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/ f ' V # m M ^^ ^9* ' war ^bh^ ^^ ^ffl^^^ ^^^3^. A. POLITICAL AND LITEE1KY EEYIEW.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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/ F ' V # M M ^^ ^9* ' War ^Bh^ ^^ ^Ffl^^^ ^^^3^. A. Political And Litee1ky Eeyiew.
/ f ' V # m M ^^ ^ 9 * ' war ^ bh ^ ^^ ^ ffl ^^^ ^^^ 3 ^ . A . POLITICAL AND LITEE 1 KY EEYIEW .
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•' The one Idea which . History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and , by setting ' aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , havrag one great object—the free development of o-ot spiritual nature . "—Humboldft Cosmos .
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VOL . VIL No . 303 . ] SATURDAY , JANUARY 12 , 1856 . Price [ S ^ l ^ . // Ii ^ ENCE
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and it could not be altered without their sanction . Now the last Russian proposal was that the Black Sea should be neutralised by a separate convention between Russia and Turkey . The intervention of the Allied Powers was distinctly repudiated by Russia , and it has all along been understood , with great probability , that Russia would on " no . ground .
kind in the disclosures respecting Kars—disclosures altogether enough to make us understand that there is something seriously wrong , without knowing the part that our own representative had taken . General Williams evidently possesses the highest capacities for a commander : his army , composed of Turkish forces , appears to have been a model of military virtue * bearing hardships which very few civilised armies have had to endure , and enduring even the last despairs of life , certain to end in death , without the disorders that usually burst forth in a soldiery thus situated . It is now
known that the supplies for that heroic band were diverted by the gross corruption of the Turkish officials , particularly the officials in Asia . The food intended for the soldiers did not reach them , the ammunition was" kept back , the medical stores were ludicrously inappropriate . Wei ! , this tendency of the Turkish administration was thoroughly known to the Allies , and yet it has not been corrected . At one time we are told , that
effective support for General Williams was kept back by the jealousy of the French , who will not permit an English force to advance in Northern Asia ; at another , that Lord Str . \ tford de Uedcmffe , jealous of his own personal ascendancy at the Porte , had been intriguing and obstructing the really effective measures of the Turkish Government : and now he is exonerated at the expense of
O . viiVR Pacha , who is reported to have sacrificed t he interests of his adopted master the Sultim to his personal piques and projects of aggrandisement . These apologies rest upon desultory recriminations , and the net result ia only that we can have no confidence either in the action of Turkey herself , or of those Allies who profess to have some kind of control over her actions .
These dissensions and defections do so serve the cause of the enemy , that if the professedriEaTTBr * k against Russia really intended tor ^ i c ^ nwnbilat ^ the Czaii by mutual compromise . , U $ jf ' cbuM ; . scarcely adopt a better course . ' , , . / [• ' ^ y ^ i The demonstration which reach ^ iji s ' tlji ' s AxojpK ' is a real satisfaction . It is a bold ' psb ^ e . ifet by /^ jj ^ - William Codkington against % cbe ]» wsheSJ- of drunkenness which have been so swii ^ gin ^ lEyH ^ lB il ^ nguinst the English soldiers in the Crtaqjigu ^ i § k > William meets the charge with a direct denial
consent to relinquish any of her territory . Here then are two conditions which we may presume Russia to be at present quite unprepared to make , ¦ while they are evidently introduced into the proposals by the Allied Powers as a step in advance which they have a right to take in consequence o f their military acquisitions .
RUSSIA , it is understood , has taken her choice , and although it is probable that her reply to Austria is not couched in the form of an absolute rejection , it appears to be nearly certain that it will be suclv as not to interrupt the course of the war . The supposition is that the Russian Government will prove to have declared the propositions of Austria a proper basis for further negotiations , but it is not supposed that even Austria will receive such an answer as the real overture for
negotiation . The terms , it would appear , are offered for the acceptance or refusal of Russia . If she accepts them , it will be open to her to negotiate on the mode of carrying out the terms , and her acceptance must be the preface to any further communications . It is not supposed that she has accepted .
Nor , after the circular from the Russian Chancery to her representatives at foreign courts , was it probable that she would accede to the proposals now made . They are in fact an advance upon the Four Points , and so far the publication of the text vindicates our own Government , and assigns to Austria a new place in the relations of Europe . We have been too much disappointed in the action of that Power to lay great stress upon her present
paper demonstration , and yet , unquestionably it ia decidedly stronger than the treaty of December 2 . The description given of the proposals in the papers does scanty justice to their real force . The plan would involve the complete resignation of Russian control over the Principalities ; new religious nml political rights recognised by the Sultan for hia own , subjects after deliberations with Austria , Fnince , and England , ami with Russia when she
shall have concluded peace ; complete neutralisation of the Black Sea ; a rectification of the Russian frontier with Turkey , so as to leave the Danube completely free from Russian control ; this ceded territory being demanded on the ground of an exchange for the strong places and territories which the Allies now occupy . Although the bnlnnce of the forces in B the Blnelt Sea would be arranged b > y a separate convention between Russia and Turkey , it would be under the sanction of the Allied Powers ,
As a supplement to these Austrian propositions , we have the circular of the Swedish Government , to its representatives at foreign courts , announcing the treaty of alliance with France and England . The treaty is entirely " defensive "—it does not draw Sweden out of her neutrality ; it will be of none effect if Russia do not occasion its enforcement by aggressions on Swedish territory . Being alarmed at the encroachments of
tlie great Power , especially of late , on the Norwegian frontier , Sweden lets the Western Powers defend her—that is all . At least , it is all on the face of tlie treaty ; but evidently it renders Sweden a dependent on the Western ! Powers instead of being a dependent on Russia , and it gives any force proceeding up the gulf of Finland a dependent friend in its rear , instead of a Russian dependent .
We cannot even yet , however , speak with confidence . According to rule , the Ministers of this country , professedly responsible to Parliament , maintain , a resarve inconsistent with real responsibility . Their reserve relates not only to military matters in which it is customarily admitted , but to political relations . We are not really certain in what position our Ministers , our Sovereign , or the
country itself stands towards the enemy , our Allies , or the ncutrnls . For anything that we know , there may be nn understanding between the diplomatists of all those countries , closer , and more mysteriously governing ouch member of ( he diplomatic circle k than the relations between the Allies and over-ruling the duties which Ministers owe to their country . There ia some juutificntiim for doubts of Una
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REVIEW OF THE WEEK— tag * Our Civilisation 30 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— I tlntroduction to Genesis 41 America 31 \ r . nM ^ nn- , P > m ^ uf ir Napoleon en Deshabille 42 The War ... 26 Ireland .... 32 M ^ r £ t ? rn Or ^ ntilsV ^ nYii " " It Sir Edward Belcher 43 War Miscellanea 27 The Orient 3-2 m Tn , kh WilS P " ^ 7 Laura Gay 44 Public Mating 27 ! Letter from Paris 32 T , eR M [ tZkT ' ¥ z The Bishop ofWt « r on Tables and Continental Notes 32 The Kster at Kars It THF ABT c _ Table-Cloths 28 Obituary 34 .. £ * £££ rISmv ™ " " % l THE ARTSThe Faie of Franklin 28 Naval and Military News 34 ThP P ? rMaS « at 1-I ^ -at it The Haymarket Revival of the Mr . F . O . Ward on the Tunnel The Romance of » The Times" .... 34 More Pention List Vaff ' ariM 39 " Beaux'Stratagem" 44 Question , and on the New Me- i Miscellaneous . 31 More Pension List Vagaries 39 tropolitan Board of Works 29 « nwMtn /\ i » i ai-f-ah- > c . A Thankless Child so i POSTSCRIPT- LITERATURE- COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSA Blind Swindler 30 } ruaiaOhiri City Intelligence , Markets , Ad-Two Executions 30 ; The Swedish Declaration 35 Summary 40 vertisements , &c . 45
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 12, 1856, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2123/page/1/
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