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increased , the profits must have increased , Jjl this was counter to the fact , but it was necessary to show it upon paper . Jpmr Sad-XOBtB did so . He represented that the custpmera ' balances hadreached 759 , 223 / . 16 s . 2 d . i Wife TWiou ? other inspiring figures . But faying told this to Jora Law , an Englishman and some others , it was necessary that the Report presented to the shareholders at the general Tipperary meeting in February should tally ; and John Sadi-eib wrote to bis brother James that letter which was read in the Dublin Bolls Court on Friday last ,
telling James how " to work" the accounts how to set down 500 , 000 Z . as deposits for JoKiir SadIjEIB , and then to make out accounts amounting to 561 , 000 / ., distributed between five railway and other companies as advances made to John , representing the said companies . He instructs his brother how "to work" a profit out of the figureshow to pay 6 per cent , interest , and 3 per cent , bonus . James obeyed orders , more money was thrown into the bankrupt concern , and everybody knows the sequel .
In this letter Johk Sadleih says that he is only recommending his brother to do what had been done by three banks which he names . It has been averred that those banks , whose names are known , have not , in fact , been guilty of the practices ; that it was only one amongst John ' s round assertions to snatch a kind of moral support for his
reckless course . It may be so ; but no one will pretend that the art of book-keeping , as it is laid down by John Sadleir , has not been practised by the officers of other banks . "We nave seen lately a Iiichfield bank , which was bankrupt at the death of its last manager , continue its organized bankruptcy through a long period in the life of its successor ; the same was the case with Strahaut , Pattx ., and Bates , and now we have the Tipperary Bank . Here are three banks known to have
maintained an outward show unsustained by facts ; but is it possible to assert that those are the only three banks so managed ? Hecently , well-known accountants in the City declined to construct accounts according to the plan pointed out , and those who required them to do it appeared to think that there was nothing very unusual in the requirements . John Sadi < eiii ' s letter supplied some further evidence , which appears to have been overlooked . Is it not the case that many companies exist whose shareholders know comparatively little of the proceedings of their officers ? What did all the shareholders
in , the Tipperary Bank know of John SADiiEra ' s practices ? His letter mentions five other companies—the South-Eastern Swiss Railway Company , the Prussian Coal Company , the Rome and Frascati Railway Company , the Grand Junction Railway Company , and the East Kent Railway Company : now , are all these fictitious companies ? We believe not . It is probable that they have connected with them men of as high honour as any in the country ; yet here they
are figuring at the head of false accounts in a fraudulent bank . Wo know well enough that these companies are not the only firms S laced in the .. same predicament . John adi ^ eib ' s transactions extended to others , * n& \ John Sadi / EIB was not the only man of bfrfjfelasB * i n There are other enterprises at the pretOAt imoment which partake , more pr less ,
of ttn » tauuMKKKji spirit , — -to , which , in wet , the SAViiElXMttifc of book-keeping , and of moneygetting , hoa bften ebrictly applied . ; HoVtr is it that , fcl * eae companies come into emtpnqep How ia . it ^ hat ^ hey obtain credit ? l&iiltt < bjr ! . ; . ;; the , strength ^ of , th «) ^ orms ,, of conducting business in con » tnit&ees ,, iu meetings ofi . direetora , and in Buclv * s » e . i ) ribl /» geB . As < WH > HtJ «; tiWeiye ; men g $ t : together , ' invariably
you find some few of . business capacity and of vigorous organization , who obtain the mastery over the rest . Some few others , who know better , are weak and give way . The majority are idlers , who only come to get their guineas , swing backwards and forwards in their chairs , vote with the majority , and hasten off to their personal engagements . Men of this class are always led away by a show of importance . If a man looks wealthy , —has good plain , but" distinguished" clothes , —comes in his brougham or on horseback , — is known to go into high company , —or especiallv , if he is a Member of Parliament , with
a probability of entering office , the herd will always vote with him , will always show their perception of distinction by appointing him to a high post , —will make him director , manager , anything , —and will trust him with their souls . It is this inherent vice of plural directorates , that calls the John Sad : leirs into existence , and furnishes the opportunity for applying the Sadleib art of book-keeping . It would be a deplorable mistake if we supposed the Tipperary Bank , and the five companies mentioned by Sadleib , to be the only joint-stock enterprizes in whose high oftices the tribe of Sadleib is to be encountered .
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PROTESTANT-POPERY A . T LIVERPOOL .. The spirit of sectarian dictation will cease when men completely trust in the proverbial predominance of truth , and believe that it " will prevail" by its own force . That it will do so , we are convinced . Every day is giving us instances of truths established in the face of constituted authority and of armed prohibition . In Austria , Rome , Trance , and Spain , Pope and Caesar , judge and soldier , are engaged in preventing the people from knowing facts which have been established
by science on the clearest evidence of human sense ; but the facts in science prevail without the permission of Archbishop Cullen , or the Society De Propaganda Fide ; railways , magnetic telegraphs , improvements in navigation , getting into use just as if there were no pope to obstruct the path of science . Men who profess to speak in the name of religion , however , are seldom anxious that " the truth" should prevail : what they desire is , that their own opinion should prevail ; or
they would be willing enough for truth to develop itself , without their too devoted agency . In their heart of hearts Pope and Q » sar cannot help a misgiving that men will ultimately neglect to believe that the sun moves round the earth , unless inquisitors and armies are employed to compel belief . In like manner , the Liverpool Clerical Society may entertain , in its own secret conscience , some doubt whether all its tenets will be established in the world , unless the
leading members can expel from their own body men who do not think with them P The society has been in existence for many yeara . It was intended to promote social meetings of the Evangelical clergy , for a pious , but for the most part uncritical , study of the Bible . They wore " to discuss , " but not "to debate . " At the meetings of the society they brought forward particular chapters of the Scripture ; and the older members having read up commentaries , reproduced their recollections of these commentaries .
Gradually a " divarication of the Word" developed itself in the meetings . Dr . M'JNTeile and the Irish Evangelists introduced high Calvinistical views . Mr . Ewba . nk , a pioua and chftfitable man , corrected theso extremes by what wo call , though the word would perhaps bo repudiated by the gentleman himself , n naturalist view of , theology . Mr . Ewbawk died , and Mr . Mao naught ,, a young member of v the society ,, appears to have received his
mantle . One evening the subject was Acts , vii . 1-16 : ¦—Several speakers have pointed out the discrepancies between this part of Stephen ' s speech and the Old Testament history . Doubts have been raised , and miserable paltering explanations have been given of the five or six difficulties in these first fifteen verses of the protomartyr's speech . The chairman of the evening invites Mr . Macnaught , in due course , to make any remarks he likes . Mr . Macnaught settles on the 15 th and 16 th verses ! He notices that Stephen says , Jacob and the patriarchs were buried in Sychem of Samaria ; whereas the book
of Genesis ( 1 . 13 ) makes Jacob to have been " buried in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre , " or Hebron , to the South of Jerusalem . He notices that Stephen says that Abraham bought the sepulchre at Sychem from the sons of Emraor , the father of Sychem : whereas Genesis ( 1 . 13 ) states that it was a burial-place at Machpelah that Abraham bought , and the same book of Genesis ( xxxiii . 19 ) declares , that it was not Abraham but Jacob who bought a field in Shechem at the hand of the children of Hamor . Mr . Macnaught observed that
here was an obvious discrepancy . The usual modes of explaining away this difficulty he supposed every man felt to be wholly unsatisfactory . Could the brethrenhe asked for information—throw any light on this point ? And if not , and if they must in candour confess that either Genesis , or Stephen , or Luke , was in error on a simple matter of historical fact like this , then what security had any student of the Bible that those sacred penmen , who might err in plain matters of fact , might not also err in the mysteries of thefaith ?
These questions appear to have fallen iike bombshells among the members . The Irish Evangelists declared that it was interfering with the doctrine of inspiration . The managing committee itself invited discussion " the question of inspiration , " and here the new schism became wider . At this meeting Mr . Macnaught " argued against the popular idea that inspiration implies infallibility , "a subject on which he has since published a
volume . * He insisted that the Bible waa inspired , but that this did not prevent there being errors in the Bible . If rightly regarded , he said , this recognition of errors in the inspired volume rather helped Christian faith than otherwise . In short , as the chairman said , " Mr . Macnaught questioned the inspirational infallibility of Holy Writ , though not ita inspiration . " Loud was the denun ciation on the other side . Dr . Baylee had
already said that there is no logical restingplace between verbal inspiration and atheism —a man must either believe that every word of Scripture is inspired , or he ought logically to deny the existence of a God . Mr . Minton " would not stoop to pick up a Bible that would lie at his feet unless he thought it was the infallible Word of God . " "Infidelity" was thrown in Mr . Macnaugut ' s asked to be
face . The young clergyman assisted in his doubts , asked to be aided with explanations , asked to be helped to further information . Dr . M'Niele proposed to pay him a friendly visit , " and at that friendly visit discovered that there was no common locus standi between Mr . Macnaught and the society . May came , that month of reviving nature and religious sweetness , and with it the formal notice for Mr .
Macnaught ' s expulsion from the society . He had not only " discussed" The Bible , he had " criticised , " ho had " debated , " he had doubted ! He had found one mode of reconciling tho human instrument , the published volume , under all its liability to misprint and other errors , with the broader truths of Christianity ; but tho man who could admit any doubt—what ia ho but the subject for expulsion ? thore
Thore are no misprints in tho Bible ; never were any . No man can really have taken part in tho putting forth of that aacred volume , without being infallible in all that related to it . Tho writing of tho text ib without human error ; tho printing of the text must of course bo on au equality with tho writing , so there can bo no misprint injt-* Macnaught on Inspiration . Longman , Hrown , Greon , and Longmans .
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l $ 3 £ T H E f 1 L E A PM Mir- [ No . 327 , BATtffepAY ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), June 28, 1856, page 612, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2147/page/12/
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