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WAR MISCELLANEA . Gknkral Casbobeht , it ia confidently statod , has declined to bo nuula a Field-Marshal , because his auceptanco of that dignity would diminiuh tho lustre of General l ' olisaier ' s honour . Tub Rissul . t 3 ov this War . t—A year has not yot olapacd ainco tho Alliod armies sot foot in tho Cximcu . Within that time , thoy havo wou three pitched battles , nnd twice assaulted a . fortress of extraordinary magnitude . Thoy havo encompassed tho works of the onoiny with trenches extending over more than thirty miles of . ground ; thoy havo armed those trenches with tho heaviest ordnance , and kept up so incessant a ( Ire that not only an incalculable amount of projectiles has boon consumed , but live or hIx eiego trains havo boon worn « ] < 1 1 ^ j ] 1 <
out . They have created at Kamiesefa , Ettpatoria , and Yeni-Kaleh , three military stations which the Russians have not dared to assail , and Balaklava has become a populous mart . A railroad connects the harbour and the camp ; an electric chain binds the Crimea to Europe , and conveys to us in a few hours the tidings of these triumphant successes . Upwards of 200 , 000 men encamped within the lines of the Tchernaya have been conveyed thither and daily fed , clothed , and housed from the resources of Western Europe . AH this has been effected in spite of the rigour of winter , the heat of summer , and the distance of 3000 miles from our shores ; and within one little year from the sailing of the expedition the leading objects of the campaign are accomplished , and Sebastopol is in our power . —Times . French Generals Ktt . TiKd and Wounded on the 8 th . —General Bosquet was wounded on the 8 th by a fragment of a shell while encouraging the troops by his example . Four French Generals are stated to have fallen , viz ., Generals Saint-Pol , Breton , MaroHes , and Rivet , the latter chief of the staff of the 1 st cdrps . The Generals wounded , are , besides General Bosquet , Gener rals Mellinet , of the Imperial Guard , La Motterouge , Couston , Bisson , Trochu , and Pondeves . The latter has since died of his wounds . General de Failly is not among the wounded , as had been rumoured . The Flbet m the Nobth . —The Driver has arrived at Dantzic , having quitted Nargen on the evening of the 11 th . The Allied fleet still remains anchored at Seskar and '" Narg&n . No rumour -was in circulation as to the movements which the fleets might have in contemplation . Vice-Admibai , Brttat has been promoted to the rank of full Admiral , for the part he has taken in the reduction of Sebastopol . French Muskets for the Engisish Army . —An order for 20 , 000 muskets for the English army has just been given at St . Etienne . " IjE Nord " on " the Situation . "—The new organ of Russia , Le Nord , again impresses on its readers the high strategical importance of the abandonment of South Sebastopol . Admitting that the Russians have fceen to a certain extent beaten , that " the maritime and other establishments have been successfully destroyed , " and that " the fleet has disappeared beneath the waves , " Le Nord contends that the honour of Russia has been vindicated beyond cavil by the gallantry of her resistance , and that her object is to defend " a principle , " not " a point of honour . " The writer adds : —" The defence of this principle ought not to remain concentrated round a heap of stones ; it could only be continued by a rational disposal of resistance . " Prince GortschakofPhas therefore moved his army ' to a position in which its strength is " doubled . " With respect to the political results of the recent operations , Le Nord asks : —¦ " Are we to be allowed to believe that , from a sentiment of humanity , the one side will be satisfied with laurels , the otheT -with , the respect imposed by the strength of the new position , and that both will shake hands as enemies who respect each other ? These are questions which it is not for us to decide . It would appear to us that , if by the events of the 8 th and 9 th . of September Russia has got out of a bad military dilemma , the Western Powers have cut a political Gordian knot which impeded them . It is a crisis for both parties . We trust that it may prove to be for the advantage of the friends of peace . " Captain Ward . —This officer , who , practically , had the chief command of the English battery of 32-pounder howitzers at the Tchernaya , has received a very flattering letter of thanks from General La Marmora . We subjoin a translation , as the Captain does not appear to have received his fair amount of notice : — " Kadikoi , August 18 . Monsieur le Commandant , —It affords me great pleasure to thank you , and to say how much I appreciate your co-operation in the affair of tbe 16 th , in uniting your artillery to mine for the defenco of our position when vigorously attacked by tho enemy . In congratulating you , Monsieur , 'on the 1 excellent preservation of your men , I hope that , on the first opportunity , we shall again have the satisfaction of fighting together . . —Accept , Monsieur le Commandant , &c , Alphonsb jla Marmora . " The French Emperoh ' s Thanks to the Pbknoh and Enghush Armies . —The following message was transmitted from tho French Emperor to Marshal Polia-9 ior : — »< Honour to you ! Honour-to our bravo army ! Congratulate all in my name . " He also direot « d the Minister of War to Bond tho following to tho Marsliah—44 Tho Emperor charges you to congratulate the English army , in his name , on the constant valour and tho moral force , which it has displayed during this long and trying campaign . " Ti * E RrtJSSIAN EMPDHOB ' S OOMMTOKRATrON WITH TIIIC itDHaiAN Armt . —A despatch from St . Petersburg of Sept . 11 th , says : —" The Emperor has issued nn orilor pf . tho day to tho army , communicating tho full ot * wbastopol . His Majesty thanks tho garrison of 8 olmak > po * for the bravery they havo displayed in defend ! , g that stronghold to the very last , and deol / m * . that > J »« . faug £ vincou all tho troops of . tho E moire -J ^* * ™ Z Sff-sEs ^ rs ^^ Z £ F $ Utf ^ S $£ STMS th ^ ian
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" Since the battle of the Tehernayai the Russian * have received a reinforcement of 30 , 000 militiamen ; but these troops , which are weak , uninstructed , and not inured to war , are decimated by disease , privations , and fatigue . The old regiments of the garrison of Sebastopol are soTedtrced that there are scarcely fifty of each left . In the town 27 , 000 sailors have dwindled down to 3000 , despairing , and' worm out . " Ears is still invested by a corps of cavalry , numbering" eigftt thousand men . General Mouravieff occupies the defile of Seghanli-I > agh . The supplies of food hi- the 1 ; own are not yet nearly exhausted , and a telegraphic despatch says that fresh provisions have been thrown . in $ > but , unless the place be relieved , it is clear that they must in time come to an eod . The Russians , some time about the middle of August , made a , reconnoissance , and inadvertently exposed themselves to fire . It is said that in this affiiir they lost a General ( Koukoleffski ) , a colonel ( Talgrene ) , five captains , and two hundred men . The Russians are thought not to contemplate an attack , but to be bent upon reducing the place by famine . ITor the relief of the town , it is proposed to draw 20 , 000 men from the Crimea ( to be replaced by the Turkish Contingent ) , and 5000 from the Danube , so as to make up an Asiatic array of 70 , 000 men , including those already there . Omar Pacha is expected to land at Redout-Kaleh . Cholera is raging at Erzerotnn . Russian accounts from Tiflis state that new troops have arrived there " from Orenburg , " and the army of the'Caucasus is asserted to be at this moment in so-high a state of efficiency that an expedition to Batoum is talked of , and it is said that Prince Bebutoff has reinforced the corps at Achaltzik and ordered it to-march-thither . The Vienna Fremden Blatt asserts that the Russians have concluded another armistice with Schamyl for the term of six months . Whether the war is to continue on a still more extended field , or whether the partial reduction of Sebastopol will precipitate a peace , is of course doubtful for the present . But already rumours are flying up and down that Austria has signified her willingness to undertake once more the work of mediation , and has proposed fresh Conferences at Vienna . France , it is added , has consented to negotiate , but only at Paris . The demands of the Allies , we are assured , are still very moderate , and the original programme has been retained , with the addition of an indemnity for war expenses . Should Russia refuse these terms , Austria will immediately , &c . There is also talk of a fresh treaty between France and England , on the one part , and Turkey on- the other , the object of which is to invest the Western Powers with the right of keeping garrisons at Constantinople , Varna , Adrianople , and Gallir poll : Varna and Sinope to be used as maritime stations by the Allies . So much for rumours : in a few days , we shall have solid facts . THE FRENCH BATTERIES OPENING FIRE ( SEPT . 5 TH ) . Suddenly , along the earthen curtain between Nos . 7 and 8 Bastions , three jets of flame spring up into the air and hurl up as many pillars of earth and dust , which are warmed into ruddy hues by the horizontal rays of the aun . The French have exploded three fougasses to blow ia . the counterscarp , and to serve as a signal to their ma .. Instantly from the sea to the Dockyard-creek , tjiere seems to run a stream of fire , and fleecy , curling , rich white smoke , as though the earth had suddenly been rent in the throes of an earthquake , and was vomiting forth the material of hor volcanoes . The lines of the ; French trenches were at once covered as though the very clouds of Heaven had settled down upon them and were whirled about in spiral jets , in festoons , in cloistering bunches , in columns and in sheets , all commingled , involved together by tho vehement flames bo- neath . Tho crash of such a tremendous fire must have teen appalling ; but the wind and the peculiar condition of the atmosphere did not permit the sound to produce any . great effect on our camp : in tho city , for the same reason , tho noise must havo been terrific and horrible . The iron storm tore over tho Russian linos , tossing up , as if in sport , jets of earth and dust , rending asunder gabions , and " squelching" tho parapets , or bounding over among 0 $ houses and ruins in their rear . Tho terrible files of irota ,. about four miloa in front , rushed across tho plain , carrying death and ruin with it , swopt with its heavy aid irresistible wings tho Russian flanks , and searched their centre to tho core . A volley so startling , simultaneous , and tremendously powerful , was probably never y ^ t uttored since tho cannon found its voice . Tho Russians scorned for a while utterly paralysed ; their batteries were not manned with strength enough to enable them to reply to such an overlapping and crush- ing flro ; but the French , leaping to their guns with astounding energy rapidity , and strength , kopt on fill- ing tho very air with tho hurtling storm , and sent it ia unbroken fury against their onomios . More than tvno hundred pieces of artillory of largo culibro , ad- mjrably served and well dlroctod , played incessantly on tho hostile linos . In a few momenta , a groat veil of smoke— » a war-cloud rolling dun "—spread from tho guns , over on tho left of Sobuatopol ; but tho roar of tho Shot did not coaao , and' tho cannonade now pealed forth
, i i , < 1 , 1 , , < 3 in great irregular bursts , now died-away into hoarse i murmurs , again swelled np into tumult ¦ , or rattled b from end to end of the line like -the file-fire of infantry . L Stone walls went down before the guns at once , but the L earthworks yawned to receive shot and shell alike . . However ,-eo swift and incessant was the passage of these , missiles through the embrasures- and along the tops , of the parapets that the enemy had to lie close , and could . scarcely show themselves in the front line , of defences . For a few minutes , then * the French had it all . their own ' way , and appeared to be on . the point of sweeping away the place without resistance ; but , after they had fired a few rounds from each of their numerous , guns ,. the Russian artillerymen got to work , and began to return our allies ' fire . They made good practice , but fired slowly and ¦ with precision , as if they could not afford to . throw away an ounce of powder . The French were stimulated rather than impeded by such a reply to their astonishing volleys , and their shot flew with increased rapidity along the line of the defences , and bounded in among the houses of the town . But what were we doing all this time ? What was our admirable Naval Brjgade ' and our gallant , siege train doing ? They were just working their guns as usual , and had received no orders to open general fire . Our Quarry Battery , armed with two mortars and eight cohorns , just four hundred yards below the Redan , plies the suburb in the rear of the Malakhoff vigorously , and keeps the top of the Redan clear . Redan and Malakhoff are- alike silent , ragged , and torn . At most , the Redan fires three guns , and the adjoining batteries are equally parsimonious . The parapets are all pitted with shot and shell , and the sides of the embrasures are greatly injured , so that the gabions are sticking out , and are tumbled down in all directions . After two hours and a half of furious fire , the artillerymen of our allies suddenly ceased , in order to let their guns cool , and to rest themselves . The Russians crept out to repair damages to their works , and shook sandbags full of earth from the parquette over the outside of their parapets . Their gunners also took advantage of this sudden cessation to open on our sailors' batteries in the left attack , and caused us some little annoyance from the " crow's nest . " At ten o'clock , however , having previously exploded some fougasses , as before , the French reopened a fire , if possible , more rapid and tremendous than their first , and continued to keep it np with the utmost vigour till twelve o clock at noon , by which time the Russians had only a few guns in the Flagstaff-road and Garden Batteries in a position to reply . We could see them in great agitation sending men and carts to and fro across the bridge , and at nine o ' clock a powerful column of infantry crossed over to resist our . assault , while a movement towards Inkerman was made by the army of the Belbek . From twelve till five o ' clock p . m . the firing was slack ; the French then resumed their cannonade with the same astounding vigour as at dawn and at ten o'clock , and never ceased their volleys of shot and shell against the T > lace till halfpast seven , when , darkness set in , and all the mortars and heavy guns , English as well as French , opened with shell against the whole line of defences . A description of this scene is now impossible . There was not one instant in which the shells did not whistle through the air—not a moment in which the sky was not seamed by their fiery curves or illuminated by their explosion . Our practice was beyond all praise . Every shell burst as it ought , and tho lines of the Russian earthworks of the Redan , Malakhoff , and of all their batteries were rendered plainly visible by the constant light of the bursting shells . Tho Russians scarcely attempted a reply . At five o ' clock , it was observed that a frigate in the second line near the north side was smoking , and , as it grew darker , flames were seen to issue from hev sides . Men and officers rushed to tha front in the greatest delight and excitement ; and , as night came on , tho whole vessel broke out into one grand blaze from stem to stern . Tho delight of the crowd on Cathcarfc ' shill was intonso . " Well , this is indeed a sight!—to see one of those confounded ships touched at last !"In spite of tho efforts of tho Russians , the flames spread , and soon issued from the ports and quarter-gallory . At eight o ' clock , the light was so great that the houses of tho city and the forts 011 the other aide could bo discerned without difficulty . Tho masts stood long , and towored aloft like groat pillars of fire ; but , one after the other , thoy yielded ; tho docks fell in about ten o ' clock , and at midnight tho frigate was burnt to the water ' s odgo . — Times Correspondent .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 22, 1855, page 903, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2107/page/3/
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