On this page
-
Text (4)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius still continues . A correspondent of the Morning Post says : — " Occasionally huge red-hot stones are thrown up , and at night a red glare tints the huge volume of smoke , producing a grand effect . But on the present occasion the lava streams from the exhausted and hitherto long-tranquil Somma , which is the detached portion , almost coequal in height with the circular old cone , from whence all the -modern eruptions have issued . The pprtion of the mountain at present called Somma was originally united , in all probability , with the existing cone , and hitherto active .
The grand eruption of 79 , narrated by Pliny , no doubt materially altered the form of Vesuvius . From that period , history records a series of convulsions up to the present time , number ing nearly forty , the most important of which are those of 79 , 203 , 472 , 502 , 1036 , 1449 , 1500 , 1631 , 1794 , 1834 , and 1849 ; the latter having all issued from the same cone or black crater , which forms a circuit of 5600 feet . This portion of the mountain is now perfectly tranquil . The eruption will , in all probability , last some days , until , as on former occasions , the accumulated volcanic action of the mountain
has exhausted itself . " The Daily News Correspondent says : — " The lava has now advanced ten miles from its source , and is doing terrible damage . I have before me the report of Cozzolino as to the latest changes which have taken place about the cone . Just at the base of it a lake of fire has been formed , which looks like a red sea in an undulatory state . In the very centre of this has opened another crater , which is throwing out red-hot stones . On the morning of the 7 th , the crater , at the very summit , after
fired , as it were , two heavy cannonades ; and , sending forth lightning , flames , and stones , broke up altogether . In the middle of the cone , ten craters have been formed , and from these the lava pours forth like a river , and runs on the side of the Cavallo as far as the Minatore . Here four other craters have been formed , which throw up bitumen in the manner of pyramids , and resemble gigantic exhibitions of fireworks . The whole of the summit of the crater is , therefore , like a sponge , and must inevitably fall in . "
A letter from Galatz , of the 26 th ult ., in the Corrnere Italiano ef Vienna , says : — " Yesterday evening , the consulates of Sweden and Norway , Holland , Naples , and the Hanse Towns , received a despatch from General Luders , dated from Kischeneff , the 19 th , notifying that the Emperor Alexander , from motives of equity , has extended the authorisation for the free export of corn J > y the mouths of the Danube to all flags friendly and neutral in the present war , on the same bases and with the same formalities as agreed upon with the Austrian Cabinet . This despatch of the Russian General is a reply to a request presented on the 2 nd April by these consulates to be informed relative to the navigation of the Lower Danube . " The Austrian Gazette contains a letter from Galatz , which states that on the 1 st May there had arrived there not less than 400 vessels , of which 120 were Austrian .
A letter from St . Petersburg , in the BoerseiHialle of Hamburg , states that the companj' of maritime assurances for the White Sea , formed in 1848 , has been obliged to wind up its affairs in consequence of the blockade of last year . The last detachment of the Austrian troops quartered in Tuscany , consisting of a battalion of chasseurs , and a squadron of hussars , left Florence on the 6 th . The Grand Duke and the princes accompanied the officers a part of the way .
The amendment to the Convents Suppression Bill , accepted by tlio Sardinian Government , and passed by the Senate , doc-lures that those convents , the members of which are not devoted to the worlc of preaching , teaching , or ministering to the sick , no longer exist in Piedmont as moral corporations ; the estates of such religious houses will bo appropriated to the ecclesiastical fund , from which the curds receive a portion of their salaries . Members of existing religious communities will receive an allowance .
We rc : i ( l in the Paris correspondence of the Daily News : — " General Lamare , whose name will be familiar to Peninsular officors as the colonel of engineera who conducted the defence of Budajoz , has just died at Fontainebleau , at the ago of eighty . Ho was one of the most eminent engineering olllcers in France . After tho peace , he was successively appointed to tho ' direction of the fortifications of Buyonne , Rochollo , and Havre . He was at one time a prisoner of war in England , and it is narrated that Napoleon I . ( under circumstances of which I am not aware ) showed his great attachment to him , by personally providing means for his escape . Napoleon HI . appointed him in 1852 Governor of tho Palace of
Fontainebloau , which post he held up to the time of his death . General Luinuro was known us tho author of several military works , and amongst others tho history of the sieges of Olivcnca , Budujo / ., and Cumpo-Muyor . " Wo derive tho following from tho name Hourco : — " Tho Government , in concert with tho municipality of Paris , has sought in tho approaching Universal Kxhibition an excuse for modifying , in a slight degree , tho thoroughly unsound legislation in pursuance of which tho bakery of Paris havo for a long time punt been compelled to soil broad under tho market price . Tho expense incurred by the city of Paris in muking up the difference to tho bak « rs haa boon frightful ; and tho season
unfortunately gives no promise of coming cheapness of corn . It is now ingeniously said , that inasmuch as the system supposes that whenever the good time of plenty comes the people will be called upon to pay a little more than the value of their bread to make up for their haying eaten it at a comparatively cheap rate in time of scarcity , it would not be just that the many foreigners expected in Paris this year should enjoy the loaf at the artificially low price . Therefore the price of the 21 b . loaf is raised from 40 c . to 45 c . ; but in order to secure the benefit of the original system to the poor , tickets called " difference
tickets" will be issued by the mayors , under certain regulations , to persons applying for them , authorising bakers to deliver bread to the persons indicated at the old price . The tickets will not be transferable , and must be renewed every fortnight . It is hoped that the abuses so much complained of formerly may be avoided . " Negotiations are still going on at Vienna , according to the papers of that city . It is said that Baron Bourqueney , Lord Westmoreland , and the Turkish plenipotentiaries , have frequent and protracted interviews with Count Buol .
A conference was held at Berlin on the 12 th ( according to the German papers ) between M . Manteuffel , President of the Prussian Cabinet , Count Esterhazy , Ambassador of Austria , and M . Bismark , who represents Prussia in the Germanic Diet . A union between Austria and Prussia for an armed neutrality is said to be becoming more and more probable ; and it is added that Prussia , with a view thereto , is to support the proposition which Austria is about to make in the Diet for the mobilisation of the federal contingents . There is some prospect of an interview taking place at the end of the month at Cracow between the King of Prussia and the Emperor of Austria .
A very remarkable article appears in the Siecle—an article so bold in its language towards Austria and Prussia as to induce the supposition that it must speak under Government sanction . The writer points out that Austria has done more harm by her so-called friendly offices than she could have effected by her opposition ; and she is plainly accused of aiding the enemy rather than us . The article concludes with the following startling sentence applied to Austria and Prussia : — "Against the neutrality of these powers we have nothing to oppose : against their hostility we should have the nationalities ; we should have—why should we fear to say it ?—the revolution . 1 ' ' The Austrian Gazette asserts that the agitation in the Ukraine is not yet suppressed . The St . Petersburg correspondent of La Presse says that the disorders are being composed by the concessions of the Government .
A letter from Vienna , in the Dresden Journal , says : — " Count Coronini , who has left Bucharest for Orsova , is only gone thither on family affairs , and will return to the former place in a few days . There has lately been much talk at Bucharest of the discovery of a political conspiracy , but the persons arrested appear to be only secondary agents . It is reported that papers of a compromising character have been found in the possession of those arrested , and it is supposed that Kossuth is somewhat connected with these proceedings . " We learn from Frankfort that a despatch , dated from
St . Petersburg , 30 th ult ., addressed to the Russian Minister at Darmstadt , states that Russia considers tha < - the understanding which was come to in the Conferences of Vienna on the first two points of guarantee is a useful result for Germany . In thus separating German interests from the Eastern conflict , the Cabinet of St . Petersburg , says the despatch , relies on the States of the Confederation persisting in a strict neutrality , for it is only on that condition that Russia will consider herself bound to maintain tho interpretation which she gives to the results acquired at the Conferences of Vienna .
The Corriere Italiano , of Vienna , says that the Russian Government has lately been treating Poland with remarkable leniency , and that reforms arc talked of . If this be true , it would seem that tho Csjnr is coaxing his Polish subjects to make them stand by him . The jSultan has signed the decree abolishing the capitation tax . The same decree subjects the Christian subjects of tho Sultan to the conscription , and renders them eligible for promotion in the army . A special tax will bo imposed on those who do not servo . The King of Prussia is recovering his health .
Untitled Article
HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Iicgistrar-Gencra fs Weekly lie turn . ") This returns of mortality continue to show tho effect produced on tho public health by an ungenial spring . Tho number of deaths recortfed in London in the wcok that ended lnnt Saturday was 11 HJJ , almost tho ( wmc as that of tho preceding week . If the deaths had been tho sumo in proportion to population as , taking tho avcrngo , they wore at tho beginning of May in the ten years 1845-54 , they would not have been more than 1071 . During tho last fortnight , tho excess of deaths has boon about 15 in a day above tho estimated number . Tho mean tomporaturo has been more or lows below tho average evory day , except two , since tho 20 th of April , and last Saturday it was 9 dogs , loss than tho average . Tho total number of dcatha referred last weok to dinonrtes of tho respiratory organs was 225 ; tho avorago number iu corresponding weeka of previous yours ,
corrected for increase of population , was 176 . Of those 225 cases , 94 were caused by bronchitis , and 95 by pneumonia ; and the close coincidence which appears iu the results of the last two weeks deserves to be noticed , for each of these diseases was in the previous week fatal in 94 cases . In the colder weeks of winter , bronchitis always had a large majority . 28 persons died last week of small-pox , 8 of whom were above 20 . years of age . Scarlatina carried off 35 children , hooping-cough 47 , croup 10 , measles only 9 . The mortality from phthisis was great , 182 persons having sunk under that malady . Four deaths from scarlatina occurred in Islington East ; and a man died of " English cholera , " after a short illness , in Bethnal-green . ~ - Last week , the births of 909 boys and 769 girls , in all 1678 children , were registered in London . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1845-54 , the averago number was 1472 .
Untitled Article
NAVAL AND MILITARY NEWS . The Shipwreck of the John . —The inquiry into the causes of this dreadful calamity has terminated in the following report to the Board of Trade : —" That the ship was provided with four boats , three of which were efficient , the other doubtful ; that the life-boat was neither stowed in the proper place , nor prepared for immediate service , as directed by the act , and to these circumstances , probably , the staving and loss of the lifeboat , and the delay in endeavouring to get out the long boat , are to be attributed . —That , with the exception of one signal lantern , there were no means on board the ship of making a signal of distress by night . —That , with respect to the above deviation from the provisions of the
Passenger Act , we consider that the Government emigration officers and owners of the ship are culpable .- —That either from the ignorance or gross and culpable negligence of the captain , the courses steered by his orders were the direct cause of bringing the vessel on the Manacle Rocks . — That , after the vessel struck , the conduct of the captain was most reprehensible in every respect ; he appears to have taken no active means to save the lives of the passengers ; did not assist them to leave the ship ; quitted her himself whilst many passengers were still in the rigging ; and he and the mate were the only two persons who secured anything for themselves—the captain saving his cloak and the mate his quadrant . —That the chief mate appears to be ignorant of his duties and responsibilities ; and is culpable in not
having personally rendered assistance to the passengers . That the conduct of the crew , with the exception of Andrew Elder , and one or two others , appears to have been very bad , but would possibly have been different had a better example been set them by their officers . — That the conduct of the chief boatmen of the coast-guard and his men , and of a fisherman named James Hill , and others associated with them , in going to and taking- the passengers and crew off the wreck , was highly commendable . The circumstances of this case render it our duty to suggest to your lordships , that in all passenger ships the first mate should be required to have a certificate of competency instead of one of service only ; and that the number and nature of the night signals required to be provided by the owners of passenger ships should be specified . " This Baltic Fleet , or at least the bulk of it , was at Faro Sound , according to one report , on the 9 th of May . According to another account , Admiral Dundas , with twenty-four sail , left that locality on the 8 th , and proceeded to the entrance of tho Gulf of Finland . The officers and crew of the Driver report tbnt the Bay of Finland is full of ice , from Hovel on the southern coast up to the Aland Alps .
Untitled Article
OUR CIVILISATION . Dramatic Conclusion . — A well-dressed man was recently summoned at the Thames Police-court by a young woman whom he was alleged to have married while his first wife wns yet living . The summons was with the object of affiliating a child upon him ; and tho previous marriage having been mentioned , the defendant , to avoid being given into custody for bigamy , swore that tho woman was not his wife , and never hnd been . Upon thi . s , tho magistrate said— " As the defendant swears lie is not married to tho complainant , 1 order him to pay 2 s . 6 < 1 . a week for the support of his illegitimate child ; al « o , tho costs and the solicitor ' s fee . " Tho man exhibited tho greatest surprise and rago at finding lumsolf thus caught in his own trap .
ToitTtiuiNO SiiKKr . —A man in tho employ of a butcher was churned at Bow-street , on tho inatanco of tho Society for tho llio Prevention of Cruelty to Annuals with cruelty to shcup . On tho animala showing n reluctance to being driven »•»<> »>•» master » « hop ho pulled them back by tho earn , throw down , knolt on their bodies , and forcing their heads backwards with grout violence , nearly miir » cnt « il thorn ; after which , ho dragged them in u fainting stato into tho slaughterhouse . Ho was lined 10 ri . Iiaiousy ani > Atticmiticd Muiu > kk . —A young man hart been charged Jit Salford with attempting to drown a young woman , named Mary Conley , to whom ho was puyin tf court . Tho Htutcinont of tho girl herself wan us follows . She said— " Tho prisoner hnd paid his addresses to hor , and on Saturday night , about eight
Untitled Article
- , MAT 19 , 1855 . ] TSE IEABER , ^
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), May 19, 1855, page 465, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2091/page/9/
-