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netted without an accompanying haul of small fry . Here we see the religious reaction exhibiting itself in its more imaginative and poetic phase . Its intellectual or ratiocinative phase was seen in the increased fervour and more thorough investigation thrown into the controversy between Rationalism and Supernatural ism in the Protestant Churches , and in the various theories by which it was attempted to place Christianity on a philosophical basis , at the head of which , and in an opposition to each other , stand the systems of Schleiermacher and the Hegelians . To these elements of interest have been added the fermentations within the Catholic Church , dating from the affair of the Holy Coat "—the struggle between Prussia and Rome on the question of mixed marriages , and the attempt at a Union of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches .
Trance comes next to Germany in the interest of its Church History durin ^ the last half century ; but here the drama turns not on the collision between Protestant interpretations or between Catholicism and Protestantism , but on the contest between Catholicism and Infidelity , and on the question of the external constitution of the Church . In the' first act of the drama , we see Jesuit rmssionanes planting huge crosses decked with lilies and little hearts , or lightening untheological laymen on their deathbeds by questions about Jansemus , Quesnel , and the Bull Unigenitus , while Liberalism in the background vents its scorn ma loud " aside . " Here are the elements of the ^ n ir ^ sec ondary P lot is the struggle between Ultramontanism and Galhcamsm , and we are still far from the catastrophe
. w * i rebglO . s * ru 8 gles of Germany and France are typical of those which haye been going Ward with greater or less vigour in every other country of Western Europe . Everywhere there is the sanfe conflict between Reason and taith ; everywhere the question is-shallthe Church govern itself , or shall it be joverned by the State j And it is a splendid task to tell the history of ths conflict as it has exhibited itself during the last fifty years , h JS ? S S l -T * ^ tas ^ has been done by Dr . Gieseler in the volume laboS-s h ^ , K 1 S prOl f i le tl \ ^ r have achieved much ™ ° ve if hb ^ t' ^ . ^^ i ^ ^ ? death . As it is , he has given « s no more 1 HltO
. SSh hShi ^ ° * ¦ w *? ? i " - 18 U ; admirable & the ability with thVm i ® ?*^ * facts and the impartiality with which he has presented tenSn ^ h ^ Tfe ^? *\ * ¥ * an ou ^ ' and in most cases not esnv hSf ? 5 T * i I Tf ° i Ume has been fo ^ ed from the . mat erials-left gMa wkdi he ^ uld , perhaps , have made large additions before published SiZfnZ l ? J I' ^ f / W who care about Chui-ch History , s ? urclonn ^ f - a ^^ ^ W ^ d ^ - Gieseler ' s volume an acceptable 3 Kri . » - * and a valuable bo ° k of reference . The section on PaDaista a S ? S ^^ w ^ Y *? Sketch of'digioJi . history in the wel ? dmS » 'T ? n &nCe l m Gath ° f Switzerland , and in Germany , is especially SecT ^ excellent starting-point for further study of the
chieflvVnS T * Katl ° l ^ Supernaturalism in German y is £ tthf iSSi- . | " ^ P ^ % prial class , and their polemics have fifteen vln n ^^ educa J fced PQrtipii of the people / But , about fcorrSnon ^ S ? ' Sf ? , , * ced a movement amongst the Protestants Sfff P oadl . S , that of the German Catholics under Ronge and Czerski ) rrmv-u aas given tne controversy a more popular aspect , ltns is ttie association of the lAchtfreunde , or Friends of Light , springing from various centres-Magdeburg , Breslau , and Konigsberg , and brought together by the common desire to free Christianity from the fetters of ecclesiastical confessions and
dpgmas , that its essential principles may have free development in accordance with the wants of the present age . The movement was pioximately caused by the indications of an increased tendency in the government , on the accession of the present King of Prussia , to favour the more rigid adherence to dogmatic formulae ; but Uhlich , the leader of the party in Magdeburg , seems , like Wesley , to have had in the first instance no desire that his associates should separate from the National Church , but that t hey should remain in it , in order gradually to effect a reform in spirit and doctrine . The Government , however , frowned on the Lichtfreun . de , and the result has been the formation of numerous free churches , in which the bond of faith seems to be of the most elastic kind , being woven apparently out of a mixture of nationalism and of that Pantheistic interpretation of Christianity which has been promulgated by the younger Hegelians . The following fundamental principles adonted bv the tretliurci
. e ot JNordhausen may be taken as an example :- —I . " God is the lea ther oi all , the livin g God , the eternal Spirit , the sole Lord of the world : His rule is eternally Truth and Love . " II . « Jesus is the Christ , the Saviour ot Man : Ins message of reconciliation is Truth and Love . " III . " The Spirit > s holy in his nature , he fills ihe Universe , and brings us forth from God at our tR m U l ^ , , & 1 » -G 6 d in our life , and return to God at our death : Ihe , blessing wherewith he blesses ua is Truth and Love " wviiJT v . % KPect ™ 1 , that the ideas and movements of the Lichtfreunde Si saluted by loud denunciations from the orthodox party in the + £ /¦ r J ^ Luthera F have become more intense and intolerant in 1 S Z i doctrines since the Government has inade the attempt to G ^ rv V ' ? . \ ' the Il ? r : £ hurch 5 and orthodox theologian * Germany differ frorn the same class in England rather hi their greater theological culture than m the greater amiability of their spirit . Hence , it is not chS ' ^^ 1 ° ? th , L ? htfre » nde \^\ separated from ? hc ' naUo " al church , . they were declared to have forsaken the true Light of the World , ami to be no longer brethren in Christ , and that the JSvangelische Kirchcnzeitunff , r . m , S p He " 8 . ? nl ) er 1 g "id his party , proclaimed tl , em to be much farther SSS foundations of true Christianity than the Pope and the foSn r r " - ? S lm ( l tl l ! USUftl effcct ifl heightening the centrifugal tests fn « i i i . ldents ' and the P votcst of the Lichtfreunde , like other profirst contemn ? t T CnrrymS tho Protostft " *™ beyond the limits the } nt
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M ' Art-Journol April . THE ^^ OUENAL . ^ ^ rrihat ^ r ^ " th ? &M ™ rnnl 'or the sake of romindinR our WoxL alt It afvT ^ Wft Vernon OalUry ia now oomphtod . SiSS ^^^^ SS ^ VSST cnch ft portfolio ' clftb !) rfttely
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VTe should do oiir utmost to encourage the Beautiful , for the Useful enco « T 0 « itself . — Goethe . " - > - ^ uxage 3
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We have received , from a private and authentic source , a copy of the fol lowing stanzas , attributed to Bisraxger . Some time since , we mentioned the arrest of a certain number of students , who raised the cry of " Vive Liberty ! " as a salutation to Beranger , at the tomb of the Rep ublican sculptor , David d ' Angers , It is known that the events of December 1851 , and the creation of the second Empire , profoundly affected the veteran Poet who had sung the glories of the first , and who lives to bitterly regret the halo of enthusiasm his immortal odes have shed around the memory of the founder of Imperial despotism in France : MON MEA CULPA AUX ETUDIANTS . Pauvres enfants ! quoi ! vous croyez encore Qu on peut crier : ' * Vive la LiberteJ " J 2 t sous les plis du drapeau tricolore Feter celui qui l ' a ressueite ! Mes mediants vers dont vous gardez memoire , Oubliez les , je viens les ronier , Si j . ' y croyais , je maudirais ma gloire : Ah ! ' pardonnez au pauvre chansonnier . Parquels cotes , ce temps qu ' on fait revivre , Ressemble-t-il auk jours reves par moi ? Mot , qui jamais n ' ai cesse de poursuivre Laqnais , ilatteurs , empereur , Pape , et Roi ! Si j ' eus des chants pour un grand Capitaine , C'est qu'ii etait sans sceptre et prisonnier , Brumaire etait puni par Sainte llelene . Ah ! pardonnez au pauvre chansonnier . Pour moi Nisard sera-t-il 1 ' eloquence , Et Leverrier un second Arago ? Suis je rami de la nuit , du silence , Et Belmontet me tient-il lieu d'Hugo ? Enfin , mon Dieu , si clement , si bonhomnie , Est-il le Dieu du sbire efc du geolier ? Est-il celui que 1 ' on protege a Rome ! Ah ! pardonnez an pauvre chansonnier . Oui ! j ' ai chante l ' epopee heroique , Des habits bleus par la vietoire uses , C ' etaient les fils de notre Republique , Battant \ ingt ans les Rois coalises ; Mais le Soldat , bien brosse , qui nous guette , Qui nous tuerait pour passer officier ; Est-il le mien , trinquant a la guingette ? All ! pardonnez ait pativre chansonnier . A la Pologne , a la noble Italie , La France doit une dette de sang j Le Canon gronde ! en avant ! mais folieM Si pres de nous le terrain est glissant . Allons porter plus loin l'independance , Au Turc , dut il se faire un peu prier , Peuples , vdila vdtre Sainte Alliance , Ah ! pardonnez an pauvre chansonnier .
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PORTRAITS OP THE QUEEN , PRINCE ALBERT , AND THE PRINCESS ROYAL . These are favourable specimens of Winteriialter's manner , and the lithographs give a very good idea of his style- There are few of our modern artists who are so weli able to approach the reality of life , and yet to give elevation of character . It is for these reasons that portraits in general fall so far short of the original . " We see the countenance and form in one single aspect ; we sire permitted , as it were , to converse for an instant . Now , there is nobody of fair information , intellect , and feeling , whose aspect does not change a score times within five minutes ; some new element of the character coming out at each change .
Howmwcli must that be the case with a woman who possesses such worldly power , so much cultivation , and such manifest feeling as Queen Vxctouia . ! How can one glimpse in the glass give us nn idea of Phince Albiskt ? Itis the business of the portrait-painter , as distinct from that of the photographer , not to produce a facsimile for the ona instant , but to collect the essence of the character , and to impress it upon material lineaments . . It is here that our English artists usually fail ; here that the real draughtsman of character excels . In this portrait of Queen Victoria , the artist has boon able to mark the progress of time in the Lady ' faco , without impairing the intelligence ov the grace . The portrait of Phince Alii rut is only less happy . Wo see the manner of the Prince ; can almost fancy that the figure inoves in bowing , as his Ho-val . IIiaiiNicsfl does with a diffusive benevolence to those who m « y
happen to be around . But we sec little of the philosopher , which the Pjunce really is . It is , however , a very ngrcealilc and graceful portrait . The Bkctch of the Piunceh . s Koyal is especially interesting just at tliis time . Everybody wants to know what sort of looking lady ia tho bride elect ; and hero ehe is . Tho fuco ia bright with feeling and intelligence . One recognises both parents , but particularly the Coburg clement in the form an " countenance . Both remind ua very strongly of tho King of tho Belgians , wh « n he was Prince Leopold . Tho portraits have been engraved on stone by Mr . It . J . Lanjc , and ore published l > y Mr . Mitchell , liond-street .
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332 THE LEADER . [ No . 315 , Saturday
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Leader (1850-1860), April 5, 1856, page 332, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2135/page/20/
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