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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE UNEMPLOYED . Applications by bodies of unemployed labourers have been made during the week at the Mansion House , Bowstreet , Marylebone , Thames , Clerkenwell , and Lambeth police-offices , where the men complained that they had been refused relief by the various workhouses . At the Marylebone office they collected in such large numbers , and were so threatening in their demeanour , that it was found necessary to tell them the police would be sent for unless they became quieter ; and at the Thames office
the attendants were obliged to close the outer doors . In all these cases , it appeared from the statements of the parish authorities , or from the admissions of the men , that the applicants had been offered work and food , but that they refused to enter the walls of the workhouses , and demanded out-door relief . The deputation to the Marylebone office carried a banner -which stated that 150 , 000 men are out of work in London . 3 Ir . Broughton , the [ magistrate , described this as a falsehood , and advised the men to call again at the workhouse and take the work offered them . The same advice was tendered
at Bow-street and Lambeth ; and the men dispersed . At the Thames office , a man was brought up charged with begging . He had been seen in company with some dozen others , carrying a shovel and soliciting money . This was held by Mr . Yardley to be intimidation ; but he dismissed the man , observing that any repetition of the offence would be severely punished . The man ' s companions were at tlveljaek of the court ; and two , adrancing , stated that they had been refused relief ; but it appeared that they had only been refused out-door assist * ance . One of them said he would rather go to prison than into a workhouse . Mr . Yardley told him he was talking nonsense , as no stain attaches to the pauper , while , on the other hand , " people will not employ
gaolbirds . " The magistrate , indeed , delivered himself with some of his usual roughness , talking in a rather high strain of the " inevitable" distress of the working classes at certain seasons , and of a portion of that distress being caused by the improvidence" of labouring men . He added , however , that he sympathized with their distress , and he ordered the chief usher of the court to give the unmarried men of the gang a quartern loaf each , and the married men two loaves . Soon , after this was done , a deputation of unemployed labourers entered the court , and , having stated their distresses , were relieved with sixpence or a shilling each . The same sums were given to other famishing individuals in the course of the day * . —In the evening , a crowded
meeting of the unemployed workmen was held at " the institution , " Weston-street , Caraden Town , for the purpose of receiving the reports of the deputations which bad attended the various parishes in the morning . A disposition was here shown to adopt the parochial condition of going into the workhouses , and performing the allotted toil . The chairman ( Mr . John Brien , a house painter ) having exhorted his coniradea to preserve order , the meeting peaceably separated . Another gathering in Smith field had taken place early in the morning , when the proceeding .- ) of the day were arranged , and it was
resolved that any one who should break the peace should be at once given into custody . —At a meeting on Wednesday of the directors of the poor of St . Pancras , Mr . Churchwarden Wyatt , alluding to the refusal of many of the applicants to work , observed that " the fact was the persons were not destitute , and there was some sort of political movement in the matter . " —A young man is under remand at Marylebone , charged with assaulting the relieving overseer of the workhouse ; and , on Thursday , at the Thames office , Mr . Yardley committed a man to n fortnight ' s hard labour for being concerned with othera in intimidating ; a baker into giving bread .
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Refusing to Wohk . —Sixteen able-bodied paupers belonging to Christ church workhouse , ulcven of whom were considerably under forty yeara of age , wore brought up at Southwark police-office last Saturday , charged with refusing to perform the work allotted them in return for their iniiintenance , and setting the parish authorities at defiance . They aasertctl that the food was insufficient , and that they had not the Btrength to work upon it . This was denied by Mr . Blake , the clerk to the guardians , who said they were liberally treated . Until
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" while the Archbishop was on his knees on the steps of the altar , adoring the Holy Sacrament . A few moments before the benediction , a priest rushed from behind the altar , and stabbed the Archbishop with a poniard . One of the canons near the prelate pushed the arm of the assassin and broke the force of the blow . The poniard hung in the Archbishop ' s robes , and wounded him but very slightly . He at once took to flight , and then the priest , drawing a pistol from under his garments , shot the canon dead . No reason for this sacrilegious murder is yet known . " " One of the two frigates of the United Stales , the SusqueTianna , " says a Genoa letter , " has left for Naples , in obedience to the summons of the American Minister in that city , who does not think the political situation at all satisfactory . "
in 1855 , and was dedicated to the King , who was completely deceived , and ordered several copies of the book , placing the presentation copy on his shelf . When he found out his mistake , he was greatly angered ; and the article in the Revue de Paris reopened the wound . Accordingly , he complained to the French Government , which salved the sore place by suspending , the Revue . Orders , it is said , have been despatched to Toulon for the immediate departure of a fleet for China . With reference to the Count de Chambord ' s letter to J £ . Pugeot , one of the Orleans Princes has publicly denied that the Tvord ' fusion' indicates anything more than & family reconciliation . It appears that it is utterly void of political significance . The Tribunal of Correctional Police has commenced the trial of twenty-four persons belonging to a secret society .
The Pays announces that another collision has taken place on the frontiers of Persia , between the Russians and the Turcoman tribes . The French Foreign-Office is engaged in examining the validity of the Trench claim to the island of Karrack , now occupied by the English troops . The question , respecting the liberty of distributing electoral tickets in France has again been before the Court of Cassation , by which the decision of the Imperial Court of Lyons in favour of the view that electoral tickets do not fall under the law of colportage has been put aside . This sends the case before another Imperial Court . GEItMANT .
An article that appeared in the last number of the Catholic Sunday Paper , which is edited by a priest and published at Munich , has produced a very great sensation . The rnuTder of the Archbishop of Paris is not exactly justified , but it is excused , and Verger is represented as a kind of martyr . The late Archbishop is accused of undue severity towards the lower clergy , and it is said that the same charge may with justice be made against the Roman Catholic hierarchy in Germany . The article has made so much noise in Bavaria , that the Jesuits have considered it necessary to announce in the public papers that they are in no connexion with the above-mentioned paper . —Times Vienna Correspondent .
ITALY . . The condition of Naples appears , if possible , to grow worse every day . The prisons are overfilled , and the wretched captives are kept without any fire in damp cells , and are denied either chairs or pallets . A journalist who had been in prison , and who was about to be dismissed , as he was in fact a Royalist , injudiciously remarked that the treatment he "had received was hardly to be matched at Tunis . He was thereupon subjected to a flogging " . The police stop -the most inoffensive passengers in the streets , search , insult , and beat them , and at the slightest murmur carry them off . In short , there is a complete Reign of Terror . The King has left Naples for Caserta ; but fear and suspicion follow him , and he denies himself even to his ministers .
He only allows the priests to enter his chamber ; and even they are searched beforehand , to see that they have no concealed weapons . He is afraid of travelling- by rail , lest he should be blown up , and gas inspires him with alarm . He has distributed money among the lazxarcni ; so tliat , in the case of any outbreak , we may expect to hear of a repetition of the horrible massacres committed by those savage Bedouins of the streets in May , 1848 . The Swiss soldiers show no sign of a desire to leave for their own country ; indeed , some of the officers have been heard to say that they would be fools to leave a place where they are so well oiF . Except lit these privileged circles , dismay and sadness darken the faces and weigh down the hearts of all . Mourning is very generally worn , and the Carnival is unheeded .
Some particulars of the precautions taken at Caserta by the King- are given by the Daily News Naples correspondent . They will remind the reader of the way in which Louis XI . of France entrenched himself at Plessisles-Tours . We road : — " A special police for the palace has been formed , it is said , and written instructions have been drawn up and consigned to an employe" the royal household , as to the mode in which these duties are to be executed . Eighty-four sbirri , picked men , and advanced in life ( Calabrese and Sicilians being rejected ) , have been sent from Naples , with a number of the infantry body-guard . To these men is confided the
delicate office of guarding the palace . At the same time directions have been given to the inhabitants of houses looking into the boscketto of the palace to have their windows closed at certain intervals of the day . A strong patrol of cavalry is always on guard in the vast piazza which lies before the palace , and another body ia continually on patrol in the courts of the palace . Every person , again , who comes to Caserta is accompanied by a soldier , who watches over him till lie leaves for Naples . It is forbidden , too , to traverse the road which leads directly from the station to the palace , and persons aro compelled to go by another road , which passes close to the barracks . "
An attempt has been made to stab the Archbishop of Accrcnza and Matera , in the kingdom of tho Two Sicilies ; and at tho same time one of tho canona was actually murdered . Tho Gazette de Lyon says that the Attempt was made during tho forty hours prayers
Russian note protests against the pretensions of England , admitting , at the same time , the evacuation of Herat by Persia . ' According to the Czas , there is some probability of the Russians marching into Central Asia . A Russo-American company is about to navigate some of the Siberian rivers . The concession for the Karnthner Railroad has just been granted by the Emperor ; but the " founders" have not yet been able to place shares of the nominal value of 15 , 000 , 000 florins . SPAIN . The Madrid Gazette of the 27 th ult . publishes a Royal decree , authorizing the definitive constitution of the company for the construction of a railway from Madrid to Saragossa and Alicante , granting a month for commencing operations .
The King of Sardinia has returned to Turin from Nice . While at the latter city , he received from the English residents there an address congratulating him on the liberal policy which he pursues . On his journey back to Turin , the King received numerous demonstrations of popularity . . A Turin paper alludes to an insurrection in Milan .
AUSTRIA . " It is stated , " says the Times Paris correspondent , " that the English and French Governments nave instructed their respective ambassadors to intimate to the Austrian Government their great satisfaction at the conduct of the young Emperor at Milan , in granting so complete an amnesty . Some of the political prisoners have , it is said , refused to quit the place of their confinement . They are informed that if they do not wish
to leave quietly they will be expelled by force . " At the instance of the Jesuits , a work written by an Austrian priest named Gunther , the object of which is to show that revealed religion has a philosophical basis , has been placed by the Pope in the Index Expurgatorius . The book is very popular among the young Austrian priests , and the Pope had formerly refused to confirm the condemnation of it pronounced by the Austrian " Congregation of the Holy Index ; " but the Pontiff has now succumbed beneath renewed requests .
Some details , throwing a strange light upon the alleged ' liberality' of the Emperor to the Italians , are given by the Daily Netvs Vienna correspondent , who says : — "I have tried to apply the proper language to the occurrences . I designated the conduct of Baron Burger ' brutal' when he told Count Litta that he ought to feel honoured if the Emperor condescended to insult him , cuff his ears , and then kick him . When the Emperor told Count Litta to warn his friends that if there was a revolution he would not protect the nobles , but leave them to the furj' of the mob—when , in other
words , he threatened Italian gentlemen as he had done the Gallicians- —I called such sentiments ' atrocious . '" The correspondent goes on to state that , on the night when the Emperor and Empress went to the Scala Theatre , Milan , and when the honours paid by the public ai'e said to have been spontaneous , the police organized a body of five hundred villains , who , flushed with drink and money , went through the streets , shouting , " Light up ! Long life to ourselves , and death to the gentry !" They also broke into houses and wounded several gentlemen .
PORTUGAL . There has been some difficulty on the part of the Legitimist members of the Chamber of Deputies with respect to the oath which they are required to take , and which runs thus : — " I swear inviolable fidelity to the Roman Catholic Apostolic religion , to the King , the nation , and the constitutional charter , and that I will aid to the utmost of my ability the promulgation of just and wise laws , calculated to promote the prosperity of the people , the glory of the King , and the splendour of the State . " The Legitimists say their scruples will be satisfied by the alteration in the oath previously proposed by
Sefior Pereira deCunha , one of their number . According to this , the oath would stand as follows ;— " In conformity with the powers which have been granted to me , and in the exercise of the functions of deputy , I swear that I will do all that may be conducive to the general welfare of the nation , within the limits of the constitutional charter and the act added to it . " Tho President of tho Chamber , in conciliatory language , intimated to the Legitimists that , as they refused to take tho oath as it stood , they must retire ; which they did , and it was then resolved that the proposed alteration should bo submitted to a committee .
Many rumours of changes in the Ministry are in circulation . Mr . Olivoira , M . P ., has left Portugal for England . Ho has been making a tour for the promotion of a general reduction in this country of the duties upon wine . The British factors of Oporto gave him a grand dinner , and the Commercial Association of that city elected him . an honorary member , and sent a deputation to compliment him upon his exertions iu tho cause . Indeed , lie ia stated to have been received everywhere with great enthusiasm .
ItUSSIA . The nssertiona of tho English papers relative to tho pretended acceptance of tho British ultimatum by Pcraa avc incorrect , according to a despatch from Berlin . A
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OUR CIVILIZATION . a . .
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• February 7 , 1857 . ] THE LEADER , 125
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 7, 1857, page 125, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2179/page/5/
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