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the effect of the fire , which has been continued with little or no interruption from the commencement , and has been superior to that of the enemy , who were evidently taken by surprise , and , except upon the extreme left , did not respond to the attack for . nearly half an hoar . Thi s morning has been hazy , and for some time there was a drizzling rain ; but it is clearing this afternoon , and there is again a prospect of fine weather . The country yesterday was covered with water , and the ground was again very deep . The trenches were likewise extremely muddy , and their condition added greatly to the labours of the men employed in the batteries , who consisted chiefly of sailors , artillerymen , and sappers .
They conducted their duties admirably , and I am sorry to say that the two former , particularly the navy , sustained considerable loss . I have not yet received the returns of the casualties beyond the 9 th instant , which are herewith enclosed ; but the death of Lieutenant Twyford , of the Royal Navy , a most promising officer , and greatly respected by all , has been notified to me ; and Captain Lord John Hay , who has taken a most active part in the gallant and distinguished services of the Naval Brigade , was wounded almost at the very moment , I believe by the same shot . I hope the injury he has received is not very serious , but the loss of his assistance even for a time is much to be regretted . The Russians have not shown themselves in any force
in front of Balaklava . I have , &c , Raglax . The Lord Panmure , &c . Before Sebastopol , April 14 . My Lord , —Since I wrote to your Lordship on the 10 th inst ., a steady and heavy fire upon the works of the enemy has been maintained from all the batteries of the Allies . The fire of the British artillery , chiefly directed against the Garden Batteries , the Barrack Battery , the Redan , the Malakhoff Tower , and the Mamelon , has been most effective , and the enemy ' s works have suffered very considerably , although they have , as usual , made a good use of the night to repair damages , notwithstand - ing that the vertical fire has been continued throughout the twenty-four hours .
The practice both of the Naval Brigade and the Artillery has been excellent . The casualties have not been very numerous , but the loss has fallen heavily upon the sailors , as your Lordship will see by the accompanying returns , and the Koyal Navy has to deplore the death of Lieutenant Douglas , who had served with great ability and zeal from the commencement of the siege . Lieutenants Urmstonand D'Aeth , Royal Navy , and Steele , Royal Marine Artillery—all valuable officershave been wounded .
The Royal Artillery has also to lament the death of Lieutenant Luce , who was an officer of much promise ; andXteS ^ ants"Sinclair "' aird '" L'Estraiige-aTe--among-the wounded . The former has sustained several severe injuries ; but I am happy to add that there ia every hope of his recovery . They are both highly meritorious officers . Captain Crofton , of the Royal Engineers , who had in the course of the protracted operations before Sebastopol rendered most essential service , has also received a wound , which will , I fear , detain him from duty for a very considerable time . Our batteries and parapets continue to stand remarkably well , notwithstanding the very unfavourable state of the weather . >
The enemy's fire has been comparatively slack , but the practice good , and , owing to their having ascertained the range of our batteries with great nicety , several guns have been disabled in both the right and left attacks . Towards the Tchernaya nothing important has been observed , but small bodies of men , from 150 to 500 , have been seen , with a heavy gun , and some ordnance carriages , moving along the Inkerman heights towards Mackenzie's Farm-road , near which it has been placed in position . Although the duties have been unusually severe and arduous , both by day and night , during the week , they have been carried out with the utmost cheerfulness ami zeal , reflecting much credit both on officers and men .
The submarine telegraph has been safely brought to the Monastery from Capo Kalegra ; and as soon as it is established at the former placo , tho engineers will proceed to convey it from the latter to tho immediate neighbourhood of Varna , whero I hope it may bo in a state to act in a week or ten days from this time . Tho first division of the 10 th Hussars arrived this day at Balaklava . I have , &c , The Lord Panmure , &c . Kaolan .
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WAR MISCELLANEA . Polish Soldier ^ in the Sbuvicm of Fhanck . t-A letter written from Saintes to the Courrier de Marseille , Bays : —• " I have already informed you that a number of Polish priaonere had enlisted in our army . On tho 18 th , 188 of these volunteers left the Islo of Aix for Marseilles , whore they are to embark . A detachment of 62 men ,
with two women and three children , are proceeding to Bastia , to join the d ^ pot of the 2 nd Regiment of the Foreign Legion , and another detachment of 138 men and two women will be conveyed to Constantinople , where they are to be incorporated with a Turkish legion in the service of France . " The Eaiu , of Perth has published in the" daily papers a letter in defence of his son , Lord Forth ( late of the 42 nd Regiment ) , whose conduct in the Crimea has been the subject of various unpleasant allusions . In this letter , the retirement or dismissal of Lord Forth from the service is attributed to an altercation with his
colonel on being ordered to go into the trenches , his lordship refusing , on account of ill-health , to go until he had had his dinner . On being taunted with cowardice , he changed his mind . " This most unfortunate altercation , arising , I deplore to say , " writes the Earl , " in great measure from my son ' s inattention to his military duty , and want of subordination to the orders of Colonel Cameron , has been the foundation of the many anonymous , slanderous , and absurd falsehoods which have been so uncharitably set about regarding Him , and which it was out of my power to deny until I had ascertained from various persons who were on the spot , and from Colonel Cameron himself , the truth of this most
painful affair . " The Russian Army at Riga . —A communication from Riga in the Daily News says : — "A regiment of Baschklrs , about 800 strong , has marched into this city , but will be sent on in a few days to watch the coast near the Prussian frontiers . Their head-quarters Avill be at Liebau . This is the first detachment of Asiatic troops that we have yet seen ; others are to follow . They come from Orenburg , a distance of 2000 miles , and have been nearly six months on the march . They are line-looking men , with small , scrubby horses , longhaired but active . The men are armed with a lance ,
gun , sabre , and pistol , like the Cossacks , and wear a white caftan , embroidered with red , and lined with sheepskin . Their head-dress consists of a high fur cap with a red tuft on the top . The officers wear a uniform of blue and white , and their sabres , of the real Damascus manufacture , are richly ornamented and inlaid witji gold . The movements of troops in this neighbourhood are going on with great activity . Sites have been selected for four different entrenched camps , which will shortly be commenced . " __ Hertfordshire Heroes . —Sir Edward Buhver Lytton , in recentlv delivering an address to the members of
the Literary Institution of Buntingford , a small town in Hertfordshire , said ;— "We , in this county , have had our share in the national glory and the national grief . My nephew assisted to place in a soldier ' s grave the gallant and promising son of that true country gentleman , Mr . Delme Radcliffe , who , like the Roman of old , is about to send forth another son to supply the loss his country has sustained . More recently , Major'Powell , the distinguished son of a respected neighbour at Welwyn , and Ensign Clutterbuck , of a family which Hertfordshire has other causes to esteem , have also fallen . Honour to their memories !' - " "
What the Baltic Battering-Vessels will have to Bear . —Lord Dundonald , writing to the Times , 8 ay 3 : — " fhe iron-encased battering-vessels , whereon the vis viva of average shot of half a hundredweight shall be suddenly arrested , are subject , at the battering distance of 500 yards , to a shock equivalent to the crush of 60 odd tons' weight falling through 16 feet . How many such shodks will each iron-encased vessel ' s frame sustain ? As to the fragile steam-gunboats , they do not merit notice in operations of such magnitude . " Accounts from Lima ( Peru ) to the 11 th of March , received vid New York , state that a vessel , said to be Russian , but under Argentine colours , had been seized by the British Admiral on the Pacific station , and that a number of Russian sailors had volunteered to serve on board the British ships of war bound for Petropaulovski . The Crimea is now flooded , and the Russians find the transport of troops and material extremely difficult .
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THE VIENNA CONFERENCE . Tub Times of Friday , in a telegraphic despatch from Vienna , says that the Conferences were resumed on Thursday , in consequence of the Russians intimating that they would make new propositions . These , however , were rejected by the Allies ; and M . Drouyn do LhuyH was to leave , it ia said , on Friday . We read the following in the Daily News : — " The record of tho recent Congress lias been closed , and , nevertheless , tho Austriun Government announced on Wednesday , through its accustomed organ , tho
Correspondence , that 'tho conferences arc not terminated , but will continue without interruption , ' and that 'the language of tho Engltah and French plenipotentiaries is of a nature to second tho work of peace . ' Tho lending part in tho work which Lord Westmoreland ia said to bo seconding is , of course , tukou by Austria . The Jndependance of Brussels states that Austria is at this moment seeking , avec grand clisir , to find a middle term between the rejected proposition of the Allies and tho also rejected counter-proposition of tho Russian plenipotentiaries . Lord Puhnorston ' o statement that Russia made no counter-proposition related—says tho
Jndependance—simply to the proceedings at the twelfth and last conference , when Prince Gortschakoff and M . Titoff having reported the rejection of the French and English demands , found that the whole circuit of di plomatic expedients had been travelled . " Lord John Russell left Vienna on Monday .
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MR . LAYARD AT LIVERPOOL . The owners of the Liverpool and Melbourne " Black Ball" line of Australian packets , entertained Jfr . Layard on Saturday at a banquet on board the new American clipper ship , Donald M'Kay . Mr . S Mackay , one of the firm , occupied the chair ; and among the guests was Mr . Nathaniel Hawthorne , the celebrated American author , now a consul at Liver pool . Mr . Layard . made a long speech , in whi ch , after giving a sketch of his career , and of his introduc . tion to public life , he touched upon the " Four Points , " which he did not think a sufficient object to struggle for . He said : —
" Let us take the First Point , which is the most important . What are we going to pledge ourselves to ? Instead of giving Wallachia , Moldavia , and Servia one master , we arc going to give them four—not truly four , because neither France nor England could have a voice in the -subject ; you are going to place these three provinces under a double despotism—that of Russia and Austria . I know many of the leading men in Wallachia and Moldavia ; and you may have seen recentl y in the papers an expression of their feeling towards the Austrian Government . Not even the despotism of Russia is more feared there than the despotism of Austria ; and if you once admit Austria as a protective
Power over them , you would ruin every chance of securing popular liberty , and would ultimately put an end to British industry in those provinces . ( Cheers ) I have not so much interest in Moldavia and JVallachia as in Servia . She ( Servia ) holds the most important position in the East . The Servians are a Sclavonic people , the same race as the Russians , one of the most remarkable in Europe . I have been intimately acquainted with them ; I was there in 1842 , when the revolution broke out . I was in an official capacit } ' there , and took part in that revolution , so that I know what the Servians are . There is no race in the East more calculated to bring forward the energies of the Christians in
the East than the Servians . That province is the nucleus to which every Christian Sclavonic race looks in the East ; and if we knew our true position , and had statesmen at the head of affairs who understand their business , and have an intimate acquaintance with the subjects with which they have to treat , they would not sacrifice Servia to Austria and Russia . ( CheersS ) In the first place , Russia had no protectorate over Servia ; she had merely a guarantee that the liberties of the Servians should be respected by Turkey . Why , the Turks never infringed their liberties ; but who did ? The Russian government . And who has also endeavoured to iifringe them ? The Austrian government . You may
remember the protest which was published last year , a 7 id ' * wHi cli' ~ was * ''lard '^ biBfoTe "" th ' o" ^ Ho « se-rof---Coinm « i « . You well know the indignant feeling with which Servia viewed our countenancing an Austrian protectorate over her . If you keep her free , and do away with this wretched protectorate , I believe you will find in Servia a great means of regenerating the East . It is to Servia we must look for the true solution of this question ; and I therefore ask , if you place these people under this quintuple or quadruple protectorate , what have you done for civilisation ? What have you done for the rest of the Christians in the East ? What have you done towards a true solution of this question ?"
With respect to the free navigation of the Danube , Mr . Loynrd said , that never could be secured as long as Russia retains the whole of the nortli bank . He denounced our having allied ourselves with Austria , who , ho said , he had always prophesied would fail us ; and then passed to a consideration of the nature and tendencies of the present government , and of our parliamentary and military systems . " A calculation has been made of the number of persons in tho House of Commons who arc either sent by rotten boroughs , or who have been sent to Parliament by constituencies which have no views of their own , but are compelled to send members of great families ; and I believe it consists of only one-third of the House—enough , however , to turn any question .
There arc nine members of the present Cabinet members of tho House of Lords against four in tho Commons . Of course , under these circumstances , every question u decided , both in tho Cubinet and in the House , by tn « voice of those who are not tho representatives of the people . Ih that being governed by ourselves i l sav ' decidedly not , and that tho system U bad and false . Even under Lord Aberdeen ' s Government , this state <* things did not exist ; at least we had a fuir admixture * members of the House of Commons ; but now , even in tho petty placo of Chairman of Ways and Means , LW Palmeraton cannot go out of the narrow circle j nta , with tho exception of Mr . Smith , we have not ono man that represents any class of what we may call the people of England . I say that it is scandalous , and cannoi exist . iChevrs . - ) . . . What have I heard in the bel > Mtopol Committee every day ? I never cun get beyond t «*
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392 T H E LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), April 28, 1855, page 392, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2088/page/8/
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