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IVamd replies with admirable calmness and temper : —? ' -.,. '• •' Mr . Bidder has referred , in terms which I cannot but think inconsiderate , to supposed " threats" and <» persecutions " employed by me for the propagation of my ideas . The only " threats " and " persecutions " I hare used are such as I now employ towards Mr-Bidder . I persecute him with arguments—reasonable , I hope , good-humoured , I am sure- —in favour of progress and improvement . I threaten him with incessant reiteration of my appeals , till importunity weary out resistance . No man has any other kind of threat or persecution to complain of , or to fear , from me . In answer to Sir W . Cubxtt , Mr . Wabd observes : —
One word , sir , in reply to the note of Sir W . Cubitt ; who contents himself with recording an unexplained dissent from my views . I do not despair of one day obtaining Sir W . Cubitt ' s support , when I reflect that he—now a warm advocate for Messrs . Bazalgette and Haywood ' s scheme against John Roe ' s—pronounced , so lately as June 14 , 1853 , his decided opinion against Sewage Interception generally , declaring such a system unnecessary " if proper means were taken to make the Thames , as it ought to be , a proper receptacle and sewer to take away the filth of the metropolis and of the surrounding districts . " ( G . Lond . Drainage Bill Ev . ; answer 3 , 399 . ) Mr . Ward concludes his letter in the following terms : —
; ' The proposition which I and my friends now advance , on the strength of John Roe ' s experience , is simply this : that it is possible to save for the north side ratepayers three-quarters of a million sterling , by a judicious modification of the colossal tunnels proposed by our eminent antagonists . Should we succeed in establishing this proposition , we shall havccomp leted the last link in the sanitary organisation of towns , and may usefully address ourselves to the rural branch of our great argument—the agricultural utilisation of sewage , the transformation of noxious refuse into productive property , and the creation of a large municipal revenue out of a present cause of burdensome taxation . But the tunnel question comes first ; and it is for the press to determine , on behalf of the public , whether a case is made out for jnqufry , or whether our opponents are to be supported in their demand for the peremptory suppression of the debate . I have the honour to be , sir , &c , , F . O . Ward . 12 , Cork-street , Burlington-gardens , Nov . 13 .
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£ lIT THIS DEPARTMENT , SB AIA OPINIONS , BOWEVEB EXTREME , AKK AIXOWED AN EXPRESSION , THE EDITOH NECESSARILY HOLDS HIMaMjsr BEsroNsiBLE eon xoxe . ~\
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There is no learned man but will confess he hath much . profited by reading controversies , his eenaea awakened , , and his judgment , sharpened . If , then , it be profitable for him to read , why should it not , at least , be tolerable for his adversary to wTite . —Mil-ton .
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PEACE OR WAR . ( To the Editor of the Leader . ) 3 iB , ~ The winter , which is now gradually setting in , will very probably prove a long and severe one ; nor are our political prospects less gloomy than the approaching season . WiCh a long and sanguinary war before us , the results of which no one can foretell — a war which is rapidly exhausting the patience and < he resources of those who have to pay for it—the
political landscape before us is not particularly wheeling . Nor do I think- the state of affairs much improved by the comforting assurance of the leading journal , that this ia " pre-eminmlly the people ' s war . " The people are already beg inning to grumble at their increased burdens . ' If this be really the people ' s war , all I can say is , I am very sorry- for their infatuation , as they will , from first to , last , be the great sufferers by it , whatever rtiay be the enormous increase of profits to the leading journal which supports it .
yVe all know , to our cost , that bread , and the other necessaries of life , are riot only very dear jwy , but every month are becoming more , apd more so . Our foreign merchants , and our great mercantile houses at home , arc fast becoming bankrupts . Shppkeepers , and little tradesmen , who used to Itake , their annual holiday at the eea-0 Me , despite of increased profits , are losing money , Mid b ^ epmir ^ g ruined froni the actual foiling off % js $ ?¦ Jft ? J ? 4 p . $ 'heir customers ; for no one in tncBe aayl of trouble , parts with a sixpence '"
without thinking twice about it . A great change has taken place . Those who four years ago were enabled to command the luxuries of life , can now barely pay for its mere necessities . The cause of this it is not difficult to exp lain . Money is scarce , and hard to come by ; provisions dear , and increasing in value ; taxation doubled upon decreased means of paying it . But this is not all . In the large manufacturing districts of the West and North of England , where the bulk of our labouring population are collected together in great masses , commercial affairs are fast coming to a standstill . I state the following on the authority of an able journal , and leave your readers to say whether there is any exaggeration on my part . " The high price of provisions , the tightness of the money market , the lack of confidence , through business being carried on without profit , and in many cases , with very serious loss , all cast such a gloom upon our commercial transactions of every description as to make the general aspect very dismal . " It is not difficult to foresee the results of such a state of things . Already the manufacturers of Manchester , Salford , and its vicinity as well as other large towns in the West of England , have given a formal notice to their factory labourers that this week they will begin to work at short time ( the larger capitalists , according to the Times , have taken twelve per cent , off their -wages , which has ended in a strike ) , as they cannot see the utility of producing articles which they are unable to sell except at a sacrifice . Nor are commercial affairs in Paris in a more prosperous state ; money is every dayjbecoming of more value , and credit as rapidly failing . The Bank of France is almost in a state of bankruptcy , from which it can only extricate itself by most ruinous sacrifices which will rebound , at no very distant day , with a terribly felt force and pressure upon every portion of the community even should they be preserved from , national ruin . Nor can England , in spite of her superior management and caution , bound up as she is , whether for good or evil with France , escape such a state of things without serious difficulty and loss , the ultimate effects of which must fall upon the working population ; the consequence I could easily picture , but dare not trust myself to describe—such a picture as would cause the philanthropist to mourn , and even the coldest politician to look grave . Even to those who are fortunate enough to get employment the approaching winter will be a sore season of temptation and of trial ; involving them in much distress and misery , even if they can keep starvation from their doors . On the bed of sickness and in the hour of their distress , they may be compelled to learn Nature ' s first grand moral lesson" We need to suffer that we may learn to pity . " There is indeed a retributive justice for nations as well as for individuals ; we ought not therefore to be surprised if some portion of the misery we have heaped upon foreign shores should recoil upon our own , the more terribly felt because unexpected . The large stores of corn ve destroyed in the Crimea are now wanted at home . Verily , war is an avenging deity , and exacts his victims from either side , whether by famine or by the sword . With the exception of some " of the newspapers , " who are making money by the war , we believe all classes are getting very sick of it ; and even " the people" who , the " leading journal " tells us , " have given their whole heart and soul to it , and understand it with a clearness denied to grander personages and more subtle intellects , " will , I have little doubt , before the winter has passed away , repudiate the assertion of the Times in a manner not the most flattering to the vanity of that most " veracious " journal . A Member of tub National Cjluu . Ukckl ^ sb Tuading . —Mr , Commiaaioner Goulburn , in delivering judgment in the Court of Bankruptcy on the case of Scully and Scully , cheesemongers , of Curtainroad , Shorodltch , > remarked : —¦ " This cage , exemplified strongly iocklese trading oven to a remarkable degree . Bu < j there was another question of nioro eorious Importance -r-that of obtaining goods under false pretences ; and , if they wore ( found guilty , the Court , had no option but to withhold protection . The bankrupts were certainly young and inexperienced when they took to ' ttie buslhcse of their
father in 1852 , but that did not justify their subsequen t conduct . The reckless character of the trading was apparent from the report of Mr . Pennell , which stated that during two years and seven months , while the aggregate transactions were 81 , 0007 ., the profits were returned at the very small sum of 487 ^ . " We find they never took stock . They kept no stock-book , and , though they kept a cash-book , it did not appear it had ever been cast up or balanced during the trading . While the profits ( 48 7 l . ~ ) were scarcely a farthing in the pound on their tr . nsactions ( 81 . 000 / . ) , the trade expenses -were 2 , 669 £ . ; the partnership drawings , 1 , 069 ? ., and the losses and . lad debts were about the same as the profits . The next question was whether the bankrupt , Thoina * Scully , had obtained from Mr . Lamin goods fraudul" ntly , or by false pretences . Mr . Lara in bad been in the habit of dealing with these parties for a long period , and had trusted them to a large amount ; and they seem to have been regular in their payments . It was complained by Mr . Lamin , that on the 18 th of May last , shortly before the bankruptcy , Thomas Scully had obtained goods by representing that the firm was in solvent circumstances . It appeared that on two different occasions subsequent to this transaction , the bankrupts mad * payments for previous purchases . It was true that Thomas Scully , on Mr . Lamin saying to him that he would not trust thtm any more—they must bring cash—replied that they were perfectlj' solvent , and quite prepared to p-iy ready money . But this was evidently not done with a fraudulent intention , for he did not apply the goods to his own use . The bankrupts appeared to have gone , on hand overhead , till bankruptcy ensued ; but , under all the circumstances , he - ( the Commissioner ) could not find them guilty of fraud . There were mitigating circumstances , and , therefore , the certificates would be of the second class . The certificate of Thomas Scully would be suspended for twelve months from the date of the adjudication ( 7 th of June ) ; that of the other bankrupt , for nine months . " Protection was granted . The West Indies . — By the Ia 3 t mail , we learn that the Jamaica House of Assembly was in session , and that the flour market was active ¦ that at Barbadoes the weather was highly favourable for agricultural operations ; and that at Grenada a great quantity of rain had done much injury to the roads . At British Guiana , the new Hatbour Regulation Bill had passed . The subject of the water supply and drainage was occupying attention . The weather was fine , and all the estates were busily engaged in mtiking sugar . The canes for the next year ' s crop looked well . At Chili , Congress Mas adjourned ; there was a great depression in commercial matters ; copper was very scarce . From Bolivia we learn that scarcely had Belzu left before revolutionary movements broke out in various places . On the lGth of September , Colonel Gutierrez , Dr . Tapia , General Lanza , and Colonel Monstalvo , Yanes , Marin , and many others raised the revolutionary standard in Pucanori . General 3 Iolc a , with a force of about one hundred men auci two guns , marched to attack the revolutionists , but JLunz . i , hearing of his approach , left the town ; he was however , afterwards intt by the Government forces , and 2 ap ; ita and Moscoso , two of the revolutionary leaders , wei e killed . In Corocoro , Dr . Linares and others also got up a revolutionary movement , but it was put down by tho National Guard , and the arrival of the cavalry wlio had accompanied Belzu to the coast . Linares and the other leader * escaped . Some of the periodicals of La Puz state that the revolution is quite put down in the north , but in Oruro , CochJeanba , Santa Cruz , and La Sierra , all was not yet quiet . The Lonp Mayor ' s Dinner . —At the dinner in the Guildhall on the 9 th infant , Lord Palmcrston , in acknowledging the toast of his health , observud : — ' If ever there was a moment when those who are charged with such a duty may feel peculiarly proud of the honour conferred upon them , and also peculiarly sensitive 03 to the deep responsibility which that honouruble charge imposes , the present moment is beyond question the greatest that ever was in the memory of man ; for never did a nation present a nobler spectacle to tho world than does the British nation at this time . We have entered into a great contest , not rashly , not hastily , not with levity , but upon full and maturo deliberation . We have entered into thut contest because we felt that the war Vfiis necessary as well as just , and this nation evinces , from one end of tho country to the other , a steady , a calm , but u deliberate determination to submit to every sacrifice which the conduct of the war may entail , to ( show itself equal to every exertion which the prosecution of thut war may require , to exhibit the utmost constancy in carrying ° the struggle , and to continue its sacrinces unU its exertions until peace shall be obtained on conditions suctt ds we may be entitled to demand . " These remarks were continually greeted with loutl cheers . —Lord John Russell , in acknowledging the tonst of the House or Commons , with which his namo was coupled , was received with mingled cheers ixud hisuos , so loud as to render his few rcmarka inaudible . Having briefly referred to the election of tho present Lord Mayor as an evidence of the triumph of civil and religious liberty , he hurriedly eat down .- —The absence of tho knuy Mayoress at the banquet waa excused on tho ground Df ill-health . * '
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1108 ¦ --.- ¦ - ^—¦¦ - ¦ - ¦¦ - — - TEE LEAEiJER , [ No . 295 , Saturday ,. "
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 17, 1855, page 1108, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2115/page/16/
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