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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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i * fck > S 8 ^* k % ftu * Jfe ^ : d& ? rikM ^ m ;^ 1 ®! l&c < agikfc >« Mfe ^ , TB ^* IftttU ^ -5 yAtept && \ swenteea . iT ^ e ^ Pftfe ^ d ^ tovf&e ^ keWr s * lf « 'yi « leat ; for ^ e ^ ud experame&t&ity established by Medworth—that . j&e . aeeideratiQlfcwhieh 5 tji ^^( j «» wip 3 iss , « by , a »< we .-Uxwi j l ** Jf , ' iih © . feulk of a sA"iU » S « Ji gR « tream ,, makes coobq , iu lite Oohanael -jybieh tfcW » $ S ; it i ( whether ifc . be >»* . tttbe © T- a tunnel ) . for tri-/ ttou £ » ry , a 1 $ uents . They do > not consider that each of J ^ se . isfflueEtts , as it ett . tera--. the tuaaei in its turn , not -. paly brings to the main ^ stream its own ^ acquired : j $ io-ment « uxn > ! but also tends to roise ^ the water lev ; el ; itkms&j jjaoreasing the surface declivity ; thus , again , . ^ quickening the flow ; and so , lastly , make room for ftgsihf tributaries ; each of which , in its turn , repeats tike accelerating process , till the velocity reaches aevejeattimes . the aaaount attainable in a branchless tunnel . CB ©> t perceiving these principles , they cannot of iCWSeaehpwceiv © that the larger the tunnel isa stjud the ADCtaller its-rate of declivity , the larger will be proportion of Telocity due to the stream itself , and the less iWiUbethe relative iufiuenoe of Ida © xaere inclination « f . the , channel . This is why the fallacy of their fornxula becomes more and more consipicuous as the tunnels to which it is applied become larger ; and as sernors . of calculation involve more serious ci > nsequences . This , lastly , is why they are unable to compute-the velocity of a stream , through a channel on a dead level ; as , for instance , through their level aqueduct wer the Lea ; . the velocity and discharge of -Wkiclshare accordingly not to be found at : the . place ' ftfhere" ithey should' ha-ve been set forth * ( page 37 of vth © "f Calculations . ' ) ; At this point I interpose a challenge . * ' I ^ hallenge Messrs . Stephenson , Cubitt , Haywood , and Bassalgette , jointly and severally , to state , if they oan , the velocity with -which th « water . will flow - 'through-their level aqueduct over the Lea . What--OT ^ r velocity they state , I pledge myself to prove it - ¦ wrongby other figures of their own . "Lam exceedingly anxious to mate this , matter plain toUthepublic—to bring the . fallaey of this formula ? honae ( to every , man ' s common sense . " For this-purpose let us take an imaginary case . iLefc us suppose that the river Thames * where it is 50 O feet wide aad ten feet deep , had ( if I may use the •^ expression ) to be set up edgewise , and made to flow 4 a a -ravine ten feet wide and 500 feet deep . Its velocity , according to the formula of Messrs , Stephen-• son , Cubitt , Hay wood , and Bazalgette , would not be ¦ increased'bv the change , provided only that the slope 'dJPthe ; bottom of the ravine were precisely equal to -th *« lopeof -the original riverbed . Yet who does nab se © : that this altered disposition of the water would 1 transform its quiet stream into a furious torrent — 'tearing impetuously albng , and bursting ; through « very obstacle in its course ? fe To this formula , however , and to its extravagant consequences , Messrs . Stephenson , Cubitt , Hay wood , aad Bazalgette are unfortunately pledged beyond retrieval ; as also were the party whom Mr . Thwaites ' election overthrew . So strong were their convictions on the Bubject that they actually put one of these colossal works in hand ; and 150 feet of 12-fooi ; tunnel stand , a lasting memorial of error , at the east end of Victoria-park . That monstrous fragment will never , I am persuaded , be prolonged . The floods oi tke Fleet valley will- never thunder through it ; and no turnip , launched on the Ranelagh rainbrook at Kil' bMrn / will awim , whether at ten miles an > hour , or two ., beneath'its capacious arch . It # will > Temaini . < what ; it is —a dry vault ; the monument , and I hope ; the tomb , of an- exploded fallacy . " Between the extravagant designs baaed on that fallacy , and the practical suggestions of ' plain John Roe ' s' experience , the new 'Metropolitan Board oi Works wilL shortly be called upon to , choose on behalf'of the London ratepayers . They have made a ¦ flfcep in the right direction by declining the presidency of a gentleman who , last month , carried against me , by two to one , a voto oapressing confidence in the engineers , and refusing tlio inquiry iI asked TJjey have made a step , bettor and bolder still , in ¦ electing oa their chairman tho man who , with only sfcmKtoi back him , stood by ' me on that occasion ; and "irho , when- out-voled ( not ; out-reasoned ) , entered shis written protest against ' the decision of ; the majority , In- that moment of apparent victory Richard Jebb "tell . In that moment of nominal defeat John Thwaibes ¦ / virtually acceded to power . Before an umpire at > once so impartial and aoi bold , « Iad before . au assembly ;< vkich h « 3 had the sagacity to . single him oufrasiite leader , I am confident truth . will prevail . No juggling * Wtttw double formula ) will puzzle their plain oommon WBttao ; . JIb . ey » will not Buppreas , aa inquiry booauae of j ^< r ? *^ eni < Bnce to a ¦ ° li < luo ; will they sacrifice &oT 4 > vQQito the prestigo of an eminent xuvmo . ' ^ I . lxaiyoithoihouour to be ^ air , &o . " 12 , <> Coriki » t ^ Burlingtonrgardena , Dec . 24 , 1805 . "
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A THANKLESS OH f LI > . wnuted a , few days ago upon "Mr . Norton at the
IjSLnabeth Tnoliee-cd » rt , to asfe Jjis . advace i « ader very paufel ^ pc-umatanees . He had carried on bttBiuess as . a - ) in 9 it&ter ; . at Elkjngtoxi , iaiDerbyshnre , hut had failed , and was reduced . fco live on the interest of 41 , 500 ,, jyae . marriage settlement of bis wife , who was * eister-ift . law of a vMeiaber of Parliament . Her apprenticed feis son to a ;! grocer ; but , when the .. yo-uth oAme of » ge > , some . doubt arose as to whether the property did not belong fco bJUn and Mr . Slagg , to avoid law expenses , consented to give up all interest in the ^ 1 , 500 , which he yielded to his son , together with a large amount of family plate . A grocer ' s shop at Cambervvell , was then opened for the latter , and it was agi-eed that the father was to live with him . But the son shortly began to pay his addresses to a young woman whom the father did not like . He therefore urged his son to make choice of some one else . The marriage , however , took place , and the son waa soon induced to turn his father out of the house , aod to refuse a sixpenoe for his support . Had it , not been for the humanity of the persons with -whom ho lodged , he would have starved . He had endeavoured , but unsuccessfully , to earn a subsistence for himself , independent of his son ; he had applied to his son for relief ; and he had written to his cousin , who is the son of a member of Parliament , to intercede with his child , and endeavour to soften him . But to this latter application , the son had returned for answer that the union would be the fittest place for his father ; " so that , " said the poor man , bursting into tears , "he would send me as a pauper to th « very parish of which I was for many years one of the principal guardians . But I would die of starvation first . " Mr . N " orton , with many expressions of sympathy with the father , and of horror at the unnatural conduct of the son , placed Mi * . Slagg under the care of the second clerk of the office , and referred him ; to the chairman of the Nevvington Board of Guardiaas . In the meanwhile , he promised to supply him from the poor-box with whatever lie might require for his present necessities . Mr . Slagg expressed his gratitude , and withdrew .
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A BLIND SWINDLER . Chas . Alfred Rickabt , a notorious blind swindler and James Rickaby , his sou , have been tried on two charges of forgery and fraud . In the first charge , a solicitor , named Justice , accused Rickaby of having defrauded him of £ 68 5 s . In the month of November , 1850 , Mr . Justice was visited by Ricikaby , who stated to him that his name was Rowe , and that he called to request that he would immediately proceed against a man named Ai * mstrong , who owed him money to the amount of £ 68 , as well as rent for a house which Armstrong then tenanted . As the lawyer really had a client of the name of Rowe , whom he knew was blind , but whom he had never seen , he had no doubt of the truth of Rickaby ' s statement , and therefore wrote to Armstrong in the usual form , requiring payment . Armstrong shortly afterwards calkd upon him and agreed to pay the £ 68 , and also a half quarter ' s rent ; but ho said that before he did so he should require that certain dceda relating to property which belonged to his wife , and which he said had been handed to the pretended Mr . Rowe , should be given up . This request was communi-cateel to Rickaby , who again called at Mr . Justice ' s ofiSce , and said that lie was willing to deliver up the deeds , but , as he had placed them in other hands , and had money advanced him upon them , ho could not give them up until he was paid the £ 68 . The lawyer therefore at onco gave the prisoner a check for that amount , and he left the office , promising to bring the deeds that afternoon ; but Mr . Justice from that time Baw no more of either Rickaby or Armstrong . Tho whole affair was then discovered to bo a fraud , and Armstrong was subsequently tried and sentenced to imprisonment . Tho second caso against Rickaby was one of forgery , a £ 50 bill of . exchango having been signed in n falee name and uttered . In this transaction he was assisted by James Rickaby , his son , and a young man napicd " William . Cox , who also appeared in tho indictment , Last September , Messrs . Howard and Gatty , solicitors in . Angel-court , Throgmorton-fltroofc , ivore cnllod upon by the Wind iuapoator and Cox , the , former of whom stated that ho had been recommended thoro l > y a Mr . Thompson , and that ho wished the firm to institute proceedings against a gentleman living in Connaughtterraco , Edgware-road , named Howard Clinton who owed tho prisoner - £ 120 . Mr . Howard accordingly wrote to tho addroRS mentioned , requiring paymont of tho money , and in duo course ho recoivod a letter acknowledging tho debt and offering to pay £ 70 down and the remainder by n promifiBory axoto at a month . Tho lawyer upon this communioated tho proposed terms to Riokaby , who at onco acoeded to thorn , and eventually Mr . Howard rooeiveda latter from the suppoeod Howard Clinton , containing £ -10 in bawkrnotoH and a promissory notofor ^ £ 0 . Thoso ho ahortly afterwards handed over to Rickaby ; but eomo difficultioa oroao as to tho paymont of the money , Itiokaby wanting- Mr . Howard to oanh tho £ 50 piomiHBory
note for himi wljioh the lawyer refused to do . As Mr . Howard learnt not longiafter this that Rickaby -was in custody , be . made an investigation , of the matter , and discovered that the affair was an imposition ; that no eueh person as Howard Clinton lived at the address which Jhad been -given , but that young Rickaby had had letters addressed to him in that name , at a stationer ' s shop , for which he had paid 6 d . The letter to Mr . Ho ward , and the signature to the promissory note which it inclosed , were ascertained to be in the younger Rickaby ' s hand-writing . The only evidence against Cox appeared to be that he had accompanied Charles Rickaby on the first occasion of the visit to Mr . Howard ' s offices , and the Recorder at the close of the caso for the prosecution intimated his opinion that there waa not sufficient evidence as regarded him to go to the jury . Hickaby was convicted on both charges . His son was found guilty on the second indictment . Both the prisoners asserted their innocence in a very insolent manner ; and the father had the effrontery to say that if he only had time he would bring Mr . Clinton forward as a witness to prove tlxat he had . paid the promissoxy note , as he was then returning home from America for that purpose . The Recorder sentenced both the Rickabys to four years' penal servitude .
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TWO EXECUTIONS . Execution of Jonathan Heywood . —This man , who was found guilty , at the last Assizes , of the murder of a woman with -whom he had cohabited , was hung at Kirkdale on Saturday morning last by the ubiquitous Calcraft , notwithstanding the efforts of the local agents for the abolition of capital punishment , who prayed for a reprieve . Mr . Thomas Wright , " the prison philanthropist of Manchester , " paid frequent visits to the prisoner in the condemned cell , and succeeded in inducing him to express repentanoe for the licentious life he had led . Heywood did not , however , acknowledge that he had committed the crime for which he was about to suffer ; and he exhibited great selfpossession to the last , combined , 'however , with religious devotion . He ate a hearty supper on Friday night , and slept till five o ' clock on Saturday morning . An immense crowd assembled to witness the execution ; and some missionaries , baulked in their attempts to see the prisoner , dispersed themselves among the people , and " improved the occasion" by exhorting the young to take warning by the example offered them , and to live in temperance . ' It is said that their efforts were attended with some good in leading to a greater degree of decorum . Abraham Baker , the murderer of the girl to whom he was engaged , Naomi Kingswell , at Southampton , was hung at Winchester , on Tuesday . He met his end with great calmness . During his last days he completely exonerated the girl from charges which had been made against her nioral character . He wrote a letter to each of his relations , and left tlie ensuiug paper , addressed to the chaplain , but not finished : — "Jan . 8 th . c Mr . Rogers , —Dear Sir , —Muy tho Lord lielp me to leave a few words as my last here on earth—and may the Lord bless them—to every ouo of my dear fellowprisonero , and may tho Lord bless you , my dear minister—may yon be enabled to show tho rest of your flock the way to the fountain opened for sin and uncleanness—which sin shortened my life . What has brought mo here ? Pride—short prayers—not reading my Bible—Sabbiith-breaking ; , and all manner of wickodness , which ended my dayjj for shooting of my fellow creature . And may this "bo a solemn warning to you all for life . When 1 was brought to prison at Soiithaniptou my uiiuiator road tho 53 rd of Isaiah , which overflowed my eyea with tears ; another minister road the 51 st Psalm , and allowed mo tho awful condition I brought myself to , and my wicked heart bogan to open . 1 questioned myself as to who mado me , and where I should go if I was to dio this night , and began to cry , ' God bo nioroiful to ino a sinner . ' I began to read my Biblo ; 1 road tho Now Testament right through , and . « eomcd to understand it by praying to God for the help of the Holy Spirit . " The same dovotioual spirit waB exhibited to the last . As lio walked to tho drop , his voice wa « hoard appealing to tho Lord to receive his soul .
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OUR CIVILISATION . Mn . Commission mi Evans and Mu . Lcqyd . —Wo have received a visit from a friend of Mr . Oommissionoi Evans , who "undertook to express tho dissatisfaction of that goatloman « ii tho following remark which wo appended to tho oaso of John Ballad Lloyd , ns detailed lnat wook under tho lioad of " Our Ci-vilisation : " - — ** On tho face of it , the caao scorns one of groat hard-» Mp . " Wo really do not hoc wh ; at occasion tho Commissioner l \ n » for being offouded , or for connecting tho observation with himself . Lloyd aeuortod before Aldormnn Copoland , and hie HHsertionN hnvo not yot been disproved , that an illegal weissuro had been mado upon hia goods by sonao person « ot narnorl ; that tho bod had boox » taken from under liis wifo , who had but rooontly boon oouflnod ; and thut tho very windown and doom had boon carried away from bin dwelling ' It waa in tho desperation of thi « poverty « ud wrouy
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$ g > TcmBL . JEiA . PEB . [ No . 303 , Satukday ^
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 12, 1856, page 30, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2123/page/6/
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