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    , T IT T WAP _L XX. Ji. VV A. ±C.

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    The position of General Vivian at Kertch has not received any very clear elucidation since we last addressed our readers ; but there does not seem to be serious occasion for uneasiness . The Trieste and Marseilles journals , in conjunction with the Constantinople press , state that General Wrangel has received reinforcements , and is closely pressing Kertch , while General Vivian has been refused any augmentation of his forces , because , being an officer of the East India Company , he is not authorised to command the royal troops ; yet mo intelligence of an attack by Wrangel has reached us , and , on the other hand , it is affirmed that embarkations of cavalry for the Contingent have taken place at Turkish ports , in accordance with intentions long since entertained .

    The writer of a letter fvom Kairiiesch , published in the Courrier de Marseilles , ridicules the idea of the Allies contemplating the evacuation of the Crimea , and supports his views by referring to the " stupendous works" now being executed by the English . Why , asks the writer , should magnificent roads be laid out , a new town in the neighbourhood of Balaklava be built at stone , mid the railway be extended , if the country is to be abandoned ? He adds that six thousand men are every day employed on these works , By the side of this stupendous and rapid creation , an equally vast

    destruction is going on . lhe demolition of Sebastojiol has been determined on , and each army corps has received its portion to work upon . According to communications from Constantinople , all the four armies are at once set loose on this employment ; and from morning to night the thump of the engines of destruction is heard echoing through the streets of the fortress city , followed by tho crash of failing stones and timber . The engineers , also , have resumed their mining works , in order to blow up tho military and maritime establishments ; and the cannon-bftllu and sheila arc piled into huge pyramids . 'lite random firing between tho Allies and the Russians in tho northern forta continues ; but to

    little effect . We begin to hear some talk , however , of an attack on this last stronghold of the Czar in . Sevastopol . A correspondent of the Gazette dw Midi says : — " The last intelligence which I received from Sebas topol announces that the long range guns and mortars intended for the batteries have arrived at their destination . The artillery officers are of opinion that the general fire against the northern forts will be opened at the end of the present month . " Announcements of this kind , however , are so often made with no better authority than mere gossip , that we must not place too much faith in the promised bombardment . The Russians profess to doubt our power of holding Kinburn during the winter ; and it is thought by many that , when the frost breaks up , and the ice comes dashing and grating down the Bug and the Dnieper , our ships will find it difficult to maintain their position . It is affirmed by the Russians that the sea between Otchakoff and Kinburn is seldom quite frozen over , and that we shall thus be deprived of that defence ; but shipmen in the Black Sea say that the only point where the waters do not freeze is at the spot where the Bug falls into the bay . However , forewarned is forearmed ; and the Allied fleet will doubtless know how to proteet itself . Of the Turkish position at Kai's we read the iollowing in the Moniteur : — " According to the last accounts , Omar Pacha was expecting a- battle . General Mouravieff had detached a division from , his army , which was advancing by forced marches on Kutais by the Akhiska-road . About 8 , 000 Turks , under Mustapha Pacha , had left . Batoum to try and cut off this detachment . Early in the month , they had reached Osurgethi . The Conimanderin-Chief bade them nieet him at Kutais , which will become the theatre of some important engagement , unless the Russians prefer intrenching themselves in the defiles which protect the advance on Tiflis . " It is said that the Russians are hutting themselves ; which seems to indicate a determination to continue the blockade , though this is but feeblyenforced . Some provisions have been received by the beleagured garrison . They were intended for the besiegers ; but the Persians who were conducting them , consented for a bribe to deliver up the supplies . The insanity of General Mouravieff is now denied ; and it is asserted that the Greeks purposely put the story in circulation for the sake of refuting it , and thus throwing doubt on other incidents of the Asiatic war . If all that is laid to the charge of the unhappy Greeks be true , they have enough to answer for . The Morning Post — not very celebrated , it must be admitted , for the accuracy of its intelligence— delivers itself as follows on the probabilities of the struggle in the far East : — " There are grounds for believing that the telegraphic report , stating that tho army of General Mouravieff had crossed the Arpatchai into Georgia , is correct . The fact that only some 10 , 000 Georgian militia have hitherto opposed the progress of Omar Paclia , shows the weakness of the Russians , and discovers the imperative necessity which compels General Mouravieff to raise tlio siege of Kars , unless he would , expose himself to the interruption of ins communications , tho loss of Tim ' s itself , aud the risk of a capitulation . The great victory at Kars has so shattered , the main body of the Russians , that it is doubted whether as many as 15 , 000 men remain under tho orders of General Mouravieff . Under those circumstances , wo hope soon to recoivo tho certain news of tho safety of Kars and its gallant defenders , and of tho triumphant progress of Omar Pacha . " Last week wo had to record the death of General Markham ; this week we arc compelled to add to the bluek list the name of another gallant man — the French Admiral Brunt . I'Uli NEW AND OLD OOMALVNDiiHS-XN-OIUKF . G on oral Codrington assumed tho command of tho army on tho 12 th of November , when ho published tho following Order , which wan rooeivod with HUtiHlaotion by tho army : — " Hood-Quarters , Sohawtopol Nov . 12 . " I have assumed tho command of tho uriny J » obodienuo to her Majesty ' s orders . It ' » with / fooling of pricio and with a fooling of confidence »> tho Hupport which I know will be hardly given to any omoor honoured with buoU a oomininr »» on . " Tho armioB of Franco and Sardinia aro "" 'J with us on Hub ground . Wo know thoir _ gallant'J well , for wo have Boon it ; wo know thoir "' "" : ehip , for wo huve profited by it ; wo have bIuuw difficulties , dangers , and Bucceasos— tho gr oundwork of mutual esteem ; and all will fool it our y 10 "* "" 5 ' !" , well an our duty , t 6 carry on that kiudly intercom *"

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    1142 THE LEADER . [ No . 297 , Saturday .

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    were in direct communication . In the meanwhile , however , war ships of both nations have been sent to the West Indies , with instructions , no doubt , that will stimulate their jealous vigilance . Sea captains in both countries are addicted to rough language aud conduct : shots may be fired even in mistake—a few timbers may be splintereda flag may be damaged—bipod may be shed ; and who could then st 6 p the conflict ? The only chance of stopping it would he a much better means of communication between the peoples of England and America than is furnished by the Governments either in St . James ' s or in ^ i&shington . As to the African v iavaaian of Ireland , it is really a bad joke , which the respectable Irish in Ameriea have been anxious to repudiate . "We have had another invasion of a more pacific kind than any which America could furnish . A Roman Catholic priest lately made a vehement assault upon Protestant adversaries , and ] burned their books before his auditor }' . It is _ affirmed that amongst these books were parts , if not entire copies , of the New Testament . The Protestants were up in arms . Mr . Attorney-General Keogh has been driven to instigate a state prosecution ; the priest is criminally arraigned . The Romanists take fire at this prosecution , and are declaring , from Dublin to Meath , that they desire nothing better than to burn the Protestant version of the Bible ; and a very pretty quarrel is thus established . The priest is a Russian , his Christian name is that of a Russian saint , St . Vladimir , and the coincidence of his Russian birth , his Roman faith , and his discord-breeding zealotry is at least curious . Another scandal that may strike the foreign visitor is the great industrial dispute which is proceeding at Manchester , and which has its ramification in the colliery districts . In both cases the masters appear to labour under perplexities , not less than the men . There can be no question that the cotton manufacture generally has not returned a profit ; and although the masters have laid themselves opeatothe reproaches of the men , that they have not acted together , and have not sought the general interests of the trade , those retrospective censurers do nothing to cure the present difficulty . Partly from some disturbance in the market of tlie raw material , and partly from want of demand in . the market , profits are reduced to nothing , and wages have to be paid out of capital . It is not exactly the same in the coal trade , though it is proballe that the masters of different districts , in the endeavour to secure the great markets of the country , have brought prices below the real paying level * —one proof , out of hundreds , that competition often makes enterprising trade overreach itself . In both these great instances , the true cause of the difficulty is want of understanding between , the contending parties ; it is civil war scarcely less destructive than that waged with armies . There is another kind of civil war constantly going forward . Its character has been exposed some time since by the Lancet , and the smothered conflict is again brought to light this week by a case in the law courts . Dr . King , the well-known Arctic traveller , institutes an action for assault against Mr . Savory , a chemist , and Mr . Savory brings his action for defamation . Dr . King ' s story is curious : ¦—Ho reports that lie purchased a drug at the chemist ' s shop , which he found unfit for medical use ; and that a friend of his purchased a gazogene equally unsuitcd to its purpose . On ttiis , the Doctor constitutes himself a judicial tribunal , and summons" Mr . Savory before him . Alter the judge has stated the case against the chemist , tho defendant replies by various assaults and recriminations ; the controversy ends in a scuffle , « ind in an appeal to the regular law tribunals . It is unfortunate tliat the judicial inquiry did not settle tho question of tho drug and the gazogene . It is unfortunate also that Dr . King baa before been conspicuous as an accuser . According to hints which ho threw out years back , all other Arctic voyagers were humbugs—their fur a dralnfttic costume—their hardships pretences j for he found that , in a simple shooting-jacket , ho could endure the rigours of tho winter . The fact is accounted for , perhaps , by the volcanic heat of his temper . Transcending all other commercial or personal ecaudate for the yveck , is tho report of the Committee appointed by the Shareholders in the Eastern Counties Railway Company , Was not this « mo of Hudson ' s lines ? Did we not think

    that it was completely reformed and purged of all such * managenaeutj " Yet ,, what do we find ? " ' 'We find an " entire railway company befooled —' - its Funds used to establish branch lines , leased to private contractors — to give wagons and the use of capital , and a practical monopoly to a coal company—to engage in naval enterprise , by adopting establishments of steam-boats—to assist the pushing proprietor of a tea-garden by help ing him to build a dancing saloon , and-toy sharing with him the traffic of the line itself . We find it furnishing rolling stock for this or that off-lying company , supplying money to renew stores of which there were no vouchers , and leaving its own main line with a modicum of provision for repairs ; its directors mystified , not enlightened , by the accounts habitually presented . But no justice can be dope to the case in a hasty and summary notice . It is a mine which we shall have to excavate , and certainly no geology in the land promises to disclose to us stranger monsters of the past than this new cutting into the affairs of the Eastern Counties . Personal matters have occupied no small space in public view . Admiral Bbuat , who shared in the attack upon Sebastopol , has died on his return home to enjoy his honours . Even Count Mole , the grand impersonation of old French noblesse and Conservatism , merits a passing regret . Mr . Roebuck , and other Liberals , have held a preliminary meeting in Radley ' s Hotel , for the purpose of founding a memorial to Joseph Hume . The foreseeing army-suigeon contractor became the grand economist of the English Radicals , and really procured some of the best reforms for the middle and working classes of this country . Dukes , Marquises , Lords , and Right Honourables , have crammed Willis ' s Rooms to suffocation , with a " distinguished" meeting , to commence the establishment of the Nightingale Memorial . This is to be a school for nurses—the professional Nightingales , who are hereafter to continue in English hospitals the reformed attendance which ^ she hegan at Scutari . She did her work for love : will paid Nightingales ever do their work so well ? Yes , if , with the pay , due consideration be given to the women , a high training , and that spirit embodied in the institution which shall render the service zealous , although paid .

    , T It T Wap _L Xx. Ji. Vv A. ±C.

    THE WAR .

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 1, 1855, page 1142, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2117/page/2/