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AMERICA
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CHINA
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-working man , and was "well aware of the hardships of the present system of rating to tlie poor . The people of Birmingham , under the presidency of their Mayor , assembled on Wednesday night , to tho . number of nearly 7000 , to hear their members , Messrs . TMuntz and Scholefield , whom they had inyitei for the purpose . The members both defended their votes upon the Chinese war , but denied having given them from attachment to Lord Palmerston . After a discussion of three hours , the following resolution was passed : ¦* l That this meeting , strongly disapproving the attempts that are being made to obtain the election of a new Parliament upon th « mere question of adherence to Lord Palmerston , and being of opinion that the principles of civil and religious liberty and progressive reform are those that should , be maintained by Messrs . Muntz and Scholefield , considers them entitled to the support of the electors . "
The late members for Southampton , Messrs . B . M . Willcox and T . M . Wegueldt , addressed a public meeting of the electors on . Tuesday evening , at the Victoria-rooms . There was an immense assemblage , including all the leading members of the Liberal party . Admiral Sir Henry Prescott occupied the chair , and the two candidates laving explained their Parliamentary conduct , a resolution of confidence in them was carried ¦ wi th the unanimous acclamations of the whole assembly . A resolution was also unanimously adopted , approving Of the foreign policy of Lord Palmerston , but urging him to pay more attention to internal reform .
A meeting of the electors for the borough and district of Walungitokd was held in . the Corn-exchange , on Tuesday evening , to hear the addresses from Mr . Maljns , the late member , and from Captain Sartoris , the new candidate . Both are Liberals ; but the former condemns , "while the latter upholds , our operations in China . Mr . II . W . Wickham , the Conservative candidate for Bradford , addressed about 1800 persons at St . George ' s Hall on Tuesday night , when a resolution , pledging the meeting to use every exertion to return him , was carried ¦ without a dissentient . —General Perrosex
Thompsonhas addressed Ward meetings of the electors and nonelectors during the week . In his addresses , lie states that he is a friend and supporter of general , and almost universal reform—reform in the representation , reform in the indirect taxation pressing upon the poorer and working classes , and reform in the secret diplomacy of Government . He would vote for no money beinggranted from the public purse for any religious purpose ; but , regarding Mr . Miall ' s motion , he would deal with the funds which belong to the Irish establishment , and . devote them alike to all denominations . lie is a supporter of the ballot and the extension of the suffrage . He would reduce the 10 ? . to a 5 / . qualification , and even .
go to a 21 . 10 s . one afterwards . He is a supporter of State education , but opposed to church-rates , in lieu of which he would place a Bishop or two on half-pay . He also expresses his disapprobation of capi tal nunishments , Sir Frederick Thesiger and Lord Robert Cecil , the late members for Stamford , met their constituents on Tuesday niglit . The former ridiculed the Government for the immense number of bills—some twenty at least —which had been introduced only to be "Withdrawn during the session of 1856 ; taunted Xord Piilmerston with yielding whenever he saw a strong opposition ; and said that his programme was of the vaguest and most ridiculously unmeaning kind . Lord Robert Cecil spoke to the same effect ; and both were well received .
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CONTINENTAL NOTE'S . FitANCE . Thk report of the Minister of State on tho Budget oi 1858 has bcun presented and road . It shows mi excess of receipts over expenditure to the amount of 25 , 000 , 000 fruncs . This surplus , it is recommended , shall be applied to tho redemption of tho floating debt . The Monitmr states that tho Emperor Napoleon ha had mi interview with M . Eacher , President of tho If a tioiud Council of the Swiss Confederation . The third conference on tho uffairs of Noufohatol tool ¦ p lace at Pwis on Tuesday . Dr . ICern , tho Swiss Plcni potuntiary , wan present for the iir . it time . What trail Hpired is not known . Father Ventura has boon attracting considerable at tention by his doininointiona of courtly viea . Hi sermon lust Sunduy in tho chapel of tins Tuilerica vn singularly bold . Addressing tho Kmperor , In : . said thai even if his life wero moral and edifying , it would no Hudico unlesa ho drove from hi * pronunco iill who . so live were tho contrary . JIo olworved that hh Mnynty wm i error if he auppojod that hi .-s private acts were oonunoi
America
slavery , is swept away . " The Secretary of the Navy has ordered the United States steam-frigates Niagara and Mississippi to be equipped for sea with all possible despatch , as these vessels have been selected to assist in laying down the Atlantic telegraph cable between Ne wfoundland and Ireland , in compliance with the act just passed by Congress . The body of Dr . Kane lay in state at Baltimore . Lord Napier , our new representative at Washington , has been waited upon at the Clarendon Hotel , New York , by a deputation from the Chamber of Commerce of that city , to congratulate him on his arrival , and to express the sentiments of friendship towards England entertained by the majority of Americans . His Lordship replied in the same cordial spirit . A similar welcome was given to Mr . Dallas by tlie merchants of Liverpool on his arrival at that port .
the residence of a slave in a free state doe 3 not affect his legal condition upon his return to a state where slavery is allowed by law . Thus , at one blow , all the egislation of the country , from the formation of the constitution to the present day , against the extension of
Walker ' s troops at San Juan have forced their way up the river , and captured a steamer , arms , and ammunition . . A " difficulty" at Washington , ending in the death of one of the parties concerned , is thus related by the New York Herald : —" During the immense pressure at the President ' s levee , Colonel Lee , a member of our city council and a clerk in the Pension-office , seized . a gentleman by the collar , and charged him with picking his pocket . The gentleman charged was llr . David Hume ,
of Alexandria , a highly respectable merchant . Next morning , Mr . Hume , accompanied by Colonel James C . Walker , reading clerk iu the House o-f Representatives , proceeded to the Pension-olfi . ce to explain and satisfy Colonel Lee that he was mistaken in supposing him a pickpocket . Lee , however , was fixed in his opinion that Hume had attempted to steal his pocket-book , whereupon Hume struck him with a stick , and in return was shot dead by Lee . The whole affair transpired in a moment , and before any one had supposed there would be a serious difficulty . "
" A private letter from Cadiz , " says the Times , " mentions that , according to the latest advices from the Gulf of Mexico , the forts of Vera Cruz had fired on the boats of the Spanish frigate Ferrolana , though war was not yet declared . The commander of the frigate demanded an explanation of this act of hostility . It is added , that the commandant on the American station had anchored in the roads , and that there were several ships of the French and English squadron in those waters . The Mexicans boast that in case of war they can . count on assistance from the United States . "
The Buenos Ayreau Government addressed a note to her Britannic Majesty ' s Acting Conaul-General , apologizing for their note of the Gth of January , 1853 , to the Hon . Capt . Gore , enclosing him bis passport , and requesting that both the note and the passport might be considered as withdrawn . In consequence of this apology being accepted , the English flag was salute . d ou the 1 st of February , and tho compliment was returned by her Majesty ' s ship Harier . A disagreeable affair with respect to some black seamen who are English subjects has occurred at Norfolk , Virginia . Two free negroes , on board the English
barque Billow , were arrested in that city for being absent from their vessel without leave . The Mayor ordered that they should be flogged ; but the punishment was afterwards commuted to the payment of the costs of arrost and the other usual charges . The captain consented ; but the English consul , Mr . G . P . It . James , the well-known novelist , demurred on the ground of the men being English subjects . The Mayor , however , insisted , and gave Mr . James tho option of paying the charges , or submitting to tho punishment of the negroes . Tlie consul , of course , paid the money , but under protest . The monCy-market at Now York continues active .
AMERICA . The Republicans in the Senate are expressing dissatisfaction with the formation of the committees , considering that the Democrats , who have obtained a majority of five-sevenths , have too great a preponderance . Mr . Crittenden has introduced resolutions in opposition to tho new maritime code of the European Powers with reference to privateering , and in favour of the complete exemption of all vessels e ' nguged in commerce and their cargoes from seizure in time of war . It was referred to tho Committee on Foreign Relations . Tho Washington correspondent of tho New York Courier and Enquirer states that tho English treat } ' has beon referred to the Committee on Public Affairs , and that the determination appeared to bo to act upon it . Tho President is said to have expressed a , wish that the 4 Soiiato would act immediately on tho matter . The Mexican treaty has been rejected by the President .
Tho Supreme Court of tho United States has pronounced judgment in the " Drod Scott" case . It is to the effect that the plaintiff , Drod , being of African blood , is not a citizen of the United States , and tWeforo not competent to suo in a court of tho United States . Tlie seven Democratic Judges pronounced for tho slavery of Died ; tho two Whig Judges for his freedom . Tho tribunal , observes tho Ifew York Times , " decides that tlio ordinance of 1787 , so far as it prohibited slavery from the north-west territory , was unconstitutional ; that tlio Missouri Com promise , so fur as it excluded slavery from tho Louisiana territory north of 30 deg . 30 nun ., was unconstitutional ; that Congress had no power to prohibit bluvory from any portion of tho federal territory , nor to authorize tho inhabitants thereof to do ao ; tlmt negroes arc not citizens of the United States : and that
China
insatiable . " After sundry accusations of outrage and violence , the culminating offence of the English— -the attack on Canton—is denounced ; " rude as the boar , and eager a 3 the wolf , they have pushed their rebellion far . " The high authorities of China , howaver , were still liberal and indulgent , and , in a Christian spirit , refused to retaliate , until at length " the brute nature" of , the English , waxing more and more ferocious and perverse , they ventured the length of scaling the walls and entering the city . " They are a poison to life . Their crimes have reached the highest point . " Accordingly ,
a meeting of the gentry and literati of the whole district was convened on the 11 th of December , at which the supply of food was strictly prohibited . But the religious proselytism of the English is the last feather that > reaks the back of the over-burdened Chinese camel . " Among their simple youth are some who have been tricked by the devils into a profession of Christianity , to the misleading of mankind , the delusion of tho people , and the great injury of morals . No time must be lost iu burning their heterodox books mid driving out both , teacher and disciples . " - —Times .
Smug&ling- in Ckin"A . —Some correspondence relative to consular interference for the prevention of smuggling in China was presented to the late parliament a few days before its dissolution . Viscount Pahneraton , when Eoreign Secretary of State , wrote to Sir George Bonham in May , 1851 , respecting the expediency of devising : effectual means for stopping the system of smuggling prevailing in China , and especially at Shanghai . The smuggling appears attributable to the remissriess and . corruption of the Chinese authorities , and on the twofold ground of a certain clause in the treaty of Hoo-munchae
and of ' ' omission of the China Government itself to act up to the manifest intention of the existing treaties-Lord Palmerdton determined to withhold for the future all interference on the part of the British consular authorities for the protection of the Chinese revenue . The Government of her Majesty came to this decision with , reluctance , but , as the Chinese authorities would not do their duty in preventing dishonest traders front defrauding tlie Emperor of his just dues , the British Government could no longer order her Majesty ' s consuls to do that for the Emperor which his own servants did not deem it necessary to do . —Idem .
Outraqe by Chinese Pikates on an Esgush Sailor . —An extract from a letter from William Kae , dated Hong-Kong , December 31 , 1856 , has been communicated to the Times by the writer ' s brother . It states : — " Last August , I took command of a loreha in the coasting trade . I left here on the 10 th of September for Chinchew , with a valuable cargo , but when within twenty miles of that port was boarded , and after a severe struggle was taken by Chinese jriratos . My mate and several of the crew were killed ; I received a shot through the leg , a severe cut on the head , and threa other wounds , and was made prisoner . The vessel was taken , plundered , and ultimately burnt ; what becamu of the remainder of the crow I never learnt . I was carried some distance into tho interior and treated brutally 1 shudder now to think of it . Sick , lame , and weary , t was ' goaded almost to madness . ; my wounds undressed , and ufferel to
s . remain so ; no one to assist me . I dared not complain . What little tho barbarians gave too to eat was thrown at me . At one time , I gave all up for lost . Why they suffered mo to live bo long 1 cannot say ; but it will take too long to tell all tho horrid tala ; sullice it to say , after being a prisoner among them for nine long dreary weck 3 , suffering and enduring all that man could suffer , 1 at last made my escape to tho coast , and , after five clays spent in toil , pain , and starvation , was picked up by a vossol bound here , whero I arrivod on the 7 th of this month iu a state ' which may well be conceived ; all tlmt I hud in the world was an old shirt , pants , and hut . I applied to the authorities hero and atated the cane , when a man-of-war steamer was dowpatohcsd up tlie coast , but has since returned with no tiding . - * , th
CHINA . The Oi'Eiiations at Canton . — " Further papers" relative to the proceedings of her Majesty ' n naval l ' orcen at Canton were laid before the late Parliament a few days ago , and published on Saturday . The correspondence , as may be supposed , relates exclusively to tlio details of the operations of the English forces at the seat of war . The most remarkable paper i . s a " notice" ( purporting to be ) issued by tliu whulo district of Sing-nn ( Sun-on ) , peremptorily prohibiting the supply of provisions to the " English barbariun . s . " The preamble , ao to speak , of tlio " notice" recites that " the EiitfliMh
outlaws , running riot in rebellion and bearing themselves contumaciously and insolently to Chinu , had for a series of years committed mores crimes than hairs can bo plucked from the head to number ; " yet , notwithstanding their unbearable insolence , the Chinese Government was mercifully pleased , when they treated for pcuco , to oxtond to them " oxtmordinuy favour , to forgive them their past oflcnceH , and to allow tlicm to trade at Victoria and other parts of Hong-Kong . " Instead of repenting ( as it bohoved them ) of their faults , " a heart of mischief lay within ( the English ) ; " " thoir cupidity was
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March 28 , 1857 . ] THE LEADER . 295
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Leader (1850-1860), March 28, 1857, page 295, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2186/page/7/
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