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TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION TO '" toffe VLeaXtev . " For a Half-Tear £ 0 18 0 To be remitted iti advance . f § " Money Orders should be drawn upon the Stkand Branch Office , and be ^ made payable to Mr . Aifeed E . Galloway , at No . 154 , Strand . NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS . During the Session of Parliament it is often impossible to find room for correspondence , even the briefest . No notice cau be taken of anonymous communications . Whatever is intended for insertion must he authenticated by the name and address of the writer ; not necessarily for publication , but as a guarantee of his good faith . Communications should always be legibly written , and on onesideof thepaperonly . If long , it increases the difficulty of finding space for them . "We cannot undertake to return rejected communications .
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SURVEY OF THE WAR . Since the second of June , the date of our last survey , much has happened at the seat of Tvar , and the Allies have made decisive strides towards final success . Pressed on by the energetic impetuosity of P . EiiissrEB , the French operations have been at once steady and brilliant ; while Captain Lyons has swept over the sea of Azof like a tongue of flame , and G-eneral Brown has solidly entrenched his troops at Kertch and Yeni-Kaleli- Following the course we have hitherto adopted , let us consider each in succession .
The Siege . —The solid and brilliant operations to which we referred above are the capture of the Mamelon and of the Quarries , the reduction of the redoubts on Mount Sapoune , and the shelling of the Russian fleet with captured Russian mortars ! These operations were triumphantly and successively effected between the 6 th and the 11 th of June , at which date the enemy had not molested our troops in their new positions .
To estimate the value of those positions , the reader must understand their relation to the works of the enemy . Although the attack on the east side of Sebastopol was the latest commenced , it has received the greatest development , and has become the moat important . The ground on which it is conducted is formed of alternate ridge and ravine . These ravines , in fact , intersect the plateau , and form the beds of streamlets that flow into
the waters of the harbour . Each ravine , therefore , and each ridge runs in parallel lines down to the water , and consequently the conformation of the small angle of the eastern plateau defended by the [ Russians is of the same character as the larger portion occupied by the Allies ; that is to say , the Russian batteries aro on the same ridges as the corresponding attacks of the Allies , with one exception to be presently explained . These attacks are tho Iiikorman attack
directed against the redoubts on Sapoune ; tho Victoria attack , next on its left , dircctodagainat the Mamelon and Malakoff , two elevations on the same ridge ; Gordon ' s attack , which slowly but steadily creeps down towards the Redan , meeting with the quarries on its way ; and lastly , Chapman ' s attack , on tho extreme left . The position of this attack is peculiar . It advances on a ridgo , bounded on ono side by the Woronzoff ravine , on tho other by tho South ravine , and is quit © separated from the
Russian defences by a turn of the Woronzoff ravine into the inner harbour . Consequently Chapman ' s attack cannot proceed beyond the brow of the hill on whose top it is established ; and its gallant director will have to be content with giving a powerful support to the French at work against the Flagstaff , and the British engaged with the Redan . The progress made ' on the 7 th and 8 th of June consists in this , that the Allies have seized the three most commanding positions in advance of their direct
attacks—Mount Sapoune that overlooks the roadstead ; the Mamelon , that stands higher than the Malakoff and far above the Redan , indeed , that commands the town and a great part of the harbour ; and the Quarries , a strong post immediately in front of the Redan . So that the foremost parallel on this side includes all these forward posts , and materially reduces the superiority of the Russian position . The gallant way in which the affair was accomplished—a short and sharp bombardment , tained advance of
a sudden onset , and sus storming columns in broad daylight , winning victory in an hour—this modus operandi must have chilled the hearts of the enemy . The new spirit that animates the French army is strikingly expressed in a laconic despatch from General Pelissier , dated the 6 th of June . " To-day , " he says , " we have bombarded the enemy ' s external works , and to-morrow , please God , we will take them . " The General kept his word—taking also seventy-three guns and five hundred
prisoners . Sea of Azof . —The steam flotilla have made a complete circuit of this inland sea . The operations have included the bombardment of Arabat , the burning of stores at Berdiansk , at Genitchi , at Marioupol , at Taganrog , at Gheisk . " What the whole amount of damage done to the enemj * by the destruction of his stores may have been up to the 6 th of June
—the date of the attack on Gheiskwe cannot say , but in the first four days of their operations , including those at Kertch and Yeni-Kaleh , no fewer than six millions of rations had been destroyed—in other words , the provisions for an army of 100 , 000 men for four months . It is now placed beyond a doubt that vast supplies were drawn by the Russian army in the Crimea
from Kertch and Genitchi . Anticipating a descent of the Allies , and unable to prevent it , for several days previously to the arrival of the expedition , the enemy had been saving his stores at the rate of 1500 waggon loads a day , and forwarding them from Kertch to Sebastopol . The Allies also found both cattle and forage in the vicinity of their quarters sufficient for their subsistence for some time .
At tho latest dates the Allies occupied strongly entrenched positions at Kertch and Yeni-Kaleh , the earthworks on the land aide being defended by the guns captured from the enemy . The Russian troops , under General Wbanoel , had retreated to Arghin , a place not far from the neck of the peninsula ,
whence they could readily act either in defence of Arabafc or Kaffa . The paucity of their numbers , tho facility with which they yielded tho batteries commanding tho straits , although the position was of such vital consequence to them , shows either that Prince GoRTSCHAJKOirir has no troops to spare , or that ho has dutormined to concontrate hia
forces around Sebastopol . Tho Allies fully understand the Taluo of their now poaitiou , and will , no doul > t , make tho moBt oi it ; but whether Sir Gkoiicuo Brown will bo reinforced for an advance upon tho left roar of the Russians around Sobastopol , or not , it is impossible to say . Although attended with lasting results , all tho work in . the Soa of Azof
has not yet been accomplished . It seems there is a second military road across the Putrid Sea , west of Genitchi , and it is understood that boats for an expedition to destroy it , and probably also to penetrate the Don are now being sent out from this country . But the most striking result of the Kertch expedition , and the operations in the Sea of Azof , is the abandonment of Soujak-Kaleh . and Anapa . That the enemy should give up the former fortress and concentrate the whole of his troops in the latter , was not surprising .
It was a sound proceeding . But that he should , suddenly quit Anapa , and give place to the Circassians , shows that the pressure exercised upon him must have been very great . The reason for that precipitate flight is this : Anapa , and nearly all the Circassian forts , were provisioned from the Sea of Azof . The appearance , therefore , of the Allies at Taganrog and Gheisk , and the gathering of Circassians on his line of communications with the Kuban country , must have convinced the Russian commander that
the best thing for him to do would be to fly . The fall of Anapa alone would be a great result of the expedition to Kertch ; for Anapa was the last of the Circassian fortresses — the last hold of Russia on the eastern shores of the Black Sea . To these successes no doubt in our next impression we shall be able to add others equally important . The Russian army in the
Crimea is reduced entirely to the defensive . The initiative , so long held by our foes , ia theirs no longer . " We have posts on both their flanks ; we have cut off one material line of communication ; we are in great strength on their front . The next step , whether it be against the fortress or in the field , cannot fail to bring us close to the crisis of the campaign .
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THE PRINCE CONSORT ON FREE GOVERNMENT . The Radicals who called upon the Cro ^ va to interfere and help us out of our diplomatic and military crisis , have got what they might have expected , but what , to judge from their past expressions of opinion , they did not desire—an intervention of the Prince Consort , who in a speech , distinguished as all Ms speeches are by real intellect , lectures us on our factions and our undiplomatic debates , and tells us significantly that constitutional government is on its trial . The Prince ' s speech will tell , and deserves to tell : Ave only hope it will not tell in a wrong wa } r . Free institutions arc on their trial : but
they are not being tried at their proper work . They are not made to carry on diplomacy or diplomatic wars . They will do very well , and always have done very well , to carry on a war of self-defence or a war of principle . In either case all is plain , unmistakable , and felt by every heart . There is no secret object that any diplomatist need keep " locked in his inmost bosom . " . There is no danger of ambiguous language as to tho terina to bo demanded of tho enemy . There is no chance of success for any faction which msiy endeavour to persuade the nation thnt its sacrifices are unnecessary . The right men are borne irretuatibly to the head oi
affairs , and tho contest is enthusiastically carried on till tho end , which all alike Hock has been attained . What contests in history aro comparable to tho ^ o which free nations have gono through for freedom ? What councils have been moro wise and steadiawt than those of free nations in such contests ? It you want to overreach for a small object , you must hnvo secret diplomacy to do it . Ji you want to raise war taxos for an unworthy ol ' uncertain object , you must havo despotic
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SATURDAY , JUKE 16 , 1855 .
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There is nothing so revolutionary , "because thereis nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to Keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law of its creationin eternal progress . —De . Aenoid .
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564 THE LEADER , [ Saturday ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), June 16, 1855, page 564, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2095/page/12/
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