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^ T-v "/ TtY /^ ^ iP vf J ^ e a u c r .
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"The one Idea which History exhibits a 3 evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men t > yprejudice and one-aided views ; and bjr setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—Humboldt ' s Cosmos .
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NiWS OF THE WEEK— ** o « I Imperial Parliament 386 The Sebastopol Committee 389 The War 390 The Vienna Conference 392 Mr . Layard at Liverpool 392 Departure of the Emperor 393 More Army Scandals 393 Health of London during the Week 393 Naval and Military News 393 The Paris Exhibition 394
Continental Notes 394 Our . Civilisation 394 Miscellaneous 395 Postscript 395 PUBLIC AFFAIRSAre we to have an Aristocracy ? 396 Revelations of - the War Mi nistry 396 Reconstruction of the Indian Army 397 The Moral of the Reception last Week .. 39 S
The Crisis of Diplomacy . 399 CopyriRht in News 399 " The Stranger" in Parliament ... 400 LITERATURESummary 401 Les Idees Nai > oleoniennc 3 402 A Batch of Books 403 Wanderings in Corsica 403 PORTFOLIOEugenie 404
THE ARTSRoyal Italian Opera 404 Drury Lane and the Haymarket 404 Births , Marriages , and Deaths ... 405 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSCity Intelligence , Markets , Advertisements , &c 405-40 S
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VCXL . VI . No . 266 . ] SATURDAY , APRIL 28 , 1855 . [ Price Sixpence .
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TJV-ERYTHIN"G converges to apolitical crisis . _ L / The evidence of the Duke of Newcastle discloses the totally disorganised state of the public departments . Lord Palmerston took the lead of the Government to introduce vigour and sincerity into our war administration : he has not proved equal to the task . It is no reproach to him that he is not ; his age is not in fault . We believe-that no man can do the work thrust upon him , except he be prepared to take a totally new position ; to break entirely with the organised upholders of the present corrupt " system , " to claim a support from the country . Mr . Layard has laid upon the table of the House of Commons a series of resolutions which he is to move . They correctly describe the actual situation : we do but follow their words , and state the one notorious fact , when we say , that the manner hv which fitness- and efficiency have been sacrificed to party and family influences , and to a blind adherence to routine , in the appointments to the great offices of State , of diplomacy , of the army , and other branches of the public service , is destructive to the best interests of the commonwealth . It has already given rise to grave misfortunes , threatens to bring discredit upon our national character , and to involve the country in serious disasters . It will not be denied , by any but the purely official mind , that at all times the administration of public a / Fairs should be entrusted to those best qualified to discharge the duties imposed upon them ; how much the more necessary , therefore , it is , that such should bo the case at a moment of great national emergency . At such ¦ a moment , then , Mr . Layabd invites the House of Commons to make this declaration : —That this House will give its support to any Ministry , which , ia the present emergency , shall propose to itself no other object but the efficiency of the public service in every branch , and the vigorous ^ prosecution of the war , as the only means of securing an honourable and lasting peace Parliament has been engaged this week in exposing its total inefficiency and insipidity . Of " business" it has done little , —trifling with " deceased wife ' s sister , " pottering over newspaper stamps , and doing as it is bidden , " postponing " decisions like a bankrupt schoolboy;—but asking
the news from Ministers as recognised editors of the " latest" telegraph for the evening . The most like real business has been the second reading of the Cambridge Reform Bill in the House of Lords , without opposition : the discussion is to be taken in committee . The Chancellor promises amendments , which we hope will include a freer constitution . Lord Lyndhuust lost the opportunity to pass a eulogy on the old " solid" system of University education . Does he know what a " passman's" education was ? Surely it is time to have done with such cant . Oxford Convocation has passed by a very small majority a statute exempting Dissenters from the Divinity Examination . Mr . IIeywood , attempting a further removal of academical and scholastic tests , in the House of Commons , got upon a mud-bank of technicalities and foundered . The Articles ai * e still to be signed by Masters of Arts " with a smile or with a sigh . " _ T . hc . WarBudget was scarcely before the whole public , ere we had the report that " Russia " had broken off the Conference at Vienna ; and that report was preceded rather than accompanied by another more painful , that Austria showed signs of departing from her good faith in the alliance ; while the opening of the telegraph from Balaldava to London discloses the ominous fact that the siege had proceeded down to the 25 th without any material change . This state of affairs increases the feeling of uneasiness and dissatisfaction in the public . The position of Russia appears to be characteristic and very intelligible . The course of the concessions will bo remembered , Russia had consented to negotiate upon the basis of the Four Points , and the first Protocol of the Plenipotenliai-ies recorded that first step in their proceedings . The Plenipotentiaries then pi'oceeded to consider the four points separately . Russia provisionally accepted the principle involved in the two first—the withdrawal of her intervention in the Principalities , and the complete freedom of the Danube navigation ; but on the third pointthe reduction of Russian power in the Black Sea — her Plenipotentiaries professed a necessity of referring home for instructions . This is extraordinary , since the point was , of course , involved in " the Four Points , " and it might have been supposed that the Plenipotentiaries had at least enough information respecting the views of their own Government provisionally to accept
that principle as a basis of further negotiations . For to such acceptance the first admission of any one of the points only amounted . The nature of the further instructions" is disclosed in the fact , that the Russian Plenipotentiaries declined to make any proposition upon the third point , and there the Conferences were broken off " . The chief Plenipotentiaries of France and England , Lord John Russell and M . Drouyn de Lhuys , were expected to leave Vienna" Monday ; but on Thursday they l'eport from that capital that the departure of M . Dkouyn he Lhuys had been delayed , and that Russia had made new propositions , which the Allies summarily rejected . For the moment this last report possesses peculiar interest beyond that which appears on the face of it . It seems to bear collaterally upon the position of Austria . The Austrian Government was the moving cause of these Conferences ; the Western Powers having been quite prepared to proceed without further negotiation ; and , indeed , it may be said that it was Austria who converted -tho '' qtiestion- 'of-tho--PrincipaUtieaJnto .... a _ jlHHictly _ European question . From the first the interests of Europe were involved ; but , as the case was treated by the Western Powers , the action remained , to a certain extent , local ; the attack upon Russia . in the north being only an auxiliary proceeding , and not involving any but purely Russian territory . It was at the request of Austria that the Allic 3 considerably moderated th-iiv demands upon Russia ; and these concessions were no doubt made under the impression tli . it Austria was meeting the Western Powers more than half-way , first in pressing coercive demands upon Russia ; and , secondly , in preparing to act with arms if Russia should refuse compliance . Russia has refused compliance ; and now it id reported that Austria , instead of preparing for instant action , deliberates and debates . It is said that she put to the Allies the question , whother enough had not been gained by the Russian evacuation of tho Principalities and of the Bl . uk Sea , and by tho excited jealousy of Genmmy against the advances of Russia in the northern part of Kurope ? There is no statement that Au . st .-ia appears to be in direct and separate communication with Russia , or this new uttitmto on her part would unquestionably assume Mta blackest character . Tho renewal of tho oiler cm tho part of Russia afforded an opportunity for 'Jio Allies again to present themselves side by akin ; and there ia no evidence tha , t Austria tool : a rtif-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 28, 1855, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2088/page/1/
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