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Ration , iof the fact : — " I avail myself of this : occatpto add tbat due attention will be cheerfully given ' . , ( fayx cpoamnnieations addressed to this department im lierrJipJesty ' s Government affecting the relations fWeen Gffjat Britain and the United States , which $ y be forwarded to this Government through any other Eurael- Should it be your pleasure to retire from the ijLted States , * the President directs me to furnish you A the usoal facilities for that purpose . I consequently Jose herewith the passports in such cases . I avail ^ aeilf of this opportunity to renew to you , sir , the inrance of my respectful consideration . " The letter is -ned by Mr . Marcy .
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J&E CENTRAL AMERICAN QUESTION . A second letter from Mr . Secretary Marcy to Mr . lias has reference to the matters in dispute consequent the different interpretations put by the English and lerican Governments upon the Bulwer-Clayton Treaty h respect to the non-occupation of Central America , ter adverting to , and utterly though courteously reliating , the construction put forward by the Earl of irendon—namely , that the engagement on the part of Egland not to occupy territory in Central America was iply prospective—Mr . Marcy alludes to the informal tement by Lord Clarendon to Mr . Buchanan that -r land was disposed to refer the matter to arbitration , also . glances at the omission of Mr . Crampton to
vey a similar intimation from the English Foreign Miter to the American Government until upwards of three aths after he had received the despatch containing proposal . The President regret 3 that the suggestion I not made in a definite shape at an earlier stage , but low inquires— " What is it which shall be submitted irbitration ? " The United States Government does agree with Lord Clarendon in thinking that the difnee between the two countries merely has reference he interpretation of the Convention of April 19 th , 0 . If the matter were referred to arbitration , and result were favourable to the United States , " then ,
» d , such determination would conclude all existing rences . But , on the other hand , it is not easy to see the adverse construction , if it were adopted by an ter , could terminate the difference . " In contradistion to what Lord Clarendon " assumes , without nctly asserting , " the United States Government es not understand that , at the date of the Treaty , it Britain had any possessions or occupied any terriin Central America . " If she had any right of pation , ' . ' it must have consisted either in her relation he Mosquito Indians , to Belize , or to the Bay ids . " Mr . Marcy then examines these implied
U 0 a ' " Firstly , —As to the Mosquito Coast , it is not underi that Great Britain now lays claim to any posses-Si or any territory there ; all she is supposed to claim e right to protect the Mosquito Indians . It cannot lleged . by her that those Indians constitute , or are petent to constitute , an independent State , admissiis such into the family of sovereign powers . " It is that Great Britain took possession of San Juan , and illed the authorities of the State of Nicaragua ; but bias declared herself " ready and desirous to be reid of the duty" of protecting the Indians " in any ner which shall honourably assure their future conn . " No difficulty , therefore , is anticipated on that
Secondly , —As to Belize , it being conceded that in uance of explanations interchanged between Sir ry Bulwer and Mr . Clayton , Great Britain is not preed v by any stipulation with the United States , from inuing ¦ to exercise at that establishment all the ts which she acquired from Spain , it would seem also there is nothing in that part of the subject which it Id become the two Governments to say to the world cannot settle by themselves ; for , although it ia non in English books of geography and others to to Belize the ^ appellatioii of British Honduras , still it j well known ' to admit of dispute that Belize is not , never was , any part of Honduras . " ¦ t to the question of the Buy Islands , " there is more
j ntroversy , at least in appearance . It is due to pcrfrankness to say that the act of hoi-Majesty ' s Goment , establishing , so late as the year 1852 ( and in , xent contradiction to the express letter of the conton of 1850 ) , a colony at Bay Islands , has left a disaable impression on the minds of the Government people of the United States . Possessing , as Great ran does , numeroua colonial establishments in all i of the world , many of them in the West Indies , it lot been readily seen what inducements of interest she lave had to establish a now colony under the peculiar
instances of the time in the insignificant territory of lay Islands Occasional acts of military orlty by captains of British ships of war , or of civil ority by the Superintendent of Belize , are insufficient , obvious , to determine the claim of the title na against sounter cUims of the Republic of Central America or e of Honduras . No relinquiahment of title by tho r is alleged , except in certain declarations reported » ve been made by tho Central American Oomraand-» f Truxilo , who , whatever ho may havo said , could > no power to cede away the territory of Honduras . "
Of Ruatan , we are told that the English Government claims its right to occupy it on the ground that it " has been , without any instigation on the part 6 f her Majesty ' s Government , spontaneously occupied by British subjects . " But , contends Mr . Marcy , " this is a mere act of invasion by unauthorized private persons , " and "it cannot have escaped the attention of her Majesty ' s Government that the political condition of Belize , as fixed bv the Treaty , is not in itself one of territorial sovereignty * " Reviewing all the circumstances of the question , Mr . Marcy observes that if the right of Great Britain to colonize Central America could be established , " while
the United States are restrained from all such rights of control and acquisition , that , in the estimation of the President , would be to deprive the Treaty of moral force , both because it would thus cease to have reciprocal effect , and because the United States did not intentionally enter into any such engagement . If such were a possible construction , pt would remain to consider ] whether it would not then become the duty of the United States to seek for the most honourable means of being discharged from such obligations , and render themselves perfectly free to re-establish their proper relation as an American power to the transit routes of the
American isthmus and the general independence of America . " The President , however , is not unwilling to refer some of the disputed questions to arbitration . " Of this class of objects of inquiry is the question , what are the rightful limits of establishment at Belize on the side of the State of Honduras , the question whether the Bay Islands do or do not belong to that Republic , and the question as to what extent of country is embraced in the term ' Mosquito Coast , ' or is in actual occupancy of Mosquito Indians , as Indians , and with such territorial rights only as that description of persons are entitled to claim according to the established public law of Great Britain , of the United States , or of the independent States which have succeeded Spain in America ,
remembering no power exists on the part of Great Britain and the United . States to dispose of the sovereign rights of Nicaragua or of any other State of Central America . " But the President " would greatly prefer that , in a controversy like the present , turning on points of political geography , the matter should be referred to some one or more of those eminent men of science who do honour to the intellect of Europe and America , and who , with the previous consent of their respective governments , might well undertake the task of determining such questions to the acceptance as well of her Majesty's Government
as that of the United States . " Mr . Dallas is therefore directed to ascertain if direct negotiation be not possible , and , if not , " to discuss the conditions of arbitration upon those pouts ' df ~ dT 9 Erenc& as torrhiah alone tlii 3 method of settlement seems requisite or applicable ; if being assured that other points of difference would , after that , yield , as a matter of course , to conference between the Earl of Clarendon and yourself , conducted in the spirit of cordiality and frankness which belongs to your personal relations , and which is dictated by the true interests both of the UnitSd States and Great Britain . "
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In the course of the debate in the Senate on the first of these two despatches , Mr . Toombs , the Senator from Georgia , contended that England had not in any degree violated the laws of the United States . Senator Pratt entertained the same opinion ; but the feeling waa for the most part the other way . The New York Tribune censures Mr . Marcy for having withheld all notification of the dismissal from the dismissed until after the Asia was safe beyond Sandy Hook , and out of reach of the telegraph ; and even then Mr . Crampton was not informed that the Consuls had also been dismissed , but was left to learn that important fact from die newspapers the next morning . The New York Times says that a disgraceful attempt was made on the Saturday night previous to Mr . Crainpton ' a departure to insult him by setting up a serenade of . tjn kettteajind implements of that class in derision beneath tnc » "» .. tlo . ' . ~ -AJ \ o English
Consul ' s private residence . It was frustrated , however , by the active vigilance of tho police . This is denied by another journal , which saya tho only screnado W « a by a band , which played " God save the Queen" on the previous night . A strange story is told by tho New York Herald , which states : — " It ought to bo known that some days ago , when the dismissal of Mr . Crampton was under consideration in tho Cabinet , the President sought an interview with him , and proposed an amicable suspension of tho relations between himself and tho Secretary of State . This Mr . Crampton promptly declined ; indeed its absurdity would seem to bo sufficient to discredit tho proposition . After this , not contented with his position , tho President sounded Mr . Crampton upon tho question of closing tho embassy , which was thought to bo a point of vitality iu the relations of the two countries- Mr . Crampton was equally non-committed upon this point . "
_ _ _ , ,.,. _ . , It is stated that Mr . Crampton has nil along acted under tho advice of the French Minister . Mr . Brooks , the member of tho House of Representatives who attacked Senator Sumner , hns addressed to tho President of tho Senato a letter of apology , disclaiming any intention of committing a breach of tho privileges of the Upper House , but defending his assault on Mr . Sumner , who , according to hia ( Mr . Brooks ' s ) account , hod
inaultedhim . "Ihadreason , "he states , "to believe the senator from Massachusetts did not acknowled ge that personal responsibility for wrongs in personal deportment , which would have saved me the painful necessity of the collision which . I sought ; and , in my judgment , therefore , I had no alternative but to act as i did . " The Senate having complained of Mr . Brooks ' s conduct to the House of Representatives , a committee of the latter , body , has decided on the expulsion of the offender .. . . , - ¦ y The Democratic National Convention at CinQtagati has had a very stormy gathering , at which there ( was eome fighting and considerable violence . It was ¦ ultimately decided , however , to nominate Mr . Buchanan for the Presidency . - \
Eight pro-slavery men have been killed by the Abolitionists on Potawotamie Creek , in Kansas . The Costa Rican army ( according to American accounts ) - has evacuated Nicaragua owing to the prevalence of sickness , and Walker has entered Virgin Bay . It i » said there was no British blockade , Captain Tarleton . of , the British frigate Eurydice , not having instructions to interpose any interruption to the landing of passenge r * or munitions of war . The Presidential election in Nicaragua has been conducted in an orderly and peaceable manner , and terminated in the return of Patrick ) Rivas , the Provisional President . The French ship of war Penelope has left for San Juan , and a commissioner has been despatched to confer with the Costa Ricans . An agent has been sent to Spain in order , to submit to the . home Government the necessity , of immediate action against General Walker as a means of preserving Cuba to the Queen . . . . ...
An insurrection is reported to ( have broken out at Hayti against the Emperor Soulouque . Kilio , in the Sandwich Islands , is no longer threatened with the flow of lava . The King is about to be married to an Englishwoman named Rook . .- :.. , ' In the New York money market , the supply of money considerably exceeds the demand . . . There has nearly been a rupture between America and France . " Count de Sartiges , " says the New York Journal of Commerce , " received through the post-office a letter from a Washington correspondent , treating of the settled antipathy of foreign Governments towards
the United States , ' as now manifested by the conduct of foreign representatives in their intercourse with society and our public _ men . This letter was superinduced "by alleged indecent and insulting language against our Government , and especially against the Secretary of State , at a dinner recently given by Count y de Sartiges . The envelope enclosing the letter in question bore the seal of the State Department . " The Count indignantly complained to Mr . Marcj' , who disavowed air knowledge of the authorship ,- and subsequently the author , who was a Government employ ^ but who had not sent the letter to the Count , resigned his post .
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THE BANKRUPTCY OF MARK BOYD . The adjourned certificate meeting in the affairs of Mark Boyd waa held on Monday , when Mr . Law ranee , addressing the Court on behalf of the bankrupt , said that u for thirty j-ears he had conducted his affairs with mercantile integrity , and during that period no one had impugned his conduct . He had exercised no inconsiderable influence , and was held in universal respect and esteem . As a stockbroker , he had not dealt in a single time bargain , and during the memorable years of speculation no man had stood higher . His brother Benjamin and himself had started the Union Bank . They had also
succeeded ia establishing the North British Insurance Company . These were flourishing concerns . Benjamin Boyd and his brother , assisted by Mr . Sutherland , Mr . Connell , and other gentlemen of equal position , tt » d promoted the formation of the Royal Bank of Australia . Benjamin Boyd was a mau of extraordinary energy , and was there anything surprising that success should be anticipated from borrowing money in this country on the compauy ' s debentures at five per cent ., and lending it in AUBtwil '" at ten per cent . ?— ttmt being the usual rate of interest ' hi tho - deieay . .. The capital of tho bank wan large , and there was every r , n > bj > vv . 'J of : ; ii < -v . « . HS . ineic wus no scheme on its part i » got money from tnC > MJAvury . On tho contrary , IM . i S < otch banks wore il « largest lenders . The unfortunate ! failuro .. f ( ho Australian Bank wus the cause of the ; r ,: iiikrf . r "'» nji . sforruneu . Tho personal debts of tho bankrupt , : 4 . 11 ft from bid liahis share onl
bilities to tho bank for calls upon , were y a few pounds , and the debts of B . and M . Boyd , were not large The perverse ingenuity of counsel had suggested that tho bankrupt had been guilty of an offence against the statute by his representations to Mr . Borthwlck . Those representations were made in 1849 , and the act only referred to representations made from and subsequent to tho month of April , 1850 . Tho learned counsel had thus proved himself ignorant of an act which lie professed to expound . But no reasonable man would bav that Mr . Borthwick had been deceived at all by «»« representations of tho bankrupt . Why had ho not been put in tho box if they thought this charge could be substantiated V" In conclusion , Mr . Lawrance contended that there never was a case In which a m * n was more deserving of the certificate for which he then applied . The Commissioner deferred judgment .
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¦ jm : & £ x $ Jbi . : ' ~ - -. - ^ } s ± ^ 1 Ma 3 > M ^ .. . ^ __ _ . __ :: £ & . .
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Leader (1850-1860), June 21, 1856, page 581, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2146/page/5/
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