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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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CHINA . A six-oared pinnance belonging to the American vessel Portsmouth -was fired upon by the Chinese from some forts near Canton , without any provocation . The fire -was very brisk ; but tie Americans escaped without injury . The Portsmouth thereupon shelled the forts , and retired . Satisfaction within twenty-four hours was demanded of Yeh . Of our affair -with Yeh , - \ ve read in the China Mail : — " After the capture of the Bogue forts , the Calcutta and Nankin remained behind for the purpose of blowing -them up—no easy job ; and the fort at Ty-cocktow , having fired upon tlie Hornet , Captain Stewart took possession of it on the 16 th of November , after driving out the Chinese , and spiked its fifty-five guns . "
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THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY FRAUDS . CONVICTION OP REDPArH . Leopold Redpath and Charles James Corny us Kent were tried yesterday ( Friday ) , at the Central Criminal Court , for fraud and forgery on the Great Northern Railway Company . Kent Avas at first ordered to retire , and Redpath was then tried singly ou one of the cases of forgery . Of this ho was found Guilty , but sentence wa 3 postponed till after the issue of the next indictment . Redpath and Kent were then tried on a charge of feloniously f 6 rging and uttering a transfer to George Sidney , with intent to defraud . The Jury found a verdict of GUILTY against Redpath , and ACQUITTED Kent . At this there was applause . Redpath was sentenced to transportation for life . The other iudictincnts were withdrawn .
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Gbeat Fiue at Shaiwvki . i .. —A lire of considerable magnitude raged yesterday morning in Lower Shadwell , at the premises of a ship chandler . The flames broke out in the back warehouses , used as a tarpaulin manufactory : these were nearly seventy feet long ' , of great width and height . The- surrounding houses Avero seriously menaced , and it was long before the conflagration Avas got under . The cause is unknown . The loss will fall on the Phoenix Fire Office . Wutcok or thic Briton Stkamuk . —By the Southwestern steamer from Jersey , which arrived nt Southampton yesterday morning , tho creAV of the IJritou steamer , holonging to the Union Steamship Company , have reached there . They bring intelligence of the foundering of the Briton , off Capo Ushant , sixty miles south-west of the capo , on Sunday lust , at six a . m .
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NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS . No notice can be taken , of anonymous coirespondence-Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer ; not necessarily for publication , but as a / puarantee of his good faith . We do not undertake toreturn rejected communications .
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THE UNEMPLOYED . The working classes , it is said , are unfit for the exercise of power . But they liave immense power , —a power of mischief , which they do not employ . If they were unfit for that which is withheld from them , they would make use of that which they do possess , and whieh might , at any moment , establish Terror throughout England . Nearly one-fourth of the working population , of
London are now without employment . Twentysix thousand men and hoys connected with the building trade alone have nothing whatever to do . Thousands of men have applied , in one day , at the docks , for the labour that will nourish their families , in these damp and chilly days . " What then ? If they were as ignorant as the Frenchmen of tho sixteenth century , they would follow some Jacgues Bonhomme and burn the habitations of the rich .
attached to the inmate of the "Union , j "he has been a pauper "is scarcely less a , stigma than "he was once convicted . " The uniform allotted and the work supplied are the meanest possible ; and , if tie poor prefer outdoor relief , how are they treated ? They stand , in cold and wet , upon the pavement , until . Mi \ Overseer is ready . If houseless women seek the shelter of a casual ward , they are kept outside , ia the dark ,
halffrozen , or soaked with rain , until eight o ' clock , and , when admitted , lie down upon dirty straw , or other materials which , would literally disgrace a kennel . ! Nb waitingroom is provided ; and the sleeping ward is often a breeding-plaee of crime , fever , and pestilence . This account is free from the slightest alloy of exaggeration . Every careful reader of the newspapers will remember that within a few weeks numerous cases
have been before the magistrates which justify every word we have used . The working classes should remember , if other classes forget it , that the Poor-law is their property . It is their share in the public income . They have as much right to it as a landlord to his rents . Mr . H'Keitb : put this very clearly at Smithfield . He said , " Let us go to the workhouse and demand relief . The relieving officer will , perhaps , offer us a loaf . " Well , let us take it home and eat it ,
and then , go and ask for another . " It is altogether an error on the part of a workman to pledge his clothes and tools before he solicits relief . The Poor-law Board is the public Benefit ; Society , to which he , no lesa than the rich man , has subscribed in prosperous times . He is merely receiving back his deposit , in full or otherwise , with interest or without it . The relieving officer , if he assumes any airs
of authority or contempt , is an . unembroidered flunkey , and ought to stand in a red coat and yellow breeches behind a gentleman s carriage . " When the working classes work the Poor-law to tie letter , the other classes , astonished by the weight of the burden , in times of scarcity , will call a meeting , not at Smithfield , and consider how they may commute the tax .
How to commute it , however ? If they disregard the question , it will not be disregarded in another quarter . Mr . Plexant , a house-painter , is out of employment for eight weeks . "What does he do ? He " studies the existing arrangements of society , " he says . He and his class , therefore , organize " The National Association , of Unemployed Operatives , " which , if properly constituted and directed to sensible objects , will become a power in the State .
Tho Smithfield meeting advanced to the discussion of certain topics connected with the land and with the game-laws . The gamelaws we hold to be relics of Norman barbarism and feudal piracy . The other questions we lay aside for tho present ; but wo shall recur to them , in order that the social projects of the working classes may receive a close , free , and calm analysis .
Meanwhile , let the working classes employ the great engine whieh they possess—the Poor-law . It will expand under pressure Let them consider it aa their National Debt , and when they are in distress let them apply for their dividends as boldly aa though they wero Long Annuitants ,
If they were governed like Prenehmen of the present day , they would placard the walls with " "Workmen wanted to sweep out the Tuileries . " Wat Tvi / ejr and Jack Cade would be their statesmen- —indeed they might have worse . Instead of this , they legalize their proceedings by obtaining the official sanction of the City ; they hold a vast meeting in Smithfield . ; they construct a rough platform , upon aa old sheep-pen ; a journeyman carpenter takes the cnair , and the unfortunate multitude deliberates formally as to
the causes and remedies of its sufferings . Whatever may he the opinions of the genteel , it cannot be endured that one working man out of four should , every winter , struggle against starvation . He may not be right in his views , but something must be radically wrong in the country . However perfect our economical system , it does not spare these myriads of tho population from periodical misery , which , if they were crazy or unscrupulous , would drive them into all kiuds of excesses . It is mere cruelty to tell a ticket-of-leave man that ho must find
work when thousands of honest men compete against him , and fail . And it is mere folly to suppose that the class thus made destitute will not blame some other class for its alllictions . " Young ; man , " said an economist to Mr . Bowew , " if you don't find a knife and fork ready laid for you at Nature ' s table , it ' s time yon died . " But the j r oung man ventures to dissent . Besides , he is not quite sure that Nature intended him to
starve Society , at least , professes not to accept this doctrine , whicli , highly respectable as it is , contains more real ferocity than any book in tho Jacobin catalogue . Society constructs a Poor-law , opens Unions , and announces that no person in tho Three Kingdoms need bo without food or employment . But tho householders take the poor into their charge , and convert their dole into a , dogradation . Tho hideous word pauper is
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MAHHIAGE ANOMALIES . Couid " all the World and his Wife" assemble a family meeting in which every out should tell the story of his wooing and hh wedding , what strange stories we shouk hear ! Jtlow different in many casos wouk bo tho narrative from tho expectation ! Per haps , however , tho moat curious and interest ing part of tlio statement would consist ii
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The Court . —The first of the theatrical performances at "Windsor Castle for this season took place on Thursday evening , when The SchoolJbr Scandal was performed , ¦ with a ver } ' brilliant caste ; and we are glad to see the name of Mr . Wigan among the actors . He has recovered , vre trust , from his lsftfe severe illness .
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SATTTBDAY , JANtTAHY 17 , 1857 .
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' —?—_ . , There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed vt lien all the -world is by the very law of its creation in . eternal progress . —Du . Abnoid .
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PROPERTY AND INCOME-TAX ASSOCIATION . A great central meeting for promoting the objects of this association will he held at Exeter Hall , on Wednesday evening , January 21 st , when several Members of Parliament and representatives from most of the largo provincial towns will attend . Admission by tickets only . Subscription , One Shilling and upwards . —Cyrus Francis Buott , Hon .- Sec .
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RUSSIA . The Osservafore Trkstlno professes to confirm some news givenby the Triest Zeitung relative to the occupation of the islands on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea . Some years since , Russia ' borrowed' the island ofDagada from Persia , as a station against the Turcoman pirates . Tho pirates were long ago annihilated , but the island in question , which is at the mouth of the Oslus , is still in the hands of Russia .
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SWITZERLAND . Th « German papers publish the text of another Austrian despatch . This despatch is dated 6 th of January . It is addressed to the Austrian Envoy at Berlin , and is a reply to the communication by which the Prussian Government informed the other governments of its resolution to adjourn the mobilisation , of the" Prussian army till the 15 th of January . The Vienna despatch expresses its gratification , and the hope that , should meantime no arrangement be concluded , the wisdom of King Frederick " William would not refuse a further adjournment of any aggressive measures .
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Leader Office , Saturday , January 17 . THE AUSTRIANS IN ITALY . In Milan there is a statue of St . Eartholomewv wko suffered martyrdom by being flayed alive . In that condition he has been represented by the sculptor . A Milanese youth , not long ago , went to this statue by nig ht , and -wrote upon the pedestal the inscription , " The Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom . " He was afterwards detected , and has been sentenced to a long term of imprisonment . This anecdote we have derived from an authentic source .
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 17, 1857, page 59, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2176/page/11/
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