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economy , was only twelve years of age 5 about the age of John Mill when he first gave a work on the subject of conic sections or some other abstruse question . Individuals may be trained to the pursuit of knowledge under odificoltics and £ he attainment of much informations but we daerffctt whether education in this sense'will ever be so mfiversallj diffused as to afford fibs proper check for the excesses of iguojamce audsqgr&rstition . JBeFore that day arrives , -we " must contrive some system for allowing those who are by nature so disposed , to become learned in bookisli knowledge , with : the means of diffusing their information to those who are inclined for more active . life-and less . studious
pursuits . Manchester is hot trying to educate everybody ; and Mormonism is showing how hopeless has been the progress hitherto . The best instructors of the people would be some such iody as the clergy , if we mistake not , in . deed , C aklyie has said somewhere , or nowhere but in conversation , that literary men hare gradually assumed the place of social teachers , once monopolized by the hierarchies . But the literary man , dflroreed from his book , cannot act as the personal teacher , like the religious leader neither can lie carry bis teaching to those wlio are disinclined for bookisl exercises as the priest can . No ! If ever a priesthood shall become socially honest , un-. dogmatiCj modestly receiving such lights as
Teach it , and candidly and simply imparting what it knows ., it would inevitably become the true medium for diffusing moral and practical knowledge among the people . But then the preachers would not act like the Reverend Mr . Hanna in Belfast , who , in the exercise of his right to preach in public , has drawn upon him , during the iSabbath-day , the hostility of an enraged Roman Catholic multitude . The justices of the peace advised him to desist ; the example of his own colleagues taught him the same lesson , but Jbe persevered . The sermon went on amidst tumult , the military were called out , and the Christianity of Mr . Haiwa came to the people of Belfast most literal ! v as a sword .
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866 , THE LEADH R . ^^ Jj ^ ajg ^ JEPTEMBER 12 , 1857 .
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THE INDIA . N EEVOLT . An interesting document has "been published in a suppletnorttto the Fort St . George Gazette of the 17 th of Jul ^ . Hfc is an addre * to the Right Haanourable Lottt Murris , Governor < riF Fort . St . George ) , signed by several Smndred of tflie-Hindoo andTMabmaaecian iah ^ atantsaff Madras ; rand it iruns thus : — "SRy Lorfl , —We , theffiindooand Mahomectattanhabitartte of TBEaSras , bqg So adf tress your JdnSsnip in Council fltft the preseitt critiwfl juncture oF ^ affairs in Bengal and the North West , where the Bengal armyhas added to the guilt of mutiny and rebellion the unprovoked and indiscriminate murder df many of their officers , and , "Still "worse , of a -great -number of defenceless European women -and children ; me want ^ words
-strong . enough to convey , the feelings which are inspired by the frightful atrocities that liave been ¦ committed . Their crimes admit of no palliation , misguided though they may have beea through the secret misrepresentations of evil-minded men ; but we have the Tullest confidence that the alarm occasioned among the Bengal soldiery by the introduction of the new cartridges originated solely in a delusion so far as the intentions of Government are concerned , and that neither an infringement of the laws of caste , nor an outrage to religious feelings , had ever for one moment been contemplated ; and we earnestly trust that the might of the British Government will be put forth , until all who either actively took part in or abetted the unheard-of barbarities of the revolted troops have been subjected to the condign punishment of the State .
" While Tve thus assure your Lordship in Council of our loyalty towards , and deep sympathy with , the British Government , and with the relatives and friends of all who liave fallen victims to those bloodthirsty and misguided men , we would crave leave to congratulate your Lordship on the unshaken fidelity of the army of Madras and the perfect tranquillity that reigns throughout this Presidency . We rejoice to think , also , that the same state of affairs exists in the neighbouring Presidency of Bombay . " In conclusion , we beg to express our entire conviction that the overthrow of the British power in India would be the greatest calamity that could fall upon the natives , and while we Tegard -with pride the loyal
services of the various native princes and chiefs in alliance with the British Government , and the alacrity with which they have assisted to crush rebellion , we beg to . assure your Lordship in Council that you may unhesitatingly rely on the allegiance of the natives of this Presidency , and we shall make it our special business to spread the knowledge of this declaration of our sentiments as widely as possible , and to discourage to the best of our ability all the groundless and mischievous rumours which from time to time gain currency , either through the fears of timid and ignorant individuals or the malicious designs of wicked men , who make it their object to go about and to seek means to propagate discontent and strife .
We beg leave to subscribe ourselves , my Lord , " Your Lordship ' s most obedient humble servants . " Madras , July 2 , 1857 . " " We continue our extracts from the letters of officers and others in India . A gentleman writing from Jubbulpore , June 19 th , gives an account of the precautions he and his party were about to take : — " Wo have sent some things and a tent out on the road to Seonee , so that we may not be quite destitute if we contrive to escape . On Sunday , we heard of the march of a force from Kamptee to Seonee . This had to be told at once to the Sepoys here , for they had said they would murder us all if any Europeans were sent here , The men were told they might send some of their number
to see that the force had no intention of moving beyond Seonee . Good Heavens , that it should havo conic to sucli a playing at soldiers ( is this ! But what can we do but temporize ? We are entirely at the mercy of a powerful body of armed men . No place of refuge or rendezvous to fly to ha case of revolt ; each must bcgIc safety as best ho may . The only arrangement wo can come to is that all havo agreed to take the same road . Somo ladies never take off their olothes at night , and all are prepared for immediate flight . iOur carriage is drawn up at the door every night , und tho horses kept harnessed ; but for all that to bed
wo go as in tho most peaceful times , and sleep soundly . It is no blind confidence that enable vis to do eo . I think it ia quite bad enough to bo killed without fretting oneself to death beforehand . I keep ten or twelve of our servants sleeping near the carriage , and mako one of them act as sentry while tho others sleep in peace . I get up occasionally to soo that my Bcntry is on the alert . This is tho more necessary now na Dr . W . ' s house lind a narrow escape of bcin ^ set on fire four nights ugo b y some villains from tho bazaar . Wo havo now a chuiu of chowkodars all round tho cantonment . "
Another letter from the same city says , under date . July 2 nd : — J "A short time ago , a detachment of fivo hundred fc » epoV 8 and two gnna mnrchod to quell a disturbance ) in ine Uiuiulcry district , on tho wny to Snllutpora . They attacked and captured a sinull fort , taking aixtoon prisoners . Tho bad men of the detachment insisted on
fthe prisoners being released , and released they were Or * this nevre-neaching Sangor , the Brigadier determined oa wnmpying . tbe Tort . He ordered general parade and f A ^ - ^ ' V the guards-were well scat tered * o their-posts , the guns were moved off to the fort covered fey She irregular cavalry-tho cavalry pi JZ all thcir . twaluables , more than 10 , 000 rupees , in the for f » nder gawd of the European artillerymen . The infant ™ by this nm seemed cowed , and were regularly cheek -mated . The IBrigadier assembled the native officers anfl tfriHfhem -flint -after what had taken place he had ™ further confluence in the infantry , and could not hawany unless the bad men were given up . After a deal of talk , this was agreed to , and our news this morninff is that one hundred of the best men of the two regiments with two native officers have marched to trv < inrl
flumhrthe-good men of the field detachment to join them m seizing the bad ones . _ It remains to be seen whether the good men will obtain the ascendancv . I fear thething will resolve itself into a regular rise at Sangor- if it does , we shall be in a bad way here . You may fancv our anxiety to know how the affair will terminate . Yesterday , accounts came from Nagode that sixtyprisoners Lad broke gaol in the middle of the day ; theyat once rushed towards the officers ' bungalows , intending to fire them ; but the Sepoys and police turned out anil shot down fourteen of them , capturing the rest , except eight who contrived to escape . Of these only one is ef any consequence . Well done the 50 th ! It is said to S > e one of the finest regiments in Bengal ; but , even though they have now acted thus , to-morrow thev may be in mutiny . " "
In a third letter from Jubbulpore , dated July the 20 th , we read : — " We muster about fifty at dinner , ten of whom are ladies , and we have fifteen children in . the house . Our numbers are nearly one hundred , including the uacovenanted . We have included some spacious outhcuses in our intrenchments , which gives them accomodation . We are lucky in having a small room to ourselves . In one room three ladies and a child sleep in one bed . If you could look in upon us , you would not think we were a very lugubrious set , but rather that we were met on some festive occasion . At this moment , I hear the piano and singing . We are a queer lot , we Britons ; day after day , we hoar of atrocities too horrid to write about , and
of the murder of friends and relatives , and never seem to think of our own state . Laughing , talking , eating , drinking , music , singing—all seems to go on much as usual . The Subadar Major , of the 42 nd , left with toe companies at Dumoh , wrote in to say that he liad icmoved the treasure into the fort and that he would protect it for Government . A few days after , some villains belonging- to the ; Shaghur Rajah came down , but a Havildar went into the village after them and killed eleven , driving the rest off . Things at Sangor after the move into the fort went on quietly for a few days . At last , the 31 st and irregular cavalry quarrelled , and the 42 nd who had seized the morning gun joined the cavalry and lired round shot into the lines of tlie 31 st . The
31 st replied with musketry and the 42 nd touk it up . They fought at intervals for a day and a night , and at last the 31 st gallantly charged and captured the gun , driving the 42 nd out of tho cantonment . The officers of the 31 st wished to join their men ; but , as treachery was feared , they-were not allowed to do so . The 31 st immediately sent the gun into the fort and next dny pursued the 42 nd , but could not overtake them . When the news of this fight reached the detachment in the field , the whole of tho 42 nd men and some thirty of the 31 st quietly bolted , taking with them their arms . The 31 st returned to Sangor , bringing back the two guns and delivering them up . Three companies with their olliccrs were then allowed to go to Dumoh with Captain P , deputy commissioner , and this morning wo have news of the arrival of the detachment at Duinoh , and peaceable delivery of the treasure .
" Some of the mutineers of the 42 nd joined aomc of the Shaghur folks and looted a village ; they quarrelled about the plunder , and somo Shaghur people were killed . The Rnjah seized the men of the 42 nd , stripped thorn , and turned them adrift . The villagers did the restthey killed all thoy could lay their hands on . Hurrah !' Mr . Kay , recently a missionary at Cawnpore , thus relates , in a letter to the Itov . Ernest Hawkins , Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel , tho fato of tho missionaries ia the city sacked by Nona Sahib : — " Bishop ' s College , Calcutta , July 20 ,
" Dear Mr . Secretary , —It is once more my painful office to havo to inform tho Society of tho loss of two of their missionaries . Up to yesterday I continued to hope ( though it was the barest possibility ) that Messrs . Ilaj'coek und Cockoy might liave escaped or been miulo priHoners . General IIavclock , who has Tctaken ( Jawnpore , lias reported that none of those who cnnilulntudmen , women , or children—havo been spared . My last lottor from Mr . Haycock - \ vnt ) dated May 31 . Ho Imd then taken refngo in cantoinncntH . Ho mentioned to mo that his maulvio had told him nix months previously that they would ' rooh feel the sharpness of tlio MiiH .-iulmnn s sword . ' The native Christians had diHpcmd iu various directions proviouHly to tho last outbreak . " It now appears that Ensign Robert Browne did not escape from the entrenchments ut Cawnpore , but
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• Southern Africa . —From the 5 th to the 14 th of Jnne , 'there were tremendous gales on the coast of Southern Africa , during which ten large vessels , and a great number of smaller ships f were -wrecked . The Kaffir -tribes have been reduced to great distress by cattle stealing . The Cape Parliamentary session closed on the last day of June . A railway bill which had passed the Assembly gave immense satisfaction to the Western Provinces , but was very ill received by the Eastern : which desire -a separation from the others . The Parliament is prorogued to October , and ithe elections are to . take place during the present month . We read in the
Cape papers : —" The Free State and Trans-Vaal authorities brought their forces into the field about the imiddle of June . Boshof and Pretorius wor-o to have had a battle , but neither of the armies had sufficient pluck . Pretorius crossed the Vaal , and drew up his army in battle array . Boshof's army was also ready , but the wJMlte cflflg and the white feather were sho-vm early , and $ » e $ ifFerenpes were ' . arranged . ' Both champions returned to their own homes , and Boshof'b partisans celoibrated the bloodless victory with a dinner . The festivities W QKfikept up with . great spirit . —Sir George < 3 roy 4 ? # ! W » | t fo yifJUMo ftontior very , 6 hor , tjly . It . is . oxpectocl that he will to East
go London by H . M . S . Penelone . Hia Excellency ia supposed to havo in view somo cpmprdtunasive form , of Government lor tho Oape colony and KofflMiEia . In Ilia prorogation upeeah there is this -remarkable paragraph : —' You ; willimd that , 1 have . endeavoured , as High Commissioner , in all instances to taring fcho laws of British Kaffraria , into perfect harmony wjtU those of Gape Oolony , ia border that diversity of laws and customs might hereafter prov . cnt no obstacle to tho incorporation of British KufTraria into ono province with cither tho whole or a portion of the Capo Colony if Hu-oh a union should hereafter bo thouglit desirable ai there is much roaaon to think may be tho caee . '" '
Tira Missionary in India . —A lccturo has been delivered by tho Rev . E . E . Jenkins , Wcslcyan minister on tho Religion and Customs of tho Hindoos . Mr Jenkins has realdod for olevon years in tho Madras Pro-Bidency , and ho denied that tho revolt had been caused by missionary eflbrta . On tho contrary , tho districts whoro tho misaionariea hart been most ivoro tho least diflturfced . Ho therefore warned tho Government against .-i-8 W | PwsBsing tho agents of Christianity 3 but ho con-¦^ WJH » ne ( l .. tho distribution of tho greased cartridges . Ho VwW- ^ cnaomned ' the iniquitous landhoUUng system . '
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 12, 1857, page 866, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2209/page/2/
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