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arranged in 1858 for the redemption of this debt . Of the eight series of bonds , dating from 1848 , which by the terms of the regulation were to be withdrawn from circulation in 1855 , five have been replaced by new bonds , and four fresh series , each for twelve millions of francs , have been issued to meet the necessities of the National Treasury . The national debt represented , on the 1 st of January , 1856 , the sum of 2 , 133 , 095 , 128 f . " Russia has engaged a considerable number of German workmen for rebuilding Sebastopol . Lord Granville , who arrived at St . Petersburg on the Sth inst . had his first audience of the Emperor on the 11 th . It is said that his documents contain nothing beyond the usual formal expressions , while the credentials of Count Morny are full of honeyed phrases .
The statement is confirmed in recent letters from St . Petersburg , that expeditions have been sent out this summer to the Tschetschnia .
SPAIN . The band of the brothers Hieros has been beaten and dispersed in the province of Burgos . The Gazette publishes a circular , addressed by the Minister of the Interior to the provincial governors , in which he gives them instructions relative to the reorganization of the suppressed municipalities and provincial deputations . He says : — " The Government learnt with much displeasure that the provisions of the Royal circular of the 26 th of July last , respecting the dissolution and reorganization of the municipalities and provincial deputations , had not been understood nor faithfully interpreted , and that measures were adopted in certain provinces contrary to the spirit of conciliation and
toleration recommended in that document . In some localities , the popular corporations which had ceased to ¦ exist after the events of July , 1854 , have been re-established , as if the Gov ernment intended to continue the policy of that period , and the recollection of certain dates and deplorable occurrences of which they are the symbol were not in flagrant contr adiction with the object it is anxious to realize . In other places the alcaldes alone have been dismissed , thus imparting a restricted and even odious character of personality to a measure which , in the opinion of the Government , should only have been inspired by impartial considerations of public order . Finally , there are- towns where , in open violation of the lett « r and spirit of the circular , men professing certain
political opinions were chosen in preference to replace the dissolved corporation . Considering these facts , and in order to correct the errors that may have been committed , the Queen has directed , and the Government recommends you faithfully to execute , the following measures : — " 1 . The re-establishment of the municipalities and provincial deputations dissolved after the events of July , 1854 , is and remains null and void , wherever it has taken place . The civil and military authorities shall , without delay , concert measures to appoint iu their place persons mentioned iu the 3 rd paragraph of the Royal circular of the 26 th July last . 2 .
The municipalities of which the alcalde alone has bee n dismissed , the said alcalde shall immediately resume the exercise of his functions , without prejudice to the powers vested in the civil and military authorities by the 1 st and 2 nd clauses of the Royal circular . 3 . The provincial governor and the military authorities shall proceed together to reorganize ( conformably to the terms of the circular of the 26 th July ) the municipalities and deputations whioh were named by those authorities to replace the dissolved assemblies , but which do not constitute a corporation iu harmony with tho 3 rd clause of the Royal circular . "
The Marquis de Turgot is to return to Madrid in one month .
l'OIlTUGAI ... Some bread riots have taken ploco at Lisbon . Under an impression that the high prico of bread was caused by supplies being hoarded by tho bakers , a largo number of working men rose , pillaged aoveral of the bakers' shops , killed ' an inspector of tho market in the JSquaro of Commerce , and committed various excesses . Tho military ( whom the peoplo endeavoured to seduce to their side ) were callodiout against tho rioters ; but they
acted foobly , and , on tho Oth , 10 th , and 11 th mst ., tho days following the ovoning on which tho disturbances first broke outy tho mob continued to assemble . On tho last of those days tho King arrived from Ciutrn , and , having . dismissed tho eominundor of tho Municipal Guard for want of energy , occupied tho streets with military , and compelled tho populace to disperse The King returned to Cintra iu tho evening . ' Tho oidittm , or vino , malady , has reappeared this year iu Portugal .. u
OUKUOH . A tremendous firo has completely dosti'O 3 ed tho Custom , House * at tho l'irioiiB , with all tho property it contained . TUItKlSY . Kihriali ! Paohahaaauspeudod hi * departure for Odortsa , tho Ottoman Porto having recoived as yet no official notification of tins accession to tho throne of tho C / . ai Alexander II . Tho Constantinople journals mention u riao of live piastres in tho prioo of whout coining from the Dauuho and tho Sea of Azofl ' . Tho crops , novorlholoas arc suid to bo abundant throughout tho East . A
deputation of sixty Circassians is expected at Constantinople . It is reported that the Allies will evacuate Greece in September . On the 25 th of July , the Governor of Erzeroum was officially invited by the Russians to take possession of Kars . The Russians make a demand upon the French for 400 , 000 francs for damages done to the Russian Embassy at Constantinople , it having been converted into a French hospital during the war . Instead of announcing the approaching- arrival of M . de BoutenierT to the Minister for Foreign Affairs , Prince Gortschakoff has chosen to make the notification to the Grand "Vizier . This has produced a considerable sensation . Two districts of Albania are in insurrection .
the danubiax principalities . A new political party ( says a German paper ) has started up in Wallachia , "and has distributed several thousands of its programme . It lays down as its first principle the union of the two principalities under the suzerainty of the Porte , but declares that such suzerainty is to be exercised conformably to the ancient privileges of the country ; its second principle is to have a prince of a foreign dynasty ; its third demands a national assembly without any property qualification ; the fourth calls for ministerial responsibility ; and the fifth for liberty of the pi-ess .
At the installation of Prince Alexander Ghika as Kaimakan , or Lieutenant - Governor , of Wallachia , Kamil Bey , the agent of the Sultan , delivered a speech , in which were several expressions that look rather ominous with respect to the designs of Turkey in connexion with the future position of the two Principalities . In the firman , Wallachia is spoken of as an integral part o f the Sultan ' s empire , and as " our Imperial province , " and mention is made of the privileges granted by the Porte to the Wallachians—these so called " privileges " being regarded by the natives- of the Principality as rights , dating from-the commencement of . the Turkish protectorate . Amongst other unsatisfactory passages were these : — " Until the moment of the revision of the
statutes actually existing , those statutes must necessarily be conformed to in principle . Every act concerning the administration and future state o f the country which shall not be conformable to the existing regulations must be considered in principle as non avenu . . . . Wallachia is to maintain a calm and dignified attitude , and to have full and entire confidence in the sentiments of exalted benevolence of his Imperial Majesty the Sultan , to hasten the internal administrative ameliorations which will be discussed , approved , and put into execution by the
Sublime Porte . " Prince Ghika ' s reply included the following sentence : — "I beg your Excellency to believe that I will do my utmost in order that the inhabitants of Wallachia , happy in the consolidation o f their riyhts and of their welfare , may unceasingly bless the august name of his Imperial Majesty . " The words in italics , upon which the Kaimakan laid particular emphasis , were received with enthusiastic applause . It was remarked that the consuls of Prussia and Austria were not present on the reading of the firman .
There is much talk of the return of the Wallachian political emigrants—an event which Prince Ghika is said earnestly to desire . They are but few in number .
MONTENEGRO . Recent letters from tho frontiers of Montenegro confirm the late horrible catastrophe at Kuci , and give further particulars of the murderous attack , which came quite unexpectedly . Forty Catholic families had managed , with their priest , to escape the general massacre aud retreated to tho mountains , where they lived for three days on roots and berries . On their return , they found their houses not only plundered but burned , and this was also tho fate of tho Catholic church . More than two hundred Turks of all ages , many of whom were women aud children , were butchered in cold blood . In
this catalogue of horrors tho unhappy fate of one Catholic family in particular has created the greatest commiseration and . sympathy . Tho husband was engaged in packing up his valuables when ho was attacked by . six of tho Montenegrins , who literally cut him to pieces . At tho sight of this wanton act of brutality , tho wife was so appalled that , sho instantly wont out of hor senses , aud whilst in that state set lire to tho cradle in which her baby was asleep , then killed her other childa littlo girl of five years—by f litting hor head open with a hatchet , and finally . sot firo herself to tho house , and perished in the flumes . — Daily News .
Tho Montenegrins threatening to invade . several districts of Turkey , Kursohid l ' aeha baa applied to Constantinople for reinforcements . A portion of tlio Guard is preparing to umburk . KWKDKN . A scientific expedition , under Admiral Glasenapc , of the Russian navy , accompanied by six engineers and oUicer . ' * , is at present exploring the northern coasts of Norway ; and information has boeu received by ( ho Swedish Government thai the HuHsian General of Kngineers , Do llerg , who was Governor-General «> f Finland during the late wniyhus several times ( bin summer visited the coast of tho Gulf of Bothnia , opposite tho northern coast of 1 'iiiluud . It is supposed that it is intended to convert the small island of lvuoko into a second Swouborg , and thus to menace Sweden .
JAMES SADLEIR . AND THE NEWCASTLI BANK . A special report , prepared , by ? Mr . William "Walkei managing director of the Newcastle-on-Tyne Commer cial Bank , has been published . It has"reference to th connexion of the bank with James S'adleir- —a subjec recently brought before the attention of the Newcastl directors . Mr . Walker states that , owing to an . attaci of paralysis at the end of 1853 , he and his coadjutor considered it prudent to wind up the bank . A negotia tion wa 3 afterwards opened with Alderman Kennedy of London , with a view to dii . sing of the concern * tc the Royal British Bank ; but Y . Jse negotiations failed However , owing to the instrumentality of Alderman Kennedy , the bank was sold , in the course of last October , to Messrs . Kennedy , Law , and James Sadleir . Five London directors , nominated by the purchasers ,
were then elected at their own time and in their own mode ; and Messrs . Sadleir and Law were two of these . A request was subsequently made , much to Mr . Walker ' s surprise , that the cash and bills should be sent to No . 6 , King William-street , City ( where it was proposed that the new directors should meet , and manage the affairs of the bank ) , because , as it was alleged , it would be necessary to examine the bills before they could be placed in the hands of the -agents—the London and County Bank—for collection . This was acceded to . Mr . Davidson , the manager at Newcastle , was discharged , and Mr . O'Shea was appointed by the London board manager instead , at a salary of 500 / . a year . In the course of last February , Mr . Walker was requested to leave the bank altogether ; but the London board had not paid any portion of the purchase-money of 50 , 0007 ., and Mr . Walker successfully resisted the demand for his withdrawal .
" On the 10 th of March last , continues the report , " Mr . Walker was informed by Mr . Alderman Kennedy that Messrs . James Sadleir , Law , and Keatinge , three oi the London board , had allowed the funds of the bank tc be used in discounting orders of the Tipperary Joint-Stock Bank , endorsed by Messrs . Wilkinson , Gurney and Stevens , or by Mr . Gurney only . This , Air . Kennedy stated , had been done without his knowledge , or that of his co-director and relative , Mr . "V alliaut . This was the first intimation of the fraud received by Mr . Walker ; and the shareholders may readily conceive Mr . Walker ' s chagriu , when he found that his friend at the board in London , Mr . Alderman Kennedy , on whose judgment and integrity he chiefly relied , had allowed
himself to be imposed upon by other persons at the same board . On the 17 th of March Mr . Walker discovered that the sum represented by these Tipperary orders amounted to 51 , 000 . / . Mr . Walker has taken steps ; to prove the debt due by the Tipperary Bank , but Mr . James Sadleir has created considerable impediments in the way of the proof . Mr . Walker has commenced legal p roceedings against Messrs . Wilkinson and Stevens for 16 , 000 / . It Avas expected that the case would have been tried at the last Newcastle Assizes ; but on the application of Messrs . Wilkinson and Stevens , the case has been removed to London , where it is hoped that it will be disposed of in November next . An application to the Court of Chancery by Messrs . Wilkinson and Stevens to restrain the action has not been successful . "
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STATE OF TRADE . The reports from tho manufacturing towns for the week ending last Saturday continue to indicate a steady trade at firm prices , with a general absence of excitement or speculation . At Manchester , tho market remains inactive , but stocks are low and quotations well supported . The Birmingham advices mention only a slight tendency to recovery in manufactured iron , but the general trades of tho place show an improved homo and foreign demand . At Nottingham there ib increased confidence , owing to tho harvest at homo and good accounts from Australia and America . In the woollen districts there haa been no alteration , and in the Irish linen-markets there has been a full business at former rates . —Times .
The strike of the stonemasons at Nowcastlo-on-Tyne for a weekly half-holiday , still continues . Sonio few of tho small masters have acceded to tho claims of the workmen , but the large majority of tho principal omp loyors refuse to comply with tho demand , of the men , as they consider it unjust that they should enjoy ft weekly bait-holiday at the expense of their employers , without presenting any equivalent . All persons connected with cominorco will bo glad to loam that the question of tho Sound < luos is again ap ~
pronohiiig tho probability of a solution . It appears . that llorr Bluhmo , tho president of the commission , bos had an interview with Mr . IJuehaniui , tho lihigUah minister at Copenhagen , on the subject , and obtained a satisfactory answer to the proposals of Denmark for capitalizing the duos . The British diplomatist , also , on hie * recent ret lira from London to his post , in . passing , through . Berlin , bad a conference with Baron ManteuU'ol on tho subject , which was also satisfactory to tho viows of I'rii . HHiii jlikI Denmark .
The directors of tho Ottoman Bank have announced that business huu been commenced at Constantinople and Galutz .
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Atjctst 23 , , 1856 . 3 0 ? H E LEADER . 799
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 23, 1856, page 799, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2155/page/7/
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