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pendent sections , " Through the Credit Mobilier and ,. analogous societies the . Government can . posit ively control all the joint-stock undertakings of the country y- ^ diminish or extend their capital ; and therefore it can , to a certain extent , regulate the action and purchase the assent of the whole mercantile body having interests engaged in joint-stock undertakings . Through his relations with the armyand with the Prefects of towns , joined with the public works that give employment to the inhabitants , and even to the capital of local contractors , the Empebob exercises a political influence of a very similar kind . The clergy are ready-made instruments for a moral influence . The same principles are capable of application to the foreign relations of the country . We have two examples of sueh an applies tion . In the first plan , the now celebrated Societe de Credit Mobilier becomes a direct instrument . That society buys up shares , not only of French undertakings but of foreign . It has bought up the shares of the Society for the Canalisation of the Ebro . Jt has made offers to advance capital—the Wlidle , for anything we know—for the . American scheme to connect the Pacific and the Atlantic by a great commercial railway , —not the beggarly affair which now exists , but something which will do as well as the canal that now appears to be impracticable . The society has been making overtures to capitalists in Northern Italy . Already , therefore , there exists in Paris a design for the same kind of concentration abroad which exists within France . The other application of the principle is more striking . England has certain interests in the Levant—in the transit to India , the maintenance of the balance of power , and so forth . Independently of Austria , and in spite of her , the constitutional kingdom of Sardinia has been founded ; and it has extended into powerful proportions under protection of the league with the Western Powers . Spain , which is now furnishing France with corn to the profit both of the French and Spanish , has a princess married to a French prince , looking forward to the throne ; and she possesses liberal statesmen who can only expect to maintain their position against the Carlist party and the revolutionists , while they are sustained by France and England . Naples has given offence to both the " Western Powers ; they could blow the King off his throne with a single cannon shot ; but they abstain from giving any encouragement to the revolutionary party of Italy , appax-ently bent on holding the balance , and only permitting any party to exist which shall feel that its existence pledges it to amity with the "Western Powers . In like manner tho Emperor Napoleon is by degrees extending a Free-trade intercourse with England . He hns made Turkey feel that the integrity of her empire depends upon him , personally ; for remove him , and the Western alliance with which Turkey is sustained falls to the ground ; Russia and Austria march over Eastern Europe , and England is placed in a state of isolation . Liberalism is then set free . Egypt , which claims to be independent of the Porte , ismado to feel that she baa much material power and prosperity through the favour of France , but that she must not dictate any other existence than that permitted to her by the "Western Powers . we are not now praising this application of the Napoleonic principle of solidarity of interest ; we nre not condemning it ; we are neither exposing it npr preaching it : we are only describing the facts as they are unfolded before the eyes of every one of our renders as wfclVaa our own . We have posted up the account as for as we have the matermls .
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~ " g ^ TOTOT ^ OF r ^ J ^' WABi . Active warlike operat ions , suspended for a moment after the crash of Sebastopol , then merging into silent preparation , have again begun in the Crimea . No longer bound hand and foot in the trenches , no longer " chained to Sebastopol , ** the Allies and the enemy have once more gained " mobility . " That is a choice term used by Prince Gortschakoi'F in congratulating his army on their escape from Sebastopol . " Gained mobility ! " but it would seem -likely , from present appearances , to be the mobility of defeat . For , as we have stated , the Allies are again in motion . Indications of the fact , from all sides , some brief and obscure , others more detailed , and one authentic , have accrued this week . TheGennannewspapers persist in assuring us thatthe enemy is stealingoff by Perekop , convoy by convoy , troop by troop . "We do not give much heed to intelligence from these sources ; but they are somewhat supported by statements from Odessa , that General Annbnkoit , the Governor there , has ordered that no more stores should be sent to the Crimea , and has suspended the march of troops . From the plateau above Sebastopol the correspondents of the English papers see the enemy driving laden waggons from Fort Constantine and the storehouses on the shore of the north side — French shells from the batteries established in Sebastopol dropping among the long lines of carts , and breaking through the roofs of the buildings . These stores , so leisurely carried off , were placed in dep 6 t , it was conjectured , on the plateau of the Belbek ; and meanwhile earthworks still continued to spring up , and masses of troops to gather here and there on the heights of Inkerman . Such are the indications of movement , whatever they may portend . The militaiy operations already in progress have been important , so far as we can guess from glimpses of them . Thus , on the 22 nd , we hear of French troops moving on the Russian left by the Baidar Valley—apparently engaged in discovering the extent of the Russian position . "We find them , as Prince Gobtsohakoff reports , coming within sight of the outposts of the extreme left of the enemy as far eastward as the heights of Urkusta , that is , the hilla above the sources of the Chuliu which close in the Baidar Valley . From this fact we may assume that at that date the enemy ' s troops were extended in a long line from Urkusta to Fort Constantine ; the main body remaining encamped on the Belbek , and the reserve holding Baktchi-Serai and Simpheropol . But another movement is in progress . On the 21 st the last detachments of the French troops of all " arms sailed from Kamiesch for Eupatoria . On the 22 nd , such as had arrived , together with a portion of the Turkish garrison , moved inland in two bodies , one advancing as far as the village of Sak , the other going northward on the Perekop road aa far as Orta Mamai . These operations so seriously threatened the Russian line of communications that it is probable Prince Gobtsoiiakoff immediately strengthened tho Russian forces watching Eupatoria . But be that as it may , on the 29 th of September , General p'Ai . lonvii . i . 13 , at tho head of the French cavalry surprised the Russians under General ICouf , killed 50 , made 105 prisoners , and captured 0 guns , 12 caissons , and 250 horsea , with the moderate loss of G killed and 27 wounded . We may , therefore , infer that the Russian army ia assailed on both flank ' s , and the more strongly on its most vulnerable point , the line of retreat . Of course the Allies on the Tchernayn are so posted as to bo in readiness to take
any advantages which apprehensions for his rear may cause Prince GoBTSCHAKorF to give them . If hardly and ably pushed by well-concerted and steadily-executed movements , the Russian General must be far stronger than he appears to hold his ground . In Asia there also have been movements of some moment . Ojmab Paoha is assembling a considerable force at Batoum , with the intention of holding Chefkatil as a base , and threatening , it is said , the Russian rear . But how he is to accomplish this , at the present season of the year , is a mystery we cannot solve . The safety of Ears is , of course , the object of his operations . But if Kara be not sufficiently well provisioned to hold out until the snow falls , we fear that Omab Pacha ' s presence at Batoum will not much avail the garrison . The fall of Sebastopol and the proximate fall of snow may possibly cool the ardour of Motteatiefi , and form imperative reasons for putting his men in quarters ; and as the latest accounts from Kars are encouraging 1 , we have great hopes that the enemy will retire with frustrated hopes back upon Gumri .
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GERMANY—DYNASTIC AND NATIONAL . Theee has sprung up , in . this country , a justifiable suspicion of secret diplomacy . The nation thinks its own practice weak and immoral , and that of America at least dignified and successful . Our statesmen have , since the outburst of war , illustrated with strange effect the vices of their profession . Standing in need of dynastic alliances- —that revolution may be unnecessary—they have alternately wheedled and bullied the ' German Governments , Acting upon their selfishness , or upon their fears , exactly as the occasion seemed to suggest . Liberal and far-sighted men have detected the profligacy aa well as the vanity of this system ; but is the conduct of the English press more consistent or more generous ? It also has been engaged in flattering and insulting the German nation , inciting it to a war of independence , taunting it with apathy , and confounding its principles with the Russianised policy of its rulers . This is neither a wise nor an honest policy . It is not for men of earnest convictions to echo the variations of cajolery and insolence that issue from the secret cells of diplomacy . We ought to understand the German people and their Governments , and to choose between them . But , as there is no identity between the Germany of courts and cabinets and the Germany of living and generous nations , it is aa much a proof of mental as of moral obliquity to repel the sympathies of the one because we cannot gain the co-operation of the other . Only a puerile and feeble race would bo piqued into action by sarcasm or by rhapsody . When have the Germans exhibited Russian tendencies ? Since 1815—it is suggestedbecause Russian crosses sparkle on the breasts of men and women tliroughoxit the higher ranks of German society . But a distinction is necessary between tho dynasties , with their titled entourage , mid the nation , which has never , by a single motion , advanced the European intrigues of the Czars . If tho people , as a body , vero infected with this political corruption , it would not be tho interest of their Governments to stifle their activity , to prohibit tho utterance of thoir opinions , and to cut them off from all participation in legislative or administrative power . The Diet , the Austrian and Prussian Cabinets , the kings , prinees , and dukes of thirty petty states , incessantly work to a common end— - that of destroying the institutions established n 1830 or in 1848 . In Austria the reigning
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rww * T IT 15 Tj "E A D E It , TOo . 289 = Satti-ruay ^
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 6, 1855, page 960, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2109/page/12/
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