On this page
-
Text (1)
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
tatipn wfcich } iad been adopted iia the 4-cts of * b © Vienna Conference , should be adhered to . *' Subsequently , . . ' ••• Sh ^ EuBBian Plenipotentiaries express a wish that , In order to Itasten , the proceedings of the Congress , the afgtfenent which had been come to at that time on cer-* afe I * fi 0 te , « hoald at all events be taken into account . . oT ^ e * tiv& paragraph of tbe first pomt , nhtmto the system -of defence in die ^ rancipftlfetea , having been read by Count Walewski , fctttt Brwuno ^ stated * feat the Russian Plenipo-Uwrtiinrnii would willingly refer on this point to the tem * B agreed on at Vienna ; to which Baron ^ de Bottrwaeney replied that , as the ideas on that » oi « t are now better denned , a reference would «« rt < jfleet the object contemplated .
o © n « he second point , Count Orloff observed that the presence at tbe mouths of the Danube of vessels of -war , 4 > earing tbe flags of Powers not fee * dermg *> n the Black Sea , would constitute an infringement of the principle of neutralization . fri- « enneSion with -the internal regulation of - ** 50 Sent Orlbff , jas well as Baron Huhner , and , after tfeem , the ether 'Plenipotentiaries , express an opinion fhatmeofion should be made , in the General Treaty , of theTMeasures taken : by the Ottoman Government . They appeal to the text itself of the fourth point , which imposes this as an olSigaiian on I 3 ie Plenipotentiaries , yet fl * rttetVao 3 teeiadice -slunki resuKfrom doing so to the
ilMirfmrirlrnrri anfl dignity of the- ^ ulfcan ' s Crown : " A « ii facha ,: finding bis powers insufficient for settling this point , said that he would communicate byttelegrajmwith bis Court . Coutrt Orloff , at tbe sitting <> f March 1 ( Protocol No .. 3 ) , stated the willingness of Russia . to accede to the stipulation that " henceforth that Jk » wer .. should no longer be able to rebuild or igtfiate&jxy -naval or -military establishment in the ^ J and-Isias i" but he thought that the stipulation ** should be recorded in a . Separate Act , to be ; eon-Cltfded between France , Great Britain , and Russia , those Powers 'having exclusively taken part in
the warlike operations of which tbe Baltic bas been the ; theatre . " With respect to the rectificatiqn of ' thefrontiers of the Russian and Turkish lDmpires in Asia , Baron Brunnow remarked that Austria had . given Russia an assurance that the separate conditions would involve no cession of territory . Count Walewski observed that Russia had ereeted forts on the eastern coast of the Black Sea , which she had herself in part blown up , and that it would be necessary to come to an understanding on this subject . Lord Clarendon insisted that these forts ought not to be rebuilt ; but the Russian Plenipotentiaries , " settingup the
distinction which , according to them , exists between , these forts and military-maritime arsenals , maintained the contrary- opinion . " ¦ The consideration of this point was adjourned ; and it does not seem at any time to have been resumed . The sitting concluded by Count Walewski maintaining that Kara should be restored to Turkey , by fche . energetic support of that proposal by the Earl of Clarendon , and by the Russian Plenipotentfaries admitting the principle , but desiring to postpone its consideration . At tha sitting of March 4 th ( Protocol No . 4 ) , Count Orloff objected to .. the destruction of to the interior Russia
Nicholaieff , as extending ^ a principle solely app licable to the coast ; but lie added that "the Emperor intends only to authorize the construction at Nicholaieff of the vessels of w * r mentioned in the bases of the negotiate * . " Eoj ? d Clarendon , and after him the other Plenipotentiaries , considered this declaration satisfactory . Ooctnt Qrk > ff ofterwards stated that"In order to prove the sincerity of his intentions , the Emperor had entrusted him to demand- if . . free passage through the Straits of the Bosphorus ftnd the Dardandtesfor the two ships of the line which alone were then atNichobueff , and which would have to proceed to the Baltic as soon as peace waa concluded . " of Azof
The conditions with respect to the Sea were discussed at the Bitting of March 6 th ( Protocol No . 5 ) , when Count Orloff stated that the aame exemption applies , in his opinion , to the Sea Of Azof as to Nicholaieff . He added that , " WUsula , tt « lng desirous of acting wholly in ponformity with the engagements which she haa > contracted , will mWtH £ Uldi * aaty ' where on the shores of the Black Sea , or in Mb tt « W * artws or in the waters which are dependent on it , »» V * MlM »» fw « r other than those which Russia will maintain- inifcfrttlmfc Sea according bo the terms of her GtHOTNitlOtt with Turkey . " , toward * thedoB © of the flitting , " TiMr ttnt Plenipotentiary of Great Britain expresses tfaftrfepbrtott that th « terms of th « stipulations inserted m
the iProtocpls ought not to bind . the . Congrass irrevocably . He » dds that , in bis opinion , each Plenipotentiary retains the right of further -proposing such modifications as he may consider it advantageous to bring forward . " Count Qrloff replies that , as the Plenipotentiaries transmit each Protocol to their respective Governments , he cannot admit that paragraphs , accepted unanimously , can be indefinitely altered . " The Plenipotentiaries of Great Britain explain that they do not propose to reserve to each Plenipotentiary the right of revising the resolutions adopted and the principles accepted by the Congress , but the power of . proposing--a simple revision of the text , if necessary , in order better to define its sense and bearing . " The observations of the Earl of Clarendon , oonfined within these limits , are agreed to by the Congress . "
At the sitting of March , 8 th ( Protocol No . 6 ) , the question of the rectification of the Bessarabian . frontier Game on for discussion , when" Baron Brunnow reads a'memorandum tending to jprove that the character of the localities , and the direc tion of the roads of-communication , do not admit of a direct . line being drawn between the two extreme points indicated in the Preliminaries of Peace . He observes that the Allied Powers propose to ensure the free ^ navigation of ^ the Danube , and he conceives that this objaot would be " attained b , y anoiier Jiafi . JSBhieh be jb instructed to ^ rppiiaejbo-thre ^ oagtssa j this line , which would have the advantage of causing no-disturbance jh . the administration of the Province , would start from Waduli-Tsaki on the Pruth , follow the Val . ( Ze Trqjan , and terminate on the north of Lake Yalput . Russia would abandon the Islands of Delta * and raze tbe forts of Ismail and Kilianova . "
This was objected to by the Plenipotentiaries of England , France * and Austria , as being too wide a departure from the bases of the negotiation agreed to by all the Powers . " After a discussion , in which all . the Plenipotentiaries take part , it is proposed to the Plenipotentiaries of Russia to settle the frontier by means of a line which , starting from the Pruth between Leova and Hush , would pass to the north of Lake Salsyk , and terminate above Lake Albedies . "
Tne Russian Plenipotentiaries then requested that the discussion might be postponed till the next meeting . This was agreed to . With respectto the . Moldavian Principalities , Count Walewski conceived that the Congress should admit and proclaim the union of the two provinces . Lord Clarendon held the same opinion , more especially considering the wishes of the people , which should always , he added , be taken into account . This was that the
opposed by Aali Pacha , who remarked separation dates from the most remote times , while the confusion complained of in the Principalities dates from a comparatively recent period , and that the proposed union is certainly not in accordance with the will of the people . Count Buol also opposed the union , which was urged by Baron Bourqueney , Count Cavour , and Count Orloff . The question was deferred .
Lord Clarendon , at the sitting of March ^ ( Protocol No . 7 ) , claimed that the graves of the soldiers of the Allied armies who have fallen on Russian soil shall be respected ; to which Count Orloff agreed . At the sitting of March 12 th ( Protocol So . 8 ) , " This Plenipotentiaries of Russia give to the Congress explanations tending to prove the necessity of providing for the internal police of the ports , and of inserting in the Convention a clause relative to the stationary vessels which shall be there employed , so as not to expose the Powers on the coast of the Black Sea to the interpretations which might be authorized by this subject being passed over in silence . " Lord Clarendon and Count Walewski objected to thisand the question was adjourned .
, Several of the succeeding Protocols relate to mere matters of detail ; but in the 14 th ( recording the sitting of March 25 th ) , we find it stated that , Count Buol having called the attention of Russia to the province of Montenegro , and desired to know whether sbe meant to pursue towards it ' * a course of action having a certain analogy with that which had devolved on her in the Danubian . Principalities , " that mention
" The Plenipotentiaries of Russia reply no was made of Montenegro , either in the documents which issued from the Conferences of Vienna , or iu the Acts which had preceded the meeting of the Congress ; that , nevertheless , they do not hesitate to declare , as the question : has been put to them , that thoir Government bas no other relations with Montenegro than such as spring from the . oympathios of tho Montenegrins for Russia , and from tho friendly dispositions of Russia towards thooe / mountameeTfl . " Protocol No . 22 contains a report of tho sitting ofApriPtlie &tfc .
Count Walewski' s o-bserwaiiions on the Belgian question , of which , we gave a report last week from Jjhe Iiaily News ^ appear with some modifications in the Protocols , and must , therefore , t > k here repeated according to the official versions " The first Plenipotentiary of France says that he must call the attention of tbe Congress to a subject which , although more particularly affecting France , js not the less of great interest for all the Powers of Europe , fie considers it superfluous to state that there are every day printed in Belgium publications the most
insulting , the most hostile against France and her Government ; that revolt and assassination are openly advocated in them ; toe remarks that quite recently Belgian -newspapers have ventured to extol the societ y called ' La Marianne , ' the tendencies and object of which are known ; that all these publications are so many implements of war directed against the repose and tranquillity of France by the enemies of social order , who , relying on the impunity which they find under the shelter of the Belgian legislation , retain the hope of eventually realising their culpable designs .
" Count Walewski declares that the intention and sole desire of the Government of the Empire is to maintain tie best relations with Belgium ; ¦ h e ^ reaaTIy a ~ dds that France has reason to be satisfied with the Belgian Government , and with its efforts to mitigate a state of things which it is unable to alter , its legislation not allowing it either to restrain the excesses of tbe press , or to take the initiative in a reform which has become absolutely indispensable . We should Tegret , he says , to be obliged ourselves to make Belgium comprehend the strict necessity for modifying a legislation which does not allow it 3 Government to fulfil the first of international duties—that of not
assailing , or allowing to be assailed , the internal tran qnilKty of the neighbouring States . Representations addressed by the stronger to the less strong have too much the appearance of menace , and that is what we desire to avoid . But if the Representatives of the Great Powers of Europe , viewing in the same light with ourselves this necessity , should find it useful to express their opinion in this respect , it is more than probable that the Belgian Government , relying upon all reason- ' able , persons in Belgium , would be able to put an end to a state of things which cannot fail sooner or later to give rise to difficulties , and even real dangers , which it is the interest of Belgium to avert beforehand . *'
The first French Plenipotentiary concluded his remarks by urging a reform of tbe maritime laws of Europe in time of war as regards neutrals . After the delivery of this speech , " The Earl of Clarendon , sharing the opinions expressed by Count Walewski , declares that , like France , England proposes to recal the troops which ehe was obliged to send to'Greece so soon as she shall be able to do so without inconvenience to the public tranquillity ; but that it is necessary , in the flrst instance , to provide solid guarantees for the maintenance of a satisfactory state of things . According to bin * , the protecting Powers may agree among themselves upon the remedy whiy , h it is indispensable to apply to a system injurious to the oountiy , and which has altogether departed from the object which they had propoe « d to themselves , when establishing there an independent monarcuy , inr the
well-being and the prosperity of the Greek people . The first Plenipotentiary of Great Britain remarks that the treaty of March BO opens a new era ; that , as the Emperor had said to the Congress on receiving it after the signature of the treaty , this era is that of peace ; but , in order to be consistent , nothing should bo omitted to render that peace solid and lasting ; that , representing the principal powers of Europe , the Congress would fuil in its duty if , on separating , it sanctioned by its silence a state of things which is injurious to the political equilibrium , and which is far from securing peace from all danger in one of tho most interesting countries of Europe . « We have just provided , ' continues the Earl of Clarendon , * for the evacuation of the different territories occupied by foreign armies during the war ; we have just taken the solemn engagement to effect tho evueuation within the shortest period ; how would it bo
possible for us not seriously to advert to occupations which took place before tho war , and to nbstain from devising moans for putting an end to them ?' The first Plenipotentiary of Groat Britain docs not consider it of any use to inquire as to the causes which have brought in foreign armies upvn various points of Italy , but he considers that , even admitting that those causes wore legitimate , it ia not the less true , ho says , that tho result is an abnormal and irregular state of things , which can be justified only by extioino necessity , and which should come to an end iih soon as that
that necessity is no longer imporioutUy felt ; ncvertheleaa , if endeavours are not ntudo to put an cud to that necessity , it will oontinue to exist ; thut , if vyo arc content to depond upon tho armed force inutoud of 8 CiskmU «> apply u remedy to the just cuuaos of discontent , it i . i curtain that a system little honourable for the governments , and lamentable for tho people will bo perpetuated , no conceives that the administration of the Itomttn Btatcs presents inconveniences from whence dangoiH may artso which the Cbngresa has tho right to attempt to "vort ; that to neglect thorn would bo to run tho riok of liiDour-
Untitled Article
^ .: T < n m MsMAiymR . ' [ No . sx 9 § ^^^ s ^ m
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), May 3, 1856, page 414, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2139/page/6/
-