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- . , nrejudice the rights or interests of Ms Neapolitan Majesty . They proposed , merely , that L should interrupt the execution of Naples . It has long been seen that in Italy the Anglo-French alliance does not exist . The two powers must play at cross purposes in that peninsula . With French policy the Pope , the Austrians , the King of Naples , the Grand Duke of Tuscan * , are identified . With English ( national ) policy is identified the Progressive party in Piedmoit , which is hated by the Grand Duke of Tuscany , the King of Naples , the Austrians , and the Pope . A war © f influences goes on between these opposite systems , and the real cause ? which prevents liberalism , political and religious , from accomplishing a speedy triumph , is the force in which the French are stationed at Rome . Great Britain watches in Italy every move of France France watches every move of England . Thus , when it appeared necessary to exert an " influence" in Naples , conjointly with that of Austria , the British Government , determined that this influence should be its own .- Cer tain evolutions were therefore executed by ships of war sent to the Mediterranean , and King Ferdinand found himself , though at long range , under the " influence" of a squadron . Immediate l y * the semi official press of France " wondered " significantly why this step should have been taken before its design had been communicated to the Emperor . The Emperor they suggested—might have spared England the trouble , since nothing would have been easier than to dispatch the vessels required from Toulon . Probably , the British minister foresaw that such an offer would be made , and did not desire to accept it . Refused it could not be . It has not been the practice of England , since it learned to expel men by decrees , to reject any " offer . " from her military ally . Some powerful influence is at work in Italy , to uphold , Avith whatever design , the policy of the Austrians . The French press , which in every other detail , is restricted to a mere echo of the Governmental organ , has unbounded license to calumniate the party of religious freedom in Piedmont . The Jesuit artificers of miracles , more active than they have been since the overthrow of Napoleon the First , write continually the most virulent libels upon the Piedinontese , satirise their military efforts , ridicule the astonishing commercial energy exhibited at Nice and Genoa , and endeavour to revive in Turia the vitality of their old propagand . The Oracle of the Church in Paris exults in the power of the Capuan bamboo , and in the degrading fact , that the Papacy commands a French militia at Rome . In this discrepancy between French and English policy in Italy , lies the source of many dangers . The British nation , too apt to idontify its own opinions with the interests of liberty and civilization , does not perceive that , since the war commenced , not only have barbarism and tyranny been aggrandised in Europe , but that the frco institutions of England have been brought to shame by the side of the despotic unity of Franco , This truth has been made tho text of some sinister speeches , from which , of course , tho oxplana- tion was omitted , that , after all that may be said of our popular system of government , no really popular principle is at work in the prosecution of the war . Wo are a free nation , l ) ut we fight for dynastic absolutism . In fact , the time is coming , when it must bo confessed that tho struggle against Russia , could not bo lifted from its narrow basis and turned to tho real advantage of mankind , without tho dissolution of some connexions , which have been forced upon us by a combination of disastrous cir- cumstances . If tho war be speedily concluded , it may
f leave Europe not very much more enslaved thai when it began . If it be continued indefinitely it pursuit of some vague object , such as that of de > fining a frontier , —which is an absurdity , wher one of the border Empires is melting awayor of establishing a joint instead of a separat * protectorate—such objects may assuredly b < attained withont exasperating the conflict unti it is brought to a close by tlie exhaustion o : the belligerents . From such a war , whatevei Russia might have lost , neither Turkey noi England could have gained . The French Em peror would be the most irresponsible ruler in Europe , and liberty would await the issue of a nobler struggle .
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; - ; < j ' ] ' ' < < I ] ' 1 I ' 1 SURVEY OF THE WAR . The aspect of the war-field has greatly changec ' since a fortnight ago we surveyed its promise o : i the future , and the causes that have led to thai ? change it is now our task to describe . [ Our survey at that date was founded oe - Russian telegraphic despatches and the informar tion supplied to the press by Lord Panmure . I Accepting these statements , we were led to i be'ieve that the army at Eupatoria , reinforced by the Highland Division under Sir Colin ' Campbell , and several French divisions had 1 actually made a successful movement to the rear i of the Russian army on the 23 rd of October . : Later and more authentic intelligence showed [ that such was not the case , that the Eupatonan droops had not been reinforced by tho Highlanders and the French , and that they had never advanced even to Toulat as reported , but towards Toulat , returning to Eupatoria on the 24 th of October . It remains to explain how this happened . Besides organising the Kinburn expedition , the Allied generals had arranged for the transport of the Light Cavalry and Highlanders , together with some French troops to Eupatoria , in order that a strong diversion in the rear of the enemy might be made from that base , in co-operation with an advance of the right wing , upon Aitodor and Albat . But before this operation could be accomplished , before Sir Colin and his men could quit Kamiesch , Lord Panmure telegraphed to General Simpson information derived from Berlin to the effect that the Russians were about to attack either the line of the Tchernaya , or the old battle-ground of Inkermann . This piece of intelligence altered all tho plans of the Generals . Tho Highlanders were not sent to Eupatoria . The French divisions were drawn from the valley of the Belbck and posted in positions on tho hills above the Baidar valley ; tho Sardinians concentrated at Tchorgonn ; troops were stationed at Alsu ; and tho lines of Inkermann were fully manned . But the enemy came not . Whether ho intended an attack , or whether Lord Panmuke was duped , remains uncertain ; but the schemes of tho campaign during tho few days of fine weather left were nipped in the bud ; and now all in preparation for the winter . The allied line extends from the passes of Baidar to Ozcmbash , and so down to Tchorgoun , Alsu , tho lino of the Tchernaya , and the heights of Inkermann . Nothing is heard in the camp but the sound of tho pick and tho blasting mine ; tho heavy guns shelling Ssbnstopol from tho north side ; the tread of infantry at drill , and tho tramp of cavalry in the valley of Balaklavu . But something , very little , haa been done at Eupatoria . General d'Allonvh-ljs hits made two other movements since the 24 th . On tho 27 th , ho moved upon flak , and thence , until ho was pulled up by ( hiding tho Russians strongly entrenched as usual at Chobatiir , a deep ravine in their front , and thirty-six 32-poimdora grinning from their earthworks . General d'Allonville manoeuvred his little corps so as to provoke the Russian general , Scuabelsiu to battle ; . but tho
i Rnssian was too wary ; he declined , and even i instructed ten Russian squadrons of cavalry to * retire before four Turkish squadrons thrown i forward to bring on a fight . Again , on the 1 st - of November , d'Allonville was at Karagourt , b and there we must leave him , with small hope of e hearing that he has been able to give account of t his foes . The peculiar nature of the country , f and the great scarcity of water , dictate cautious r operations to the French chief . r The Russian position , as we learn by letters - from Simpheropol , is very extended , but with comi paratively short lines of internal communication . 3 The smallest portion of the force is on the north side ; the larger portion is in and behind the defiles of Mangoup Ivaleh , and Albat , with posts in advance on the Upper Belbek , and even on the Alma . The head-quarters are at I Orta Korales , and a chain of posts is established f between the north side and Simpheropol ; t while , as we see , Schabelski , with his cavalry and heavy guns , blocks the way from Eupatoria i to Simpheropol . According to the Russian accounts , the troops are healthy and well sup-, plied ; indeed , the authorities at St . Petersburg i give out that Prince Gortsciiakoff has eight I months' supply of provisions in the Crimea . Under these circumstances , it is that the Russian General informs his troops that he has ¦ permission from the Emperor to quit or hold the Crimea . Not willingly , ho avers , will he quit ; it ; but he admits that there are circumstances l which make the best resolutions impracticable . Our acquisition of Kinburn will not lead to any operations against either Perekop , Cherson , or Nicolaief this season ; but still the possession ' of the spot , and the entrance to the Dnieper are matters of consequence , and may be turned to great account in another campaign . From Asia the only news is that Omar Pasha ' s advanced guard left Souchum Kaleh on the 13 th for Kutais , inspired by the intelligence of the Russian defeat at Kars . Thus , when our Crimean army seems to be sinking into inactivity , the Turks arc pressing forward towards the heatr of Georgia .
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Nov . 10 , THE REAPER . m *
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THE CHUKCH OF THE BLUE VAULT . Another and another , still they come ! these missionaries of a new church ; and they address themselves , not affably to one class , but to all . It is not only titled or untitled persons of position teaching the working class the benefits of instruction ; the day of that " useful knowledge " appears to have passed ; and although the best men of that time acted from a good spirit , we may say that the spirit of our own day is infinitely more generous and exalted . The Useful-Knowledge people combined entertainment with instructioii . They brought forth works , sound and cheap j they supplied illustrations for their texts , and led the humblest in the country to an acquaintance with history and natural history , geography , and entomology , with all the " graphics " and all tho " ologies . " They opened tho Museum to the working classes ; enabled the rudest to acquire a competent knowledge of tho pachydermata and quadrumana ; but not a word did they teach of the suffrage , not a lino did they supply ' which would direct tho attention of the working classes to tho rights of Englishmen abstracted or decayed . It looked like a grand attempt to amuse tho people , and to divert them into acquiescence under the rule of the great employing class . Wo had natural theology and ( scepticism in those days , and a good deal of pretentious dogmatising o" the fal lncy of dogma ; but tho lecturer meant well , and did good . service , « incc they paved the way for the claHS that has como after them . In this veni- of grace and Eastern warhuo , WO baJo c , « Kd .. "idtrau , men grappling wHh great i . tl . s iiKl touring thosftid truths open bodily for the cnli ' gliu .-n uuul iortincatiou of the million .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 10, 1855, page 1079, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2114/page/11/
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