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as it is applied to the soldiers at large . He admits that there are cases of drunkenness , but they are exceptional . At a time when the soldiers were enjoying an unusual supply of pay , the oases of drunkenness only amounted tar > one pec * cent ., in each alternate day , and- ' in several instances i different eases of drunkennes ^ applied to the * same individual . "The number oilmen , therefore , who are incorrigible appears to l ) e something less than one half per cent ., or allowing for cases that escape detection , between one and two per cent . This is far from being a large proportion amongst English- , men of the uneducated class , and ' as Sir William speaks with practical knowledge , his pretest ? is likely to be as true as it is eloquent- in the sim » plicity and directness of -tire language * Another Commander appears with a protest , but this time it is not a General championing bis army , but an Admiral championing himself . Sir Cha . bi . ks Napiejr joins combat with , the Times , which had sneered at the Generals and Admirals of the present day , admitting that we cannot expect from men a genius which must come spontaneously , but insisting that officers should perform the duties set before them . Sir Charles , therefore , rakes up cases in which Nelson , Saumarez , Hotham , and many others who had been before fortified rocks , and did not attempt any attack . Many dashing things have been done by frigates and boats , says Sir Charles , but by fleets never , except at Algiers and Acre- — they were defended by Turks and Egyptians . Sir Charles sarcastically proposes that' his old friend of the Tirpes . should take the command of the fleet in the next-campaign . The Editor declines the appointment ; nor is it probable that the Admiralty would select either Sir Charles or his protege in Printing -house - square ? Indeed , it is expected that the . Admiral of the Baltic Fleet next year will be a new . man—new at least in-that region . Some say Admiral Lyons . Another leader , on a more remote field , is making a progress that has been denied to our own Commanders . General Walker , must be by this time far into tlie heart of Nicaragua . He takes towns , seizes the notables , sentences contumacious Generals to capital punishment ; and , in fact , > is already acting like a dictator . As he advances , it beeomes ~ understood that he is acting with Colonel Kinney at Greytown ; no doubt , also , with a native party more or less avowed ; and we must look forward at a very early date to a repetition of the Texas movements in . Nicaragua , How far our Government will be able to prevent such a consummation , we doj not know . By the encroachments at San Juan de Nicaragua , we have placed ourselves out ; of court ; by our attacks on ' the Government at Washington , we have weakened any public opinion that could have restrained the citizens themselves '; and we have even assisted in weakening the ' influence of the Government at Washington , which has done something towards stopping Waxkeh ' s expedition , by arresting n vessel filled w ; th recruits at New Orleans . In another region , too , the vvor makes progress j bulj , here , both sides are gaining ground . We mean the contested territory of the Eastern Counties Railway . We lately saw Mr . Waddington explaining , away the report of the Investigation Commjttec . PCq was followed up by Mr . Director Fanb , w | th , astpunding , assertions that , instead of the j £ 3 , 200 allotted by the Investigation Committee to ^ repairs and ncnqwft la , of permanent wny , the . Doctors , hare ; expended , more than £ S ( J , () OQ , a ^ mp , far , transcending anything that Mr . Wa ij - - j ) fN ; G ?/ ON claims Tina Ipoks stingo ! Stranger ftftl , spme of the explanation ? hy , Mr , IIbnry
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26 THE LEADER . | No . 303 , Saturday ,
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Going Over a Rajxway Pabapet . —An old man in a cart , who was driving over a railway bridge near Reading , dropped his whip . It was dark , and , getting out to pick it up , he stepped on the parapet ( to which the cart was veiy close ) , and immediately afterwards-went over onto the rails . He died in about an hour . Health ., ob London—The deaths of 1247 persons —namely 630 males and 617 females , were registered in Lpndon in the week that ended last Saturday . Taking the first week in each of the last ten years ( 1846-55 ) it is found that the average number of deaths then , registered was 1311 , which , if raised in proportion io increase of population for comparison with the present -return ,- becomes 1442 . The milder chaiJaefcer of the weather , indicated by a rise of 14 degrees in the mean weekly readings of the thermometer , has been attended with maiied effect in the reduction of the mortality . Deaths arising from pulmonary diseases , in which class bronchitis , pneumonia , and asthma form the principal beads , numbered consecutively 267 , 293 , and 348 in -three previous weeks ; last week they declined to 253 . Mr . Chatwood , the registrar of the St . Paul sub-district ; , in St . George-in-the-East , says -.--- " Hooping-cough is very prevalent in my district . The total number from this disease in the metropolis was 49 , not bo great as in the previous week . Typhus was fatal in 47 cases ; scarlatina , -which declines , in 35 ; measles in 31 ; small-pox in 11 . Diarrhooa is returned in only 9 cases ; and for a considerable time London has been entirely free from cholera . There were 2 deaths from intemperance . Last mek , the births of 853 boys and 809 girla , in all 1662 children , were registered in London . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1846-55 , the average number was 1579 . —Front the Regi 8 tr < tr-QeneraVs Weekly Return . The Administrative Reform Association hold a public meeting on Thursday evening , at the Bridge House Hotel , South wark . The principal apeech was that of Sir Charles Napier , who ruentionod , as a result of the labours of the association , that cadotships are now thrown open , and that his grandson , who is endeavouring to obtain one , will have a fair chance , and will only be supplanted by somo one iuoro fitted for the place . Roferring to his old grievance i n connexion with Sir James Graham and the want of gunboat 3 in the Baltic , ho said he thought impeachtneut too good for such porsous . Resolutiona expressing accordance VTith the principles of Administrative Reform were -carried unanimously . llAaauD Sonooi , s—Lrml John Rnasoll vi « tt , od the Ragged School and ' Farm at Gloucester , on Thursday and afterwards presided at a public mootin" to promote the objects of the school . Accident on the London . and NoiiTii-Wiwtunjx Railway . —Tho up Scotch express train , on Friday week , ran into a goods train on the North-Western lino at Watford . T 2 ie driver of the latter wan jii » t issuing from a aiding iuto the innin line , when the oxprowl caught the gooda engine at the nido , t \ nd throw it off tho rails . Tho ooupling-cliainB , however , broke and tho < 3 amagOH OBoapod without much hurt ; but the guard of tho Qxprom yvirn a good deal shaken . 1 « roin nn Inquiry aubaoijuontly iniulo , it appeared that tUo driver of tho goods train mw tho oxprosa coming down tho main lino , but , misouloulathiR Mb snood , thought ho should not reach the end of tho ( siding before tho oxpretm Lad puagod . When ho found uio miHfcako , ho caused the danger Hignalu to bo put up and tho driver of the . oxproMH « Wfc off hi . ) » toam ami royorsed hiH © nginoa , but not in- time to prevent tho collision .
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T % E general dulness in the Crimea has been relieved by * - little skirmish between the French and the Russians ,, which took place on the 26 th of December , by way of celebrating what is vulgarly called ' " Boxing Night . " The volunteers of General d'Autemarre , it seems , attempted a coup < de < main > Against the Russians , who had taken up-a position against that Commander ' s outposts . Favoured by -daiikness , our Allies killed eighteen of the enemy , made thirty-eight prisoners , and captured thirty—muskets . No Frenchman was either killed or wounded . The Russians have increased the
fortifications which they have raised near Inkermimn , and have unmasked the batteries near the Tchexnaya . They have fired with great activity on the r men . employed in preparing ., the ex plosion of the . docks at Sevastopol ; but same of the docks li&ve already been'TJlown- ' up ,. and the rest will follow . In the midst of diplomatic hankerings after peace , serious preparations for renewed hostilities are going on in the chief cities of th , e Allies and in St . Petersburg . The Council of War at Paris , of which we have heard much lately , has
commenced its proceedings . The Duke of Cambridge who ( forthe nonce ) represents England , and General Delia Marmora , who , notwithstanding an accident he has met with , will represent Sardinia , have arrived . Marshal Pelissier will not- represent France , as he prefers- remaining , in the Crimea ; and bis place will be supplied by General Martimprey . On the other hand , a Grand Council of War is already being held in St . Petersburg , the members of which , it is said , are principally engaged on the questions relating to the fortification of the strategic points of the Empire . The fortifications of Kievv will he finished between , this time and the end of the winter- - Tlie « various Generals
are exhibiting great activity in erecting additional works of defence , and establishing entrenched camps for the troops who aie to operate-in the three provinces of Esthonia , Livonia , and Courland . Guns with a long range , and on an improved system , are being cast in the Imperial foundry at St . Petersburg ; and fortifications of defence , on a vast scale , are in progress at various parts of the country . " It is believed at Revel and Riga , " says a Hamburg letter in the Indipendance Beige , " that an Anglo-Fxench force will be landed in the three Baltic provinces the moment the navigation becomes free , and that hostilities will be simultaneously carried on along both banks of the Gulf of Finland . "
New levies aye being perpetually made . The Czar has ordered the Minister of the State Domains to raise another corps of Chasseurs , to do battle against the enemies of " orthodoxy " and of holy Russia ; the word " orthodoxy '' being supposed to convey an implied threat to Austria . An Imperial order has been issued , commanding three fresh Finnish battalions of sharpshooters to be formed , together with a reserve for each battalion . Erich of che new battalions is to ic six hundred men strong , and the reserve one hundred and sixtyforty men for each company . After May 15 th , 185 ( 5 , when the three fresh battalions will be completed , there will be no less than nine Finland national battalions of sharpshooters , viz , Abo , Wasa , Uleaborg , Kuopio , St . Michel , Tavastehuus , Bjorneborg , Nyland , and "Wy borer .
From Asia we have a few additional particular , but none of great importance . Omar Pasha , according to a despatch from fc 3 t . Petersburg , has retreated on Redout ~ Kaleh , where his troops suffer much from the inclemency of the weather . Tlie Russian detachments of militia and the Mingrelian militia , says the same despatch , do great mischief to Omar ' s rear-guard . For two duys , when near Kutais , the nrmy of the Turkish Generalissimo was in want of provisions , in consequcmce of the overflowing of the rivers . Tho Turks at Redout- Knlcli are unable to communicate with Souchum-Kalch
by laud . Seventy Turkish vessels were recently lying at Constantinople , laden with munitions ol yvar , rcudy for transport to Souehum-Knleh ; and , in a Council held on tlie 2 < ith of December , flic Divan decided tlint n new and very largo army should be sent into Asia in the spring . Tho Ottoman forces under tho orders ol Soliui Pasha nn \ jstill cncminpcd iu the mountains of Dovish lioynou ; and Ilaliui Pasha is reported to have arrived ut , Ei' 7 . cro ; un , where troops arc being collected by il »<' Porto , Tho fortifications recently constructed n > ' <' only mounted , it is wud , with twenty-eight piccos
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II E W A R ,
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Bruce , w 3 > o appjpqgryto-convict Mr . Waddingroic of eguivoc ^ ion . For instance , in contralicting the statements of the Committee , that ; he Company had lost &om ^ 10 , 000 tOi » € 40 , 0 Q 0 j y-frauds in the pu » ehiu » e of storea ^> Mr . - ¥ ad- otikgton says that the auditors only represent ; hei loss at ^ 4 , 338 ^ , which really x * efe » a , to a ; otally different loss , says Mr . Bruce , namely , ; o the shortcoming of the stock 1 in hand ; ompared with that which ought to have been bund according to tlie account . The worst dis-: lpsure , however , is ^ tUat made by Colonel Wynne , > £ the-Royal ( Engioeerss who , at the request < of ' tne Norwich . . Coiporatiou ,. was . appointed . Jby -the . Board if i Trader t& > . repott on . the > line from . London ) to-Norwich via Cambridge . That part of the line he * lescribes as reposing upon timber sleepers , upon imber piles forthe viaduct over swampy ground , . nd upon trauverse timber beams for the bridges he timber in all -casefr rotting away , and in- same uses to the extent of half its thickness-r-a railway n active use falling away like an old ruin ! Such s British commerce in 1856 .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 12, 1856, page 26, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2123/page/2/
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