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strike the Carlists a deadly blow . What says France ; whose lovely Empress has just been illustrating her fidelity to Spanish attachments by attending a bull-fight in Bayonne ? The gaieties unluckily terminated in a breftk-dercro of a part of the building , with some ugly deaths and mutilations ; The works of man are just n # iy in many respgpfcs presenting a painful yet ludt&roas contrasji t& the works of highg ? powe »§« . The harvest © pery-¦ where appears to be in magnificent order . Our own trade , indeed , is in a corresponding condition ^ speaking generally . The returns for the seven months of 1857 show an increase of 22 per cent . in the amount of our exports , while there is yet a larger progressive increase in the amount of our exported manufactures .
But when we look into the details of our trade we find some curious anomalies . Upo ' n the whole , it may be said that railway property is recovering from rather a severe depression , and in accordance with this recovery a new project makes its appear , ance , not before it is wanted—a plan for uniting all the lines south , of the Thames , and bringing a terminus for them , by a bridge across the river , into the centre of "Westminster at Yictoria-street .
Meanwhile , Tice Chancellor Page " Wood has pronounced judgment in favour of the preference shareholders of the Great Northern Railway Company— -a decision in strict * accordance -with the existing law , but- adding another to the many existing oppressions which are bearing down the original shareholder in joint-stock associations . And the itoyal Surrey Gardens Company ( Limited )* which was last year dividing ten per cent ., is this year in the Bankruptcy Court ; its directors , amongst whom are Mr . James Coppock , Mr . Thomas Ivnox Holmes , and M . Jullien , disputing who is in the wrong , and endeavouring to explain away how it is that poor B ^ rs . Seacole has not yet got anything through her successful benefit in the Gardens .
Mr . Spoxlen is also asserting his commercial rights under rather peculiar circumstances . He has been re-arrested on a charge of robbing Mr . Little . On Spoixeh ' s person was found the sum of ten pounds , and the point on which he showed anxiety when he was brought before a magistrate for preliminary examination was the recovery of that money , which he said would not be sufficient for his defence .
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George Sblwttn . —Amongst the expiring -wits and beaux of high life , I can just recollect , when I was a boy , tho famous Georgo Selwyn , whose name ia now nearly forgotton , but whose hons mots then were in every one ' s mouth . He had a peculiarity so grafted in his nature , that it might to colled a paaalon—this was aw irrepressible desire to see public executions . On one occasion of some particular culprit being executed at Tyburn , a friend , who knew his foible , betted him one hundred gninoas that ho would be present at the ceremony i he accepted the bet , and was discovered in the crowd , in tho dress of an old apple-Woman , and paid the
money . During tho period which followed the rcoelUon in 1746 , he bad attended tho execution of Lord Balznerino at the Tower , and when reproached with , cruelty in witnessing the death of one whom he had personally known , ho exculpated himself by pleading bia foible , and adding that , if he lind erred in going to see Lord Balmoxino ' s head , cut off , ho had Afterwards made every preparation in his power by going the next day to flee the bead sowed on , previous to tho interment . When in Paris , his anxiety was bo groat to see a famous malefactor broke upon the wheel , that he hit upon a curious expedient . Upon great occasions of this sort ( I think
it was that of Dnmiona ) , the head executioner of Paris was wont to invite his comrades from tho provinces to assist at this specimen of their art . Solwyn contrived early to be noar the scaffold , and when the provincial artists made thoir appearance he joined their party at tho l ) ar through which , they wore admitted ; tho flret was Announced as Monsieur Do Lyons , then Monsieur Do Bordeaux , &o ., but when it came to Sohvyn ' a turn , tho attendant , Booing ho was an Englishman , said in an inquiring tono , " Monsieur Do Londroa ? " to which Selwyn bowed assent , mid mountod tho scaffold in tho character of tho English Jack Kotoh . —Journal qf T , ^ a ^ M . Esq .
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Monday ., August 24 th . THE OPIUi | H TRAFFIC . In tbeHbtratOF Lords ,. tfi % L > QRn > CHAxanxotfehaving ' laid on the table . 'the opinion of the law © fficeiraof the CroirB with-WMpeefc to tft # opium traffic in Gfahja ,, Lord St . IiHONAKf »» and Lordl 1 Ct ^ MPiHSiiL objected tovflie Government having consulted the | aw officers rather than the Jttdge ^^ ko are . tjj « f eonstftntional advi * WS of the Ministry ,. The course taken y * t 0 condemned a * contrary to precedent .
THE INDIAN CKISIS . The Earl of Ellenborough made some suggestions with respect to the present state of affairs in India . He thought some gentleman should be employed to put the telegraphic despatches from our Eastern Empire into plain English . He also called attention to the fact that by the transfer to the East India Company of the infantry , cavalry , artillery , and engineers , selected for service in India , the expenses of the home establishment during the next six months would be reduced to the extent of 529 , 000 ? . Assuming that the troops added to the army during the same period would cost 300 , 000 ? .,
there would remain a sum of about 230 , 000 ? . applicable to military purposes . Therefore the Government could , Out of the 200 , 000 ? . voted by Parliament for the militia , raise 10 , 000 men , and -with the money to which he had referred embody 10 , 000 or 12 , 000 more , and he hoped they would so apply that sum .- —Lord Panmure promised that whatever balance was in hand should be applied to the exigencies of the country , either in recruiting or iu sending out additional troops to India . At that moment , independent of the permanent staff of the militia , they had 550 recruiting parties dispersed through the country , and during the last three weeks they had got more than 1600 recruits .
PERSONAL EXPLANATION . Lord Redesdale justified the course he pursued on the previous Friday night with regard to the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Bill , and expressed , a hope that Eaxl Granville would make some public apology for the strong language which he used on that occasion .- — -Earl Granville said it was impossible he could express regret where he felt none . ' He meant nothing discourteous to the noble lord . —The Lord Chancellor supported Lord Granville ; but other peers were of opinion that his Lordship , in saying that Lord Redesdale ' s attempt to get rid of the bill had the appearance of ' a trick , ' had behaved with great discourtesy ; and Viscount DtwaANNoy observed that the scene on tire Friday night had exceeded anything he had ever witnessed in the most violent days of the House of Commons .
The Commons' amendments to the Militia Bill and the Sale of Obscene Books , &o ., Bill were agreed to , as well as the Commons' amendments to the Lords ' amendments to the Burial Act Amendment Bill .
DIVORCE AND MATRIMONIAL CAUSES BILL . On the motion for the consideration of the Commons ' amendments to this bill , Lord Redesdale moved that tho consideration of them be postponed until that day six months , alleging as his grounds for doing so the nature of the alterations , the great advantage which would arise from giving the country further time to consider the subject , and the improbability of the objects of the bill being attained through its provisions . In his opinion , it was an imperfect measure , and the differences between the two Houses were not likely to be settled by conviction , but pimply for the convenience of tho Government . —The Lord Chancellor observed that , if tho amendments of the Commons were totally new , and
took their Lordships by surprise , there might be some foundation for the amendment 5 but they were all on subjects with tho merits or demerits of which the House was familiar . — Lord St . Leonards supported tbo amendment , because he conceived that , as tho hours of the session were numbered , it would be quite impossible to discuss the many important alterations which . tho Commons had made in the bill . —Earl Granvillis said , he never remembered a measure which had been so fully discussed in both Houses , and it was desirable that this delicate question , so closely connected with the happiness of English homes and the morality of the people , should bo decided at once . Ho did not himself seo what advantage could bo gained by a postponement . Tho
period of the session wan only to bo considered as it affected the attendance of peers , and he had seldom , witnessed so many present in the Houso as at that moment . If aomo of tho most cminont peers were absent , ho bolioved it was owing to the fact that in tho main they agreed with the Government with regard to tho bill . —Tho Earl of Carnarvon denied that this bill wob substantially tho same as that sent down to tho House of Commons . He had taken tho trouble to make an analysis of tho olausos as thoy stood , and ho found that , of Bcvonty-threo , fifty-nino woro either now or had undergone alteration . Five had boon struok out , and twentyone had boon added by the other House . Thlrty-throo had boon altorod—ninotoon materially , and fourteen verbally , or in other minor rospoots .
On a division , there appeared—For the original motion , 40 ; against it , 44 . Lord llcdosdalo ' 3 amendment was consequently lost . Tho Houso then proceeded to tho consideration of the Commons' amendments .
On the clause establishing local courts , a discussion took pl a ^ e , which ended in the Government agreeing to Strike oat " Quarter Sessions , " which was one of the three local tribunals proposed by the Commons for dealing with divoree cases . —Lord St . Leonards moved that the ward * " adultery committed within the conjugal residence , " as a ground of divorce , should be omitted which amendment , on a division , was carried by 44 to 27 . — -A division also took place on the words inserted by £ he Commons , making rape and two other offences grounds , of divorce , , and resulted in their retention bv 4 S against 29 . —The Bishop of Oxford objected to * amendment , which left it . to the option of the court tosay whether adultery committed by the husband should
be a bar to his obtaining a divorce , instead of making it an absolute bar . —On a division , the Commons' amendment was carried by 39 against 35 . —Lord St . Leonards moved the omission of clause P , which he said would continue the action for crim . con . —The clause was carried on a division , the numbers being 77 against 67 . In this division , pr-oxies were , used for the first time during the evening . —The amendment ! relieving clergymen from penalties in the event of their refusing to marry divorced parties , on the ground of conscientious scruples , and compelling incumbents to open parish churches to the performance of such marriages by other clergymen who do not entertain those scruples , were agreed to after considerable discussion and two divisions .
The remaining Commons amendments to the bill were then agreed to , and their Lordships adjourned at tea minutes after one . In the House of Commons , with the exception of the consideration of , and agreement to , the Lords' amendments to several bills sent up from the Commons , the only business transacted took the form of
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS . Mr . Labougheee , replying to Sir De Lacy Evans , stated that the Governor of the Cape had thought It right to embody the German Legion . The numerical force was about 2000 men . Mr . Wilson , in answer to Mr . Corey , stated that the long-pending negotiations for improving the communication between London and Dublin have been brought to a close . The arrangement will come hrto practical effect within two years . Lord Palmerston , in answer to Mr . Helnlky , stat ed that the Government had received no intelligence relative to the loss of the Transit steamer beyond that
communicated by the telegraph . —Replying to Mr . Griffiths , the Premier said that no recent communication had passed with the Pacha of Egypt on the subject of permitting the passage of troops for India . During the Russian war , the Pacha had given every facility for the passage of troops , and , should occasion arise , he ( Lord Palmerston ) had no doubt he would do so again . —In answer to Lord Raynham , who made inquiries relative to certain operations by Russian ships on the coast of Circassia , Lord Palmerston stated that he did not think the operations referred to were in contravention of the treaty of Paris . The House adjourned early in the afternoon .
Tuesday , August 25 th . The Speaker and various members of the House of Commons having appeared at the bar of the House of Lords , the Royal Commissioners—viz ., the Lord Chancellor , Lord Panmure , and the Earl of IIaekowbt—gave her Majesty ' s assent to various bills .
THE COMMISSION SYSTEM IN THE ARMY . Lord Panmurb presented the report of tho commission appointed to inquire into the sale and purchase of commissions in the army , and observed that originally ten members were appointed upon the commission , but the report was signed only by six members , including tho Duke of Somerset , who was the chairman . Ono of the six ( Sir Do Lacy Evans ) had , however , entered a protest at tho end of the report , and intimated his intention to send in a separate document containing his own opinions . Four other of tho commissioners had refused to sign the report , differing from the opinions it contained . Mr . Ellis , ono of tho commissioners , lind intimated to him that it was his intention to send in a ho be
report in his own name , and in tho names also , - lieved , of Generals Bentinck and Wyndham : this document would reach him during tho recess . Another oi tho commissioners , General "Wothorall , was called upon to enter on active service in China , whoro ho now Is , but ho ( Lord Panmuro ) would have an opportunity ot communicating with that oillcer probably before Pamainont mot , and ho would bo able to annoimco his opinion with regard to thia vory important subject . Ho thouglit it was necessary to make those remarks upon the rcjort , beoauso it was quite cloar that , as tho roport wns only signed by ono-half of tho commission , it should not go forth to tho country as unanimously ngrocd to by tuo whole of tho commissioners .
STATE OF THE LIFFKY . Lord Panmuris , in nnswor to Lord St . Lkonak » s , said ho could not give any promise with rospect to tuo polluted stato of tho river Liffoy , though lie docjilv J'Ogrottod that its conditions woro injurious to tho honuuoi tho citizens of Dublin . Tho sitting was thon suspondod till five o ' clock . DIVORCE AND MATRIMONIAL CAUSES IJILL . Tho Lord Chanokllok announced that tho tom-
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MPEEIAL PARLIAMENT . . ¦ ' ?—
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818 THE LEADEB-. [ No . 388 , Atopst 29 , 1857 .
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 29, 1857, page 818, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2207/page/2/
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