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religion is gradually vanishing by absorption into the general Hindoo faith , and that the Sikhs themselvesbut recently so warlike as to form a danger to us—are now no longer desirous of independence . " The Government , " says the Times Calcutta correspondent , " has just introduced a new bill for the municipal administration of Calcutta . The elective principle has now had a trial of many years ; but the Europeans ¦ will not vote , and the natives hare always elected the same persons—two men notoriously useless . The other two members of the Conservancy Commission are officials , and the system , therefore , united all the evils of popular election with all the evils of official management . It is now proposed to create a kind of corporation , consisting of twelve members , nominated by Government , who will appoint a working sub-committee . "
The Iiieutenant-Govemor of Bengal has submitted to the Government of India , by whom it has been highly approved , a scheme of irrigation on an extensive scale for the districts of Shababad and Behar , as well as for portions of those of Mirzapore , Benares , and Ghazeepore . A great deal of excitement has prevailed among the Farsees of Bombay owing to four of their youths expressing a desire to embrace Christianity . The lads applied for this purpose to the missionaries of the Free Church of Scotland ; but , before the necessary ceremonies could be performed , three out of the four renounced their intention . The fourth held firm . Some assertions , to the effect that the three were " persuaded and bribed" to give up their design , were indignantly denied ; but it would seem that it was necessary to employ the police to protect the would-be Christians , and that no arguments were omitted to induce them to abide by the faith of
their fathers . Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy having , at the age of seventythree , retired into private life , a public meeting has been held in his honour , and a statue has been voted to him in gratitude for his magnificent charities and public
services . The money-market at Bombay is easier . CHINA . "The cause of the insurgents progresses . The town of Ning-kwo-Foo has been taken : this place lies about a hundred miles westward of Hoochow , the centre of the silk district . Much alarm has been caused at Soochow by the approach of the rebels to Pun-new-Chiu . The Imperialists have been defeated at Kiang-si , and have lost , according to report , three thousand men , including seven mandarins . Trade at Shanghai has been disturbed by these operations . The ratifications of Sir John Bowring's treaty with the King of Siam ( which came into force on the 7 th of April ) were exchanged two days previously with great ceremony . Trade , for the most part , has been in a healthy condition .
EGYPT . The mother of the ex-King of Oude has arrived in Egypt , with the heir-apparent to the throne of Oude and a suite of ninety-eight persons . She was recently at Cairo , where she intended to remain for a few days , and then proceed to England . This year ' s crops have proved abundant , and the Nile is rapidly rising . A three days' fete has been given by Said Pacha in commemoration of the second anniversary of his accession to the Viceroyalty of Egypt . Dioramas , dissolving views , Olympic races , and other entertainments were provided for the amusement of the public ; and among these was a representation of the Battle of Kalafat , in which the Egyptian troops greatly distinguished themselves . " On each day , " says the Times Alexandrian
correspondent , " all comers were fed from the Pacha ' s kitchens , and on each night , besides the illuminations , there were fireworks . A very pretty theatre , to hold three hundred persons , was built inside the palace , in which there were opera and ballet performances , fortytwo performers having been brought out from Milan expressly ; and the Turkish ladies were enabled to look on from behind lattice-work at the back of the theatre , while the gallery waa for the use of the European lady visitors . Military bands of music were stationed / ill over the grounds ; there were three hundred European musicians employed at tho different theatres , and refreshments were freely distributed to all present . " Redschid Pacha was present , and was one of tho most honoured guests . He has-since departed for Constantinople . Tho total expenditure for the fetes is calculated at about
100 , 000 ; . The Greek Consul , on the part of his Government , lias presented to the Pacha a Greek decoration , as an acknowledgment of the leniency shown by his Highness towards the Greek residents of Egypt at tho time of the misunderstanding between Greece and Turkey last year , wli « x all Greeks wore ordered to bo cxpollod from the Ottoman dominions .
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IRELAND . Mb . Smith ^ O'Botew . —A deputation liaa waited on Mr . Smith O'Brien , to try and induce him to reverse his determination not again to enter Parliament , but without success . The ex-agltator refused , saying ho did not wish to leave tho aoclety of his family , and that ho believed there were greater opportunities for hb doing good In Ireland than In tho House of Commons . " Under theao circumstance * , " ho added , " I h » vo no deslro to recommence a career which would bo
fraught with unhappiness to myself and to many whom I love . At the same time , I propose to keep a vigilant watch over the legislation which may be brought forward for Ireland ; and if , at any time hereafter , I may have reason to believe that my experience in public affairs can be rendered useful to my country , I shall not hesitate to offer such suggestions as the occasion may require . " Imperialism versus Nationality . — The Nation , while admitting there is much that is undeniably true in the views put forward by a writer in its columns of last week , ridicules as a grotesque delusion the idea of expecting submission from Ireland . " We are bad subjects , " boasts the organ of Young Ireland , and , more truthfully , adds , " we are worse rebels , and we are likely to remain as we are , worse still . "—Times .
The Miutia Mutiny . —John Bannon , Thomas Carr , Cornelius Ryan , William Cummins , and Edward Laffan , militiamen , having been convicted of shooting at the troops during the late disturbances , have been sentenced to transportation for fifteen years . Stephen Burns , also a militiaman , has been condemned to death for the murder of Patrick Curley , one of the regulars . The men found guilty of attacking the military near Templemore , at the races , were sentenced to ten months' imprisonment . Judge Moore intimated that he had altered his opinion as to the validity of the three counts in the indictment , charging the Tipperary Militia rioters with firing generally at her Majesty ' s troops without naming the latter specifically ; and he would . not reserve the case for the Court of Criminal Appeal , should his views after full consideration remain the same as at present .
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AMERICA . Kansas still occupies the attention of the Legislature . On Wednesday , July 9 , the Senate was occupied with a discussion on that state , in which there was a great deal of personality , almost amounting to a fight . The debate lasted from mid-day until nine in the evening . The House was occupied the same day with charges of fraud against clerks in the Treasury Department . The Senate has been discussing the Brooks and Sumner affair , and on Monday , the 14 th ult ., they voted to expel Brooks by 121 " Yeas" to 95 "Nays . " Two-thirds being necessary to an expulsion , Brooks was declared not expelled . He then rose , announced that he had resigned , and left the House . The Chamber of Commerce , and the citizens generally , have united in raising funds for the relief of the sufferers by the inundations in the South of France .
The news from California is exciting . The Vigilance Committee have still possession of San Francisco with 6000 muskets and 30 cannon . Their place of meeting is fortified with sandbags . The Governor has called out the militia , but the San Francisco men refuse to act against the Committee . The Governor , with his forces , ia encamped near San Francisco . A long proclamation has been issued by the Vigilance Committee , in which the Government is accused of tyranny and misrule ; of suppressing free speech , free writing , and free voting ; of putting notorious criminals in power ; and of ruling by terrorism . " As Republicans , we looked to the ballotbox as our safeguard and sure remedy . But so effectually and so long was it 3 voice smothered , the votes deposited in it by freemen so entirely outnumbered by ballots thrust in through fraud at midnight , or nullified by the false counts of judges and inspectors of elections
at noonday , that many doubted whether tho majority of the people were not utterly corrupt . Organized bands of bad men , of all political parties , or who assumed any particular creed from mercenary and corrupt motives , have parcelled out offices among themselves , or sold them to the highest bidders ; have provided themselves with convenient tools to obey their nod , as clerks , inspectors , and judges of election ; have employed bullies and professional fighters to destroy tally lists by force , and prevent peaceable citizens from ascertaining in a lawful manner the true number of votes polled at our elections ; and have used cunningly-contrived ballotboxes , with false sides and bottoms , so prepared that by means of a spring the spurious tickets concealed there previous to the election could be mingled with genuine votes Tho jury box has been tampered with , and our jury trials have been mado to shield tho hundreds of murderers whose red hands have cemented
this tyranny , and silenced with the bowio-kmfe and the pistol , not only tho free voice of an indignant press , but tho shuddering rebuke of the outraged citizen . " The members of the Committee add that they " have culnily and dispassionately weighed tho evidence before them , and decreed tho death of some and tho banishment of others . " Walker has deposed Itivas in Nicaragua , and had himself elected President in his place . In Costa Rica , General Mora , tho Commander-iu-Chicf of tho army , and tho Secretary of State , liavo died of the cholera . Yellow fever continues to prevail in Cuba . The Free-State Legislature in Kansas was dispersed by tho United States dragoons on tho 4 th of July— tho anniversary of American Independence .
From Moxlco wo hoar that tho decreo against the clergy holding property wan published in tho capital on tho 28 th of Juno . The Jesuits nro to leave tho country . Tho ports arc open for emigrants , and liberty of conucionco had boon guaranteed by Congress . Sovoral porapns—among tho numbor tho Portuguese
Consul—have been arrested at New York , charged with being concerned in the slave trade . The New York Journal of Commerce calls attention to the disgraceful fact that the slave trade is secretly carried on to a great extent at New York , and that many of the merchants of that city are deeply engaged in the traffic . Merchant vessels are employed as slavers , and slip off in the dead of the night without being observed by the authorities . The fact , says the journal in question , is well known ; but convictions are very seldom obtained .
A most appalling accident has happened on the North Pennsylvanian Railway . It appears from the account given by a writer from New York that " 1100 children , of various ages , started from Philadelphia , with their teachers and friends , for a pic-nic on grounds about twelve miles from the city . There was but one track , and the train , being unusually heavy , was detained beyond its time . The regular down passenger train , instead of waiting at the turn-out , pushed on at full speed , and in rounding a curve the two trains came iu collision . The two locomotives were locked together in one undistinguishable mass . Three of the cars on the excursion train were ground to splinters , and the unhappy children crushed beneath the ruins . The next
two cars were thrust forward over the ruins ; and into this mass of , broken iron , splintered wood , and mangled limbs and bodies , fire from the locomotive fell , igniting the whole . Then ensued a scene too horrible for description . The dead were charred and burnt so as to be beyond the recognition of their friends . The agonies of the dying were made more excruciating by suffocating smoke and heat , while the wounded and mangled , pinned by the firm masses which covered them , met a slow death by fire . The total number of the victims by this wholesale slaughter is not yet ascertained , hut it is supposed to exceed one hundred . No excuse ia offered , as , indeed , none could be made . The guilty conductor , whose recklessness caused this destruction , put an end to his own life bv arsenic . "
The True Califomian gives a shocking account of the sufferings from disease of a party of emigrants who attempted to go to California by the overland route , through Nicaragua . They were perpetually drenched with rain , and many of them succumbed to the sickness with which they were attacked .
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STATE OF TRADE . The accounts of the trade of the manufacturing towns during the week ending last Saturda } -, present nothing of interest . At Manchester there has been an absence of activity , but the extent of business ia sufficient to maintain prices . The Birmingham report describes no revival of the iron trade . In the general occupations of the place there is fair employment , owing apparently to the healthy demand from the colonies . In the woollen districts the week opened with dulness , but there was a subsequent improvement , and the markets close with a favourable appearance . At Nottingham there have been good orders at full prices . In the Irish linen markets there has been rather less animation . — Times .
The shipping returns of the Board of Trade for the month of June have just been issued , and continue to show a large increase in tho employment of British tonnage , and a constantly decreasing power of competition on the- part of foreign shipowners , except those of the United States . —Idem . Summonses have been granted at the Th . uniM Policeoffice against some of the shipwrights belonging to Messrs . Young and Magnny ' s yard now on strike , <> n account of violence offered by them to tlio new hands . One of these men has been committed for trial 011 . a charge of ill-using a shipwright who bad been brought up from Southampton . Tho attack ivas seconded by : i large inob which collected about the yard .
A lamentable state of disorder now prevails in the neighbourhood of the Messrs . Young ' s yard . Upwards of a hundred policemen have been on duty in the . locality since Saturday at noon , when forty Jersey shipwrights and others , recently taken on by the linn as substitutes for tho hniirfs on strike , were insulted and beaten . ' 1 he Jersey men , it ia stated , were offered ' 200 / . by the Shipwright ' s Union directly they reached London , to induce them to violate their agreement with Young , •">•>"» » u'l Magnuy . and return to Jersey . The money wan
refused ; threats were then hold out ; and violence w : ih : it last resorted to by the union men . Mr . Sidney doling , Bon of Mr . George Frederick Young , received in / my severe contusions while protecting this new bunds fr « 'in tho violence of tho union men . A policeman was knocked down by a atom ; thrown a I . hi . s head while conveying n , prisoner from Liinehouse , to Poplar last Saturday afternoon . The Jersey men were lodged on board whip in Mchhi-8 . Young , Son , and Ma ^ nay ' s yiud ll 11 Saturday and Sunday night . Thi . i precaution was considered necessary to kenp them out , of the reach uf lhu
men . Homo serious assaults have been committed by y ' colliers on striko at tho Oaks pit , near Uarnsley . 1 ']' men , however , have pledged themselves at a pubh < meeting to do thoir utmost to prevent any outbreak and they my that they will regard us an enemy of thon solvew any ono of their body who rcnorta to violence .
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-24 THE LEADER . [ No . 332 , Saturday ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 2, 1856, page 724, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2152/page/4/
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