situation ; but in the presence of those anxieties we must express the respectful conviction that , whatever may happen , we bebold the most essential and the most indispensable guarantee of the future of Prussia in a firm and consistent line of policy . "
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PRUSSIA AND THE FORCES OF THE FEDERATIO N . The question of the mobilisation of the Federal forces , and the suspicion , openly expressed by Austria and France , that Prussia desires to create a force that shall threaten the French frontier , as a balance to the Austrian project of menacing Russia , has drawn forth from Prussia a circular dated the 8 th of March , and addressed to the Prussian representatives at the different German courts . From this we cite the subjoined paragraphs : — " You will find hereto annexed a copy of the confidential despatch which I addressed on the 2 nd March to the Minister of the King at Paris . As you will find , I was led thereto by the circumstance that the attitude taken by the Envoy of the King , at the sittings of the Diet , had become the subject of criticism of a foreign government , which the government of the King considers incompatible with the dignity and independence of Germany . " The motives of the resolution of the Diet of the 8 th February are clear and evident . If , then , at a later period , it was attempted not to ignore them , but to give them another signification—in other words , if a measure , the object of which was to strengthen Germany at home aud abroad , without making any demonstration for the moment ,. was interpreted later as a demonstration in one sense only—it was necessary in principle to contest the
right of efforts made in that sense . This is what the Royal Envoy did at the German Diet . Does that constitute a demonstration in another sense ? Not the least in the world . Matters would be far gone indeed in Germany if a call for the safety and independence of the German . Confederation , at so threatening a moment in Europe , should be interpreted as a provocation against a foreign state , and reproached as a crime . For our part , at least , we are of the opinion that such a call was far too highly conformable to the dignity of Germany to need a corrective , and especially one resulting from treaties with which the German . Confederation had nothing to do , and the practical bearing of which it does not understand at the present moment .
"We have reason to believe that many of our German allies share this view of the subject ; without this , probably the motives of the resolution of the 8 th February would never -have been adopted either in the committees or in the Federal Assembly by a majority which borders on unanimity . If , later , a foreign interpretation had not been given to those motives , the Royal Envoy would not have found himself in the necessity of re-establishing them in their primitive generality , which did not contain a demonstration in any sense whatever . "
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The week , with respect to the war , has been for the most part a week of conjecture and rumour . We have been conjecturing about the Vienna conferences , and to but little purpose ; and we have been conjecturing whether the Emperor Alexander will declare himself for peace or war , and a Babel of contradictory statements has been our answer . It may be said , however , that the major part of our information with respect to his acts and words goes in favour of the supposition that he will prefer the sword to the olive-branch . With respect to the condition of hostilities in the Crimea , Rumour has talked of a very grave defeat of the Turks at Eupatoria ; but it appears now , even upon the showing of tho Russians themselves , that the old lady has , as usual , overshot her mark , and that the affair was
not nearly so serious as at first supposed . The firing of Scbastopol by the French , which we noticed last week , has also melted down very considerably ; and we do not seem at present to bo any nearer to tho reduction of the fortress , though tlie Times correspondent hints mysteriously at pending operations . On the other hand , the Russians are not idle , nor do they confine themselves to mere defence , but are now engaged upon forming counter-approaches towards those of tho Allies , apparently with the design of besieging the besiegers . The French are said to be rather uneasy at their position over Inkcrmann ; and our right being menaced by the Russians , tho whole of the 9 th division of the French army has been moved there to strengthen the position . The French attack on the Malakhoff Tower arose out of tho now Russian manoeuvre . It wns gallantly executed , but failed . Tho stato of tho allied camp has greatly improved , and the clothing ,. hutting , &c , for want of which the men perished by thousands in tho winter , are now to bo found in abundance , Tho defensivo lino over Bulnklava has been strengthened ; and
Balaklava itself is quite transformed , and , it is said , greatly improved by the progress of the railway . DESPATCH FROM LORD RAGLAN . A despatch from . Lord Raglan , dated March 8 , has been received by Lord Panmure . We quote from it the annexed paragraphs :- — " My Lord , —The enemy continue to manifest great activity iri preparing the work which I mentioned to your lordship in my despatch ( No . 187 ) , and are now bringing up . platform timber and guns for the equipment and armament of it . " Vast convoys are daily observed arriving on the north side of the town ; and I learn , from information entitled to credit , that the road leading from Simpheropol is covered with waggons laden with provisions and munitions of war .
" This morning three British guns , placed in a battery overhanging the Tchernaya , opened upon two small steamers anchored at the head of the harbour , and , after a fire of about an hour , obliged them to take refuge behind a point . One of them appeared to have sustained considerable damage , and is supposed to have been deserted by her crew . "
THE FRENCH ATTACK ON THE MAIAKHOFF TOWER . The subjoined is the account given by the Daily News correspondent : — " Since the French have taken a share in the right attack , they have been considerably advancing the works destined to act against the shipping in the Great Harbour . To counteract this aggressive advance , and to protect the ships , the Russian engineers , with great alertness , had contrived to throw up a redoubt and covered way between the shipping and French batteries . They were extending this work across the brow of the hill by flying sap , and the intention was manifest of connecting the whole , by works across the ravine known as the Right Ravine , with the batteries around the Malakhoff or Round Tower . The enemy was thus in turn advancing upon the ground which we held in possession . The necessity was obvious of interrupting , if possible , these engineering operations .
" Between two and three o ' clock a . m . on the morning of the 24 th , the French force , between 4000 and 5000 strong , consisting of two battalions of the 2 nd regiment of Zouaves , one battalion of the 3 rd regiment of Zouaves , and a body of the Infanterie de Marine , advanced in two columns against the enemy . The night was dark , the sky being obscured by clouds , but quiet . Orders had been given that not a shot should be fired ; and , to ensure this being -carried out , the _ French general had caused all the firelocks 6 f his men to be uncapped : they were to drive otlt the enemy at ^ fbTe point of the bayonet . After marching for some distance in front of the French advanced works , they came upon a cross ravine , running nearly east and west ; this they descended , and succeeded
in . mounting to the opposite side without meeting any opposition . Having formed ready for the charge , they soon came upon some of the Russian sentries , who at once fired and fell back . The French troops rushed upon the work , which they entered , but the enemy was found prepared and in immense force . A tremendous fire of musketry was poured into the assailants , and kept up with wonderful steadiness and vigour . The French Troopsr da ' shed'against their enemies with the bayonet ; but it was at once evident that the numbers opposed to them were too great to be driven away , and At the
the order was therefore given to beat a retreat . same time there was a tremendous discharge of shells from the works around the Malakhoff Tower , from the lunette battery on the west side of Careening Bay , from the ships below , and also from the batteries near tho Inkerman west-light . The air was illumined by the discharge and the bursting of these missiles . They were thrown in every direction along which it might be supposed reinforcements were coming to the French troops . The Russians kept up for some distance their fire of musketry , the shells and round shot passing harmlessly over their heads . Tho French succeeded in ascertaining
the direction and nature of the work , and also destroyed it in part ; but their loss has been very great . The number of casualties , in killed and wounded , is stated to be about 400 . " The correspondent of the Morning Post says : — " I am told that electric lights wcro p laced on the attack as a guidance to the batteries and shipping which played on the French , among whom it caused considerable confusion —the light being thrown occasionally upon them , and then taken off , in the one case dazzling the troops , and in tho other throwing them into a darkness which might almost be felt . This was very unfortunate , as tho French had just imported a similar invention which was not quite ready for adoption .
The Zouaves are greatly inconsed ngainst the Marines , who retreated , it is said , with such prccipitation and panic that they actually flrcd into the Zouaves . Rumour spoakB of a disclosure of the French plan of attack by epics as one of the main causes of failure . The Times , in a summary of the attack , says : — " Tho Russians were 10 , 000 strong , and tho unfortunate Zouaves fell into a regular ainbuHcado . Nevertheless such was tho dauntless valour of these troopu that
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Mabch . 24 , 1855 . ] TgE LEAD ' BB . 269
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THE WAR .
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Leader (1850-1860), March 24, 1855, page 269, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2083/page/5/
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