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ptine tad had a good effect . The broad principle of punishment itself needed inquiry , to ascertain whether they were not depending too much upon reformatory grocesses . On those questions he relied very little on the opinions of lawyers , for the professors of any art generally take tie most limited views of that art . It would be most injudicious to return to the old system of transportation to the colonies , with its attendant horrors ; but it might be worthy of consideration Whether they coul < l not introduce into this country wbat in Prussia is called " internal transportation , "
and which , consists in removing criminals from , one rrt of the country to another , and employing them hard labour . The system of banishment had been Recommenced by some—of allowing the criminals to go where they liked ; and , if proper security could be taken against their return , perhaps that system would be the least objectionable of any . He would sxiggest jfcn addition to the amendment , consisting of the following words : — "And how far its provisions relating to . the discharge of prisoners may be susceptible of improvement . "
Mr . Baines thought that the effect of these words would be to limit , instead of to extend , the inquiry . —Mi * . Newdegate advocated a renewal of transportation ; and Mr . Fitzgerald was favourable to a modified form . — Sir Stafford Northcote thought a serious question for the committee would be found in determining howtlie prisoners are to be treated on their discharge . —Mr . Scott then -withdrew his motion , and the amendment of Sir George Gret was adopted as a substantive resolution .
SPECIAL AND SIMPLE CONTRACT DEBTS . Mr . Maxins obtained leave to bring in a bill to abolish all distinctions between specialty and simple contract debts . As the law stands , creditors T ? y specialty ( bearing a seal ) are paid from real estate before creditors by simple contract can participate , so that , wtere the assets aire insufficient , the specialty creditors come in and sweep everything away . His object leas to remove thai anomaly and injustice . TKtrST PROPERTY , &C . The Attorney-General obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the law relating to the criminal appropriation of -tiuxsfc property held by persons as trustees ox bailees . The special object was to put fraudulent trustees on the same footing as bankers arre placed , in reference to securities placed under their charge .
Sir Jobdt Sheliey . obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the law with respect to the election of directors of joint-stock banks in England . Mr . BotTVERiE obtained leave to bring in a bill to £ nien . d the Poor £ « aw , aa regards the appointment of auditors , &c . The Bankebs' Drafts Bill was read a second time . The Factories Bill was" read a second time ; amendments to be introduced in . committee .
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PUBLIC MEETING . EARL GHANVILLE ON EDUCATION . i * HE conversion of the old diocesan school at Bristol into a Tra-de school , and its opening on Friday week , was the occasion of a visit from Earl Granville ! President of the Council of Education . In these trade schools , there is added to the routine of education b course of instruction in the principles of science with special reference to trade and manufactures . After partaking of refreshments , and inspecting the b-uilding , the Lord President , the Mayor , and the Other noblemen and gentlemen , adjourned to the hall of the Society of Merchant Venturers , where a public meeting was held , over which Earl Granville
found in the ten foremost counties in that respect in England and Wales . On the other hand , the Somersetshire portion of the city was not in the ten worst counties , nor in the ten best , but it was below the aver a . ge of the whole counties of England and "Wales . He found that the averago of the men able to read and write in that part of the city was 66 and a fraction percent ., while of the women it was as high as 61 . " Referring to the means for advancing education , he observed : — " Sir Arthur Elton , " who had spoken at the meeting , " had referred to the Government being able to give a stimulus to education by disposing of public offices to educated men . The Privy Council liad tried a small experiment in that war , and it had
answered exceedingly well . In the same way there were few great employers of labour wlio could not even with advantage to themselves , find the means of giving a stimulus of this sort . The directors of the railway by which he came to Bristol had a regulation not to take into their employment any person who could not read and write , aud did not know something of arithmetic . { Hear , hear . ) He believed that this regulation entitled the directors of that line to be considered as greater educators than even the excellent , schools which they had established . { Applause . ) He was sure that the trade schools might act most usefully as a stimulus in this respect , always provided that they strictly adhered to the rule
without which their own efficiency would be destroyed , that they should require a strict examination as to whether the candidate who presented himself was really worthy to receive the necessary elementary instruction . It was certainly a most marvellous thing that the people of thi 3 country , while running the race of competition with other nations , should refuse to themselves such an element of success in commercial progress as that of education . "What would be said of a strong man who , having to eugage with a powerful adversary , should bind up one arm ? " { Applause . ) By a better system of education , Eiord Granville observed , we should create
a superior race of artisans , who would derive gratification from their employments , instead of that deadly weariness which had been illustrated by Sir Arthur Elton in the case of a man who put au end to his existence in consequence of not being able to go on working in a mere routine manner . After paying a high compliment to the llev . Canon Moseley for his great efforts in the cause of education , Lord Grauville referred to the chief features of the school which they had then met to inaugurate . "He rejoiced to find that the boys were there instructed in the ordinary branches of a sound English education . He TwjngrJ fcllElfci . Il tills ScliOol SOSC 1 ? , ! C ? 1 < CI TV . ^ d ]?** tnlcp . n t . f ) teach the English language—a subject which was too much neglected in every school of every class in this country . He believed there was no advantage which could be given to a man greater than to learn to speak and write his own language grammatically . It might be trivial to mention the circumstances , but he knew a lady who was proposed to and married by a very able man , not so much because ho had fallen in love with her personal charms as because he waa so delighted with the letters which she wrote to a third person . " { Laughter and applause . ) With some further observations on the advantages of education , the Chairman ' concluded , and the proceedings were brought to a close .
presided , ra the absence of the Lord Bishop of the diocesa through ill health . A report was then rend , various resolutions were carried , and , in answer to a vote of thanks , tho chairman addressed the meeting . Having alluded to tho rise of trade schools in Germany , where instruction in prnoticul matters has lately been i ; egarded an of greater importance than classical attainments , Lord Granville remarked that a Knowledge of living languages and contemporary fa . > ofcs is muph noocjed among Englishmen , though he did not think that knowledge should induce us eMtotrely to abandon classical attainments , tho effect of
tv-hich . is to humanize and elevate the mind . He tfaen glanced at the superior state of education in foreign ooiitatriOB to that which prevails in England . W -A . recent review in the Whnea stated that , ' as ovory Bavarian is able to read , the greatest prison punishment that can be inflicted is to tnke away books ft-orn tho prisoners / Now , it , wns melancholy f& * efl ot what vww tho pi-oportion of piisonex-s in our P ? 18 ^!? 01 } 'Whom , such a punishment oould possibly K ^^ K ^ t effect . It was a rfngulai- fact that Sif £ and Wales only 69 per cent , of the men JEM ^ " *^? 8 ^ * thoir nam o » *» marriage WttflbAtOT ) , ftndtbM there wore , only 56 por cOnt . of SSS ?? to Wtt-aE *
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IS MR . JOHN SADLEIR DEAD OR ALIVE ? This startling question ia mooted by a Dublin newspaper , the Nation , the writer of an article in which declares his deliberate conviction that there exist reasons of a solid , reliable character for believing that Mr . John Sadloiv has not committed suioide , but haB simply being playing tho trick , well known both in history and romance , of a pretended death and a supposititious corpse . Tho following are the grounds on which tlie writer bases his scepticism as to John Sadleir's suicide : —
1 . It appears from tho letters of the alleged deceased that he had contemplated suicide for a week before tho act ; yet on Saturday night ho was endeavouring to obtain money . —2 , From tho timo tho poison must have boon taken to fclio timo tho body wan discovered , thoro was not timo , considering tho ciroumstanoes of the death , for tho corpse to get quite cold and stiff , as it was found . —3 . The identification of tho body was extromoly doubtful , being , says tho Dublin writer , based o nly on -the representations of Sadleiv ' a sorvant , Elwyn , who lias known his mas tor " but eighteen months . " Tho deooased ' rolativos ,
his master told him to prepare two bottles , and that he thought the poison which had been sent for was some ingredient for a hairwash . [ The writer then very confidently draws his deduction that here was ' a man , who , as alleged , was on the point of committing suicide , busying himself in making a haixwash ! "We { Leader ) must say the deduction is quite unwarranted by the premises . Elvvyn did not say that his master was making a hairwash , but merely that he thoughthe was about to do so—that opinion being based on a misinterpretation of the contents of the bottle which had been filled at the chemist ' s . ]—5 . The place where the body was found was suspicious . " Why should Sadleir , intending to make away with himself by poison instantaneous in its effects , trudge out to Hampstead-heath , in the middle of the night , for the purpose , first putting into his pocket a piece of paper to tell his name ?" The article concludes with a remark upon the ease with which a body could be procured among the two and a half millions of the population of London . We must add , however , that a letter to the Times completely demolishes this most ingenious and most Irish figment .
though in town , did not - view tho body . " It may in addition , bo not undese rving of remark , that the reports in the public proas speak of a ohango in tho features of tho deceased , and of hi * looking older thun ho really was . " - —4 . " In the work of Dr . Taylor the toxioologist , which Sadloir , it is wtatod , had boon porumng on tho day of bin doath , is a dinouswion of the question as to whether dark linir can bo artificially changed to light , and bin account of nundry wnshoH of rooont invontion which ofl ' uotually pro duoo tho result . " Elwyn , in giving « vidonoo at the inquesfc , said tluvt oi > tho momorublo Saturday
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THE REVENUE . The official statement for the quarter that terminated on Monday exhibits a gratifying condition of the national resources . The result is an increase , as compared with the corresponding quarter of last year , to the extent of £ 1 , 477 , 645 , the items of which are as follow : — INCREASE . Customs £ 197 , 358 Excise ¦ ... » ., 37 , 082 Taxes 7 , 708 Property Tax 937 , 946 Crown Lands 1 , 000 Miscellaneous 55 , 141 £ 1 , 535 , 935 DECKEASE . Stamps £ 55 , 766 Post office ... 2 , 524 58 , 290 Ket increase £ 1 , 47 . 7 , 645 The net increase on the year , ending" on the 31 st March , 1856 , amounts to £ 4 , 497 , 671 .
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STATE OF TRADE . State of Manufactures . — The accounts of the nianufacturine'trade of the om . ini . trv duriue the . woek ending last Saturday arc satisfactory from all quarters , although a partial interruption has been occasioned by the Easter holidays , aud tke coldness of the weather has continued to exercise an influence . At Manchester , the market has been steady , aud the principal , houses are fairly supplied with orders . At Birmingham , the preliminary resolution of the .
ironmasters not to make any reduction of prices for the coming quarter has given stability to the trade , and it is also stated that the recent advices from America are less discouraging . Injthe potteries , tho agitation , commenced for free trade with Franco , has beon encouraged in a mannor which gives hopes of its extension . Tlio Nottingham accounts describe a partial diminution of aotivity . In tho woollen districts there has been continued steadiness , and in tlio Irish linen markets the transactions have beon numerous , with a good proportion of foreign orders . —Tiutes .
The Boaud ov Thadh itiSTUUNS for the month ending tho 29 th of February woro issued on Tuesday , and furnish proof of extraordinary activity in all departments of trade consequent upon the approach of peace . Iu tho declared vuluo of our oxportutions , thoro is tho extraordinary increase of . £ ' : 2 , ( 31 ) 8 , 331 , tho total for tho corresponding month of last your having been one of tho most unfavourable dining tho war . This incroaso is spread without exception through ovory branch of industry , but metals an < l tho yarns of ootton , linen , and wool , liavo experienced tho most conspicuous improvomuiit , in couHoquouco of tlio demand occasioned by tho growth of oonudunco
among continental manufacturer . Tho revival in the Australian trado seems to bo indicated hy an augmentation in tho shipments of Imbordawhory , hardwai'o , and leather . With regard to imported commodities , thoro is m > material alteration on tho iworago , the consumption of some articles pronouting a considerable inoroaao , while iu others thoro bus boon as largo a dooroaso . Wheat , flour , aud rioo , have arrived in augmented quantities . Cofl ' eo , wino , and tobaooo , figure for an incroaao , Of toa , tho consumption shows u diminution , although the importations havo boon oxtromol y hoavy . Sugar , » j » iritH , iruitfl , and apices , are likowiflo on tho iiiifuvoiirublu » klo .- — Idem .
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IRELAND . FjCAnffux Aooidknt at . DuwuN .. —A " wuko " was boing hold on tho body ol' < i oliild , iu a miserable alloy in Dublin , culled Puui'oho ' h-Iiuio , whon tho Wool ' / which way now ? the top of l , ho houHo ) Toll throug h
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318 THE ) L E ADBR . [ No . 315 , Saturday
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Leader (1850-1860), April 5, 1856, page 318, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2135/page/6/
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