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dfead and degrading , level of those country stations where drinking alarmingly prevails , and where , for that veryreason ' , amongst others , the contributions are so inadequate as to compel , for current expenses , large drafts upon your Treasurer . Teetotallers , and Anti-Teetotallers , that aresitting around that Board , here is a sulject that demands your close and immediate . attention-t ~ a subject on which I shall he prepared to give , -when you are prepared to hear—information that will niaice your ears to tingle . With regard to my successor , also , I should like him to be a thorough Congregationalism , and be inducted tcitJi a scriptuTcd defetmce to the mews and feelings ojftlie Church . In N ~ eio Amsterdam , toe are all Non-IntrusioTiists . " The Committee refused to hear Mr . Davies on the subject of his letter ; and in another eloquent touch Ebenezer tells a further ofFeneey with the hopes of a peculiar satisfaction . If a profane ribald ; were to cry in a burst of anger , meaning little :, " Danin the fellow ! " missionaries would east up their ejes in pious horror ; but a missionary can , with deliberate mind , sit down and peri this pious phrase : — " The man who presided on that occasion—an eld man , who -will soon have to appear at Heaven ' s bar—has been the chief promoter of the new chapel set up in opposition to mine ! The shop ! the shop !— -how it drags men down . Even Ebenezieb Martyr lets the tradesman get the better of the Saint ; and lie advertizes the " beautiful new gown" which he received as the crown of martyrdom , and proof of custom at his shop , from the hands of " Cla . ua A . Pbior , " and other ladies .
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THE LITERA . HY ASSOCIATION OF THE FRIENDS Or POLAND . A DOCtrMENT has lately been published , to which we beg to direct the reader ' s attention . It is the report of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the [ Literary Association of the Friends of Poland . As is generally Icno wn , to be a OFriend of Poland is Tiistorically respectable , two dukes , two marquisea , eight earls , a "viscount , two barons , three colonels , a doctor of divinity , and seven not very
revolutionary members of Parliament being members of the Society . Last year , indeed , a Polish princess aided , at a concert held in the Marquis of Bruadalbane's drawing-room , to assist the Polish cause . T \ ro perfectly unexceptionable amateurs , Sir John Habrington and the Hon . Wili-iam Ashley , then volunteered their performances ; there was a lustrous gathering of aristocracy , two guineas were paia for each ticket , and 4851 . 13 s . 6 d . were
Thus , the ordinary income of the literary Association of the Friends of Poland is unequal to the ordinary expenditure . The income for the year ending May 3 1856 , from subscriptions and donations , amounted to 24 * 61 . The working expenditure ^ for the same period , exclusive of the relief afforded to the refugees , amounted to 479 ? . The Balance from the previous year amounted to 369 Z . Amount bestowed in relief , 409 Z . Thus , had not the Princess Marceiline Czartoryska assisted at a Matinee Musicale , the Literary Association of the Priends of Poland would
have been a bankrupt affair . Its income was not sufficient to meet the expenses of offices and officers . "Well , tlien , the concert took place , and 4852 . were received . The number of Poli sh refugees in England on the 3 rd of May last was , as nearly as can be ascertained , 639 , Of these 157 receive
Q-overnment allowances , and three Association allowances , two of the three being mad , the other an orphan . " The remaining 479 refugees" ( we quote "the report ) " do not receive any permanent allowance ; but all are assisted by the Association , to a very limited amount i in case of sickness attestedby medical certificate . " It would seem that the
executive has imitated the economy of the Literary Fund . Here we find 479 ? . a year expended in the collection and administration of 739 Z . ; we Lave ; chambers , rents , printing , public meetings ( 62 Z- *¦!) , reporting , salaries , &c , consuming ; far more than the regnlar income of the Association ; so that , taking the whole amount expended during the last year , the refugees in [ England could not , upon an average , receive a shilling pei man per month from the "Friends of Poland . '' We are , indeed , glad to learn that " almost all the refugees are , under ordinary circumstances , able to support themselves . "
"We wish to do full justice to the sincere liberality of the noblemen and gentlemen composing the Association . " We only desire to call their attention to this expenditure , which is out of all proportion to their means . They have an honorary secretary , and we do think that , for the meetings of the council , private hospitality might provide . At all events , the Sussex Chambers are not wanted . "We should
like to receive , moreover , an account of the emoluments derived from the Society by individuals , and to knoiv ' the reason why * . 5 . 4 Z . paid to a messenger ., is not included among the " salaries . " The Association has no longer apolitical existence ; if it has now betaken itself to simple philanthropy , there is no injustice in asking tliat the Poles should derive as much advantage from it as their " friends . "
the net proceeds of the day . Three duchesses , three dukes , several countesses , and the minister of a foreign court were among the subscribers , so that we may repent , it is highly respectable to " be a ' literary' friend of Poland . But , after paying our compliments , may we glance at the balance-sheet ? The income of the Association for the year ending May 3 , 1856 , waa 7391 . 14 s . 6 d . Out of this , what proportion goea to the relief of the Poles ? A sum of 479 Z . is
consumed m expenses , leaving 260 ? ., or not much more than one-third , to carry out the legitimate objects of the Association . A hundred and fifty pounds , therefore , must be drawn from the balance remaining from the previous year . The distribution of costs is m this fashion : —For the temporary relief of refugees , 1291 . 8 s . ; rent and salaries , 215 Z . ; assistance in sickness , 218 Z . lls . ; messengers ' ¦ wages , and attendance at the Chambers , 5433 d
Z . a . . ; assistance to leave this country , 16 Z . Cb . 6 d . ; postage stamps , postage and post-office orders , 19 Z . 13 s . 5 d . ; funeral expenaeB , 27 Z . 12 s . 9 d . ; sundries , repairs , and pe % charges , 25 Z . 14 s . 9 d . ; education , oo 7 -VX V ? ' Panting the annual report , M . 10 s . 5 d . The expense of holding public ^ SF ^^ V ] ^ G 2 Z - 5 a -5 stationery XL Yi d I . no ^ spa-per 8 and books , 25 s . 14 s . ; reporting the proceedings of the annual meeting , W . 5 s ; coals and candles , i . a ( . 2 s . 9 d . ; cab-lnro , XI . 138 . '
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VANE TEMPEST AS AN OFFICER , A GENTLEMAN , AND A LOUD . Lord Ernest Va : ne Tempest belongs to that class whom it is the special object of our present administration , civil and military , to bring into the army . Why is it that the system of promotion by merit is refused , but that it -would keep out this class ,
and bring in another ? On what ground did Lord Cardigan claim to take his ease in his yacht , while his companions were undergoing hardship , toil , and < leath , except that it' such indulgences were refused , men of his position would have no inducement to enter the army ? The present system , therefore , is maintained in the desire to havo officers of the Eiinest Vane class .
not mutiny . Lord Ernest is not consm cuous for diligence in his studies , but for dihgence m inventing new but paltry tor ments . He shaves the regulation moustache of the young cornet ; he exposes that youn <* gentleman to contempt before brother- officers for conduct which is in itself neither unxnilitary nor unmeritorioiis ; and he rebels against the serious exhortations of his Commander-in- Chief , and makes himself the Lord of Misrule . The class which thus disports
itself in barrack , proves unable to conduct itself in battle—apologizes for leading a retreat at Balaklava , by the plea that ' " rallying" was out of the question , —and , for lack of better arguments , meets the accuser with language of common abuse ; Lord Cardigan never was exactly of the Vane pattern ; he was always serious in his folly ; he established
the WATHEifr espionage from conscientious motives , and set his face against a black bottle on grounds of dignity ; but both show the stuff of which certain ofEcers are made . They would probably be good fighting private soldiers ; they have not the temper which makes a man eligible to be a corporal ; and , grave or gay , they have not the brains to keep discipline in barrack or battle .
A man in commission is expected to be ' a gentleman . ' A gentleman remembers his birth in order to set himself a higher standard of bravery , of generosity , of fidelity , and of s-elf-discipline . Yaub Tempest is known to us by two exploits , in which he is seen descending to malignant horse-ploy , or to bullying conflict with his ' inferiors / One ground which has been alleged as the excuse ? or men who did not at once administer
corporal punishment to the big bad boy is , that he is possessed of unusual bodily strength , which he chivalrously employs to hector over tlie weaker . He is richer than Ames , and , glorying in a purse which he can spend in eating and drinking , he sits at dinner , taunt * ing his brother ' gentlemen' with not being able to ' afford' a cab or a bottle of
champagne . He is so thick-skulled , and is so low a specimen of good breeding , that positively he does not know that a true gentleman may be poor , and that * to taunt a man with poverty is something meaner than the purse pride which used to be the worst opprobrium of the ' vulgar . '' That is the sort of ' gentleman' that it is desired to draw into the
army . But perhaps Vane Tempest thinks it ; needless to be a gentleman , since he is a ' nobleman . ' "What is a ' noble' man ? It is vir nobilis—a man who is able to be * notus , ' or Tcnoivn , by his pedigree or hereditary cognizance ; that is , a man of gentile or gentle birth—a gentleman . But Vane is a ' Lord '—a man specially noble . Now , God forbid tliat we should join in the cry against Lords and Gentlemen . There havo . been
men of these classes whom it would bo an honour to associate with , to serve with , or to serve under . There was one man of tho name which Vane Tempest desecrates , of high birth though not himself a Lord , against whom CROMWELii would not invent a reproach . Falkland , who died in defence of legitimacy , was a man of such noblo quality that his mere adhesion to a cause made his opponents mistrust their own "judgment . The
class of Lords may still , does still , produce noblo minds and noble hearts . But , alas I the ' order' is littlo known by its better specimens , who , in these days , have be come , like tho ' upper ten' of Amorica , quiescent , unpatriotically passive , floating "with tho stream , accepting expediency , and negatively allowing others to represent them positively . Tho less unworthy of those who arc aciivo arc- expediontiats , bustling dabblers in political shifts , conniving to outwit the classes
There is an esoteric and an exoteric principle . Esoterically , by men outside the saei-ed class , the results of the election will not be thought happy . In barrack wo see tho officer of tho model class goading his subordinate until "that subordinate incurs tho suspicion of \ inirmulincss bocauso ho does
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998 THE LEA-DEB , ¦ . pfo . 343 , Satttrdat .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 18, 1856, page 998, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2163/page/14/
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