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men to free ingress and egress into and out of the « ity of Canton , and pointing out the necessity that exists for a a 36 V treaty , ia which '; it will be necessary to revise the tariff ttd valorem rates for the assessment of duties , sad it would be desirable to obtain permission to trade at « riy other in addition to the five ports , permitting in ret « m Chinese vessels from , all ports in China to trade with . Hong Kong ; and for British subjects to pass into the interior of th § country , to which no objection seajms to 3 > e made by the population in the vicinity of Shanghai . " Lord Clarendon , through his secretary , has promised to give the subject every consideration .
A great deal of excitenient prevails in Cochin , owing to the Rajah of Txavancore having opposed the removal by the Kongnmes from his dominions of one of their idols ¦ which they took there in the year 1792 , when the tribe emigrated to Travan core In order to avoid certain persecutions . They have recently returned to Cochin and cawied the idol with them . The Rajah of Travancore desouneed this act as a theft , and appealed to the Madras Government , and finally to the Court of Directors , who decided on the restitution of the idol , after which th < Court would decide on the rival claims . The Konganies have memorialized the Madras Government against this decision ; and in the meanwhile a riot has taien place , but happily with no loss of life .
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IRELAND . Mitrdebix Caklow . —A horrible crime has "been committed in Carlow . A farmer , named Dyce , was returning home to Tullow , in company -with his brother-inlaw , when he stopped opposite the house of another farmer , named M ' Lean , for the purpose of lighting his pipe . He knocked at the door , but was repulsed by the farmer ' s wife . On this he departed , making some insulting remarks on the woman , whose character is held in rather light estimation . Burning with rage , she
went to her husband , who was at work in a field , and complained to him . The husband called on his brother to help him to avenge the insult ; and they departed , armed with Leavy sticks . Dyce , becoming aware of the pursuit , rapidly fled over some fields ; but , after he had run about a mile , the SI'Leans pounced suddenly ujon him and his brother-in-law ( who were unarmed ) , and beat them unmercifully . Dyce only survived a few hours , and the other man hifti his head , ribs , and one of his arms broken . The murderers hare left the country .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . FRANCE . . . The funeral of the Archbishop of Paris took place last Saturday at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame , in the midst of a large crowd of spectators , and with much religious and military pomp . The ground was occupied "by troops ; a battalion of the Line , with its band of music and ' muffled drums , escorted the procession ; and several Ministers of State , members of the Senate , priests , the Papal Nuncio , and other persons of note , attended the obsequies . Tie cathedral was hung with black , which , -together w ith the gloomy state of the atmosphere and the constant showers of hail and sleet which fell upon the half melted snow of the roadways , contributed to a very striking and mournful effect . " Crowds lined the
streets , " says the Tunes Pans correspondent , ' * and the remains , borne slowly along , received marks of profound a : nd , I believe , the most sincere veneration ; every man bared his head and bowed ; several knelt on the ground , all mud and melted snow as it was ? and the women , some of them weeping , made , with eveTy mark of devotion and sorrow , the sign of the cross , beat their breasts , and repeated aloud prayers for the repose of the departed . On its arrival at the entrance of the church , the prebends and honorary canons , and the parish priests of the diocese , preceded by the cross-bearer , went to the door to receive the remains of their late Archbishop , and , with the canons who had brought it from the palace , bore tliem to the catafalque before the high altar . Then rose
from the choir the solemn music of the dead , and , after tlie mitre , crucifix , and crosier of the prelate were deposited on the coffin , the funeral service began . The solemn dirge of the Dies Ira ; which more than any other , excepting , perhaps , the Miserere , awakes with tlie thoughts of the grave those of atonement and redemption ; the gloom of the old building , made darker st by the sombre atmosphere and the melted snow , which pattered against the high windows ; the black tapestry , varied by the armorial hearings of the prelate ; the funeral costume of the attendant bishops and clergy ;
the body beneath the altar before which the departed bad so lately ministered ; the pealing notes swelling through the lofty aisles , and floating along the vaulted temple ; the consciousness that the man whose remains all were sorrowing over had not been removed from among them by mortal decay , but "had been foully murdered wliilo in the performance of hia sacred office —« 1 I this seemed to make an appeal to the heart which it -would be difficult to express , but which was told in many a moist eye . " The Bishop of Meaux officiated . During the mass , salvoes of artillery were fired , and the hells tolled .
The ' Legitimist journal , the Union ^ publishes a letter of the Cointo do Chambord to M . Pagcot , formerly French Minister at Washington , directing him to convey to Madame de Salvandy and her children the deep regret of the writer at hearing of the death of Count do Salvandy , who was extremely influential in bringing about the fusion between the two branches of the Bourbon fiuuily —an event which , says the communication , " France ia now right in regarding as ono of the iirmost guarantees of the future . " The Prcssc , remarking on thie letter , saya : — "The note is of some interest , inasmuch as it contains the official notification of the fusion . It . ia a piece of nova , but nothing more . It is certainly r . ofcmi event . Tlicy must be clever builders , indeed , who could construct a solid voaael by the fusion of two wrecks . "
u Tho affair , says Gaiirjnani , " relative to the autograph manuscript of the late King Louis . Philippe , entitled , Continuation dc VTIwioira 0 ' iimilogiqxic , at Chronologiqua de In JSlaison lloyalv , dv . Frana . ; des . JPuirs , § c ., which excited ho much attention last Biunmer , has come on again boforo tho Civil Tribunal . It may Ijo remembered that tho lute King , when Duke of Orleans , occupied hia leisure Lours in writing tho continuation of tho history in question , which , having been commenced by a monk named Father Anaclme , waa only brought down
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A . BTJSSIAU SCHEME FOTt REGENERATING EUROPE . So 3 te curious comments on the assumed approximation of France and Russia are contained ia a letter from St . Petersburg wTiieh has been received in Paris , and transmitted to the London papers . The writer remarks that Russia is thoroughly French at heart ; that the upper classes prefer the language of France to their own ; that tlie political institutions of the two countries are identical , as well as the character of the two Emperors ; and tlat France and Russia , being placed at opposite extremities of Europe , with powerful states between , they na . ve nothing to fear from each other , and everything to hope from a union . Europe , he says , has no reason to
dread the Colossus of the North . "Russia has admitted that she could not any longer gain a single foot of ground ¦ without raising against lier a general crusade . Henceforth it is towards Asia that the eyes of the Cabinet of St . Petersburg will be turned , and to which all her efforts ¦ will converge , —Asia , which must be tributary to Europe , and whose subjection to its civilization we ought to hasten by all the means at our disposal . But ar « we to conclude that Russia has the intention , at least at the present moment , to extend her possessions in these countries , —that she is doing her utmost , as some of the English papers pretend , to work her -way to Calcutta ? Certainly not ' . the apprehensions expressed on this point are simple nonsense . To convince ourselves of the fact , we have onlv to cast a glance on the map .
Beture ; it is the progressive discontent of populations , the permanent menace of trouble and of revolution , the decline and the decay of all the Continental Poweas , the sentence of annihilation passed on their industry . One country only profits by all these internal embarrassments . That country is England , -whom her insular position exempts from the maintenance of costly armies ; England whose manufacturing industry enables hex . to profit by all the obstacles created by the armed peace against the development of every class of industry which could rival lier own . Do people really know how much , this system has cost Continental Europe for the hast forty years ? Nearly 6 " 0 , 000 , 000 , 000 f ., of which tie greater part lasts entered the coffees of Great Britain i It ia England only that has grown rich by the general disaster ; and it is still England which is alone benefited by the treaties of 1815 !"
JBut the writer thanks Heaven that " this abnormal system " is nearly at an end , and asserts that " -aoteB have been drawn up on the question , overtures made , communications exchanged , and , in a word , negotiations are at this moment carried on in the silence of Calrinets . " The contemplated alliance , we are told , is "to regenerate the face of Europe , " and , moreover , it is " inevitable . " Th £ writer is said to be iu some way connected with the Russian Chancellerie .
fore reaching Calcutta , the Russians would have to traverse vast , unhealthy , and barren steppes , some of them scorched by the sun ; and , for Russians , heat is the most formidable enemy . They would have to combat warlike tribes , against which so many powerful efforts have failed . They would have to sacrifice whole armies . For such an undertaking they should be richer than they are , and money , which is indispensable for war , -would fail them completely . When , therefore , a systematic tendency towards the North Pacific Ocean is attributed to Russia , and . a wonderful perseverance in shortening the distances which separate her from it , greater honour is paid to her policy than she deserves . " After informing us that the only rivalry England , has to fear from Russia in the East is one of industry and commerce , the writer proceeds : —
"The development of the productive powers of Russia impels her to open a passage to the tablelands of Central Asia , and Continental Europe ought to rejoice at seeing her take that direction . Europe has an essential and a paramount interest in preventing England from absorbing and monopolizing for her sole benefit the trade of Asia . Above all , France has an immense advantage in encouraging that expansion of Russia towards the extreme east . Her manufacturers can supply Russia with many things which she is still iu want of , exchange them for her metals , her wood , and other primary articles the produce of Russian soil , and the products of India and Persia , which she receives every year in the greatest quantity ; and these products can bo advantageously purchased with French merchandise .
AMERICA . We hear more by the last mails of the contemplated slave insurrection . Considerable excitement and alarm Still prevail ; numerous further arrests have been made , and plots discovered ; and more negroes have been hung , either by law or by the mob . The Mayor of Louisville , has issued a proclamation stating that , in consequence of information which shows a disposition on the part of the coloured people to rise against the whites , all slaves are to "be imprisoned during the holidaj's , who are absent from home after half-past eight in the evening . The law substituting confinement of free coloured seamen to their ships instead of imprisonment , has passed both Houses of the South Carolina legislature .
Some three hundred persons , most of whom , are currently reported to be recruits for Walker ' s army , got safely off in the Tennessee on the 24 th ult ., bound for San Juan del Norte . They arc described as the very scum of the city from which they departed . The President has been preparing a message to Congress recommending the appropriation of a sum of money to enable the Atlantic Telegraph Company to lay down a cable between the coast of Newfoundland and Ireland , to the same extent as the English Government . The New York Tribune says , it is a matter of certainty that New York has been for a number of years the centre of the trade in slaves between the coast of Africa
and Cuba . The number of slavers despatched from Now York within the last three years , though not easy to state with precision , did not fall short of twenty-five or thirty . But , though only one of the three vessels captured has been condemned , and only two out of forty-six , persons held to answer have boon convicted , the zealous and persevering efforts of the United States District-Attorney and Deputy-Marshals have not been quite thrown away . A number of the most active participants in the traffic have boon driven out of the city , as well as several slavo captains anil persona who vfsitod New York with the object of buying or of fitting up vessels . The Portuguese Consul hus been suspended from his functions on suspicion of complicity .
A bill is before the Arkansas Legislature to compel all free negroes to leave the State , under penalty of immediate sulu into slavery for life . A billallowing negroes , Indians , and mulatloca to give evidence in casen whore white persona are parties , has i mswod the Senate brunch of tho Iowa Legislature by a vote of 19 to 18 . A bill 11 to encourage and promote matrimony" has been introduced into tho Legislature of North Carolina . Huntington , tho forger ( whose history we gave last week ) , has been found Guilty , and sentenced to i ' om years and tan months' imprinoinnenf .
Tho Now York commercial advices report increased activity in tho money-market , the demand coming inoro especiall y from parties holding utocka .
ill " This , however , you will understand , is but the weak point of tlie question . Its political meaning lias far greater importance . Let us admit—and this supposition has nothing rash in it , I assure you—that to-morrow the union of the two nations was an accomplished fact ; what should we then see ? France , as the ally of Russia , could considerably reduce the expenses of her army and employ the surplus in giving to her industry , her commerce , and her navy all the extension of which they are capable . France , as the ally of Russia , would become a naval power of the first order—tho centre and
pivot of a great maritime confederation . The freedom of the seas would have nothing more to fear from tho audacity of the British flag , whose relative superiority would then be effaced and its gigantic proportions lost . All chance of a struggle by sea would thus disappear , while by land an armed conflict would not be possible . Who , in f « ct , would dare to attack Franco and Russia united—Russia , moreover , having at hor disposal tho whole force of Prussia , when the aggressor would bo most assuredly crushed ? It is then , but only then , that the words spoken at Bordeaux , ' DEmpire e'est la paix , would be ! he truth . "
rho writer conceives that some modification must take place sooner or later in the Treaties of Vienna , which , in point of fact , were but tho solemn confirmation of tho absolute supremacy of Grout Britain . " 11 « accuses England of having contrived , on tho conclusion of tho war with France in 1815 , to remodel the map of Europe , and to introduce into every state " a eauao of weakness , an clement of dissolution , a principle of decay , '' in tho uhapo of sonic incongruous nationality forcibly included within tho limits of all tho chief Governments , or some constitution unfitted to the people on whom it was
imposed . Thua , Poland , Northern Italy , Sicily , Belgium , tho Rhenish Proviucoa , Neufchatel , &c , were distributed among Powers to whom they were naturally antagonistic ; and France " was inoculated with tho -virus of a constitution it VAnglaise . " Thus , by tho hand of England , weru " tho elements of disorder placed with inforuul art under ovcry throne of the Continent . All this avub more than sufficient to occupy tho sovereigns in their own dominion a , and it condemned them for ever to tho niyima of an armed peace ; but this reyhne is tho augmentation , every year more onerous , of public oxpeudi-
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January 17 , 1857 . ] THE LEADER , 51
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 17, 1857, page 51, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2176/page/3/
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