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wait for a new opportunity . Arrests are made in all parts of France , with or without pretext ; and the persons arrested are , in some instances , dismissed after a certain period of detention , without receiving the least apology , or even explanation of the charge upon which they have beeb arrested . If such a state of things can lie in the present state of the law , what have the people of France to expect when the Loi des Expectants comes into operation ? But , in addition to that infemous law , they are threatened with the re-establishment of a Direction of General Security , which will put their personal security somewhat more at the disposition of their angry and terrified sovereign . In the
meantime trade is dull , and though mpney is plentiful in the hands of bankers and capitalists , there is a strong indisposition to invest it in commercial speculations . In one branch of trade , however , there is likely to be an important change for the better . An imperial decree , published in the Moniteur , announced that , on the 31 st of the present month , the trade in butcher ' s meat will be relieved of the restrictions under which it has been carried on since 1829 , and will be made absolutely free . Great benefits are expected to result from this measure , one of whicli will be that numbers of the poor in Paris who are now unable ever to purchase butcher ' s meat will then , be enabled to obtain it .
"While Obsifi from his prison writes to entreat that the French Emperor will cease to stand between Italy and liberty , a conference of delegates from all parts of that land has met in London for the purpose of promoting a movement in favour of constitutional government for their country . The movement , thus commenced , is understood to have the countenance of a large number of Italians of high standings noblemen , gentlemen , clergy of the apostolic Chnrch , &o . The objects of the Conference are , " to obtain for the people of each separate state a constitutional form of government instead of the arbitrary one hitherto submitted to ,
and to induce the various potentates , by the strong pressure of a moral agitation , and by the influence of foreign allies , to enter into a confederation of political and social interests , for the joint benefit of both governors and governed ; to create , by mutual arrangement , a central power , where the representatives of the sovereign and those of thepeople , elected by vote from the National Representative Assembly of each , separate- State ( a constitution being beforehand freely given to each ) , should jointly meet to settle any differences that may arise between contending influences . " The form of
government intended is to Comprise a National Representative Chamber for each separate State , a House of Peers , the liberty of the press , with the necessary restrictions to guard against libel or other offences , and the freedom" public assemblies . The addresses of the various speakers at the meetings which have taken place throughout the week were all in harmony with the statement of the objeots of the ; conference just given , and from the reasonableness and extreme moderation of the views put forward by tho leaders of the movement , a warm sympathy will bo inspired in England , particularly at this moment , when the schemes of less moderate
men for tho liberation of Italy arc giving us no end of annoyance and vexation . The late despatches from India supply tho details necessarily wanting in the telegrams referring to tho events of the month between the 6 th of December and the 5 th of January ; theso details are from tho pen of the Commandor-in-Gbief himself , TJJB fcImor"in-spite"of ~ the ^ halt ^ ofr-eigliteen-dayS'at-Cawnporo after tho dispersal of tho Gwalior Contingent , on tho Oth of Docombor , has beon ono of aotivity in tho way of preparation for tho greater
( operations in Oude , towards which all tho arrangements made by him have pointed , and somo impor-, . t » o ^ results of which we shall possibly loam by the ^ / il '^ M ^^^ -wiU 'lbie due on the 89 th of tho presont , T V ¦••• ' . ^ Bil ^ i . .. j ^ CJoawrtow mad © Frcttehghur tho place i . ' ^ . ^'^ ' ^ ' ^ v ¦ * . '' : pi" * . ''' : ' ' " ¦ ' ! ' • " , ¦ ilifif ^ ¦ EWE
of assemblage for his forces , and the whole of his dispositions appear to be such as to inspire the highest confidence in the result of his attack upon reoel-swarming Lucknow . At home * She events of the week have not been without strong interest . One is the murder of au ' unfortunate' woman by an Italian , whose sote inducement appears to have been to possess himself of the poor creature ' s jewellery , wherewith he attempted to make his escape to Montevideo , but was captured on board the vessel in which he had taken his passage . It has been remarked as a curious and , in one sense , satisfactory fact , that nearly all the late cases of murder that have . been brought before the Marlborough-street police-court have ' been committed by foreigners .
On Saturday last the great trial of the directors and general manager of the Royal British Bank was brought to a conclusion that will create disappointment ; of the seven persons placed at tbe bar , six have been sentenced to various terms of imprisonment , from twelve months to three months , and one lias been ordered to pay a nominal fine and be discharged . But there is no room for reasonable disappointment in the matter ; none of the Royal British . Bank Directors did anything more than is notoriously done every day in business—they clung to the hope of propping up a ruinous concern , and they took their props wherever they could lay their hands on them . They failed—a little too late in the day , or they would have escaped . the more disagreeable consequences of that sort of catastrophe as many a ' good man' in the City of London had done before them .
At . the conclusion of the case of Mr . Isaac Butt , M . P . for Youghal , with his acquittal , there will be neither disappointment nor regret ; while the inquiry will be serviceable in marking the Limits to which professional gentlemen who are Members of Parliament may safely go in their dealings with clients whose affairs are of a nature to conneet them with the business of the House of Commons . As to ' coming events , ' it is not generally safe to speak -with any great confidence ; but there is one event , at least , approaching about which there can be no reasonable doubt—that is , the almost total eclipse of the sun on the 15 th instant , at one o ' clock in the afternoon . A long and admirable letter from Mr . Hind , in the Times of Wednesday , March the 3 rd , acquaints us with the whole of the phenomena of the coming spectacle , specially remarkable on many accounts ; and not the least so that it will be the last total eclipse of the sun that will be visible in England during the present century .
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NAVAL AND MILITARY . Vice-Admiral tub Hon . George A . Cbofton , on tho reserve ! list , died laBt week , by which event a pension of 150 / . per annum haa reverted to the patronage of the Admiralty . The Admiral entered the navy in 1798 . He -was a midshipman in the Medusa ; was present at the attack on the French flotilla in Boulogne Roads , under Nelson , and distinguished himself on many subsequent occasions . Ships Struck bv Lightning . —Her Majesty ' s frigate Shannon , 60 , commanded by Captain Sir William Peel , was recently caught , about ninety miles from the coast of Java , in a most appalling thunderstorm . For a long time , the lightning appeared to envelop the ship in streams of fire ; hail and rain fell in floods ; and the vessel -was driven before the storm through remarkably high Boas , which threatened to poop her . The masts were violently struck three times by the lightning , which took the form of immense balls of firo . Owing , howovcr , to the presence of Sir Snowe Harris ' s lightning conductors , no harm waa done either to the vessel itself or to any of the crow , though , in a similar etorra off Minorca , in March , 1796 ( when lightning conductors were not in use ) , tho frigate Loweafcofib was greatly crippled , while two men were killed , and several others burnt and paralyzed . Gams on the North-East Coast . —A very heavy gale from the east blew along the coast on Monday night , and the shipping was tried severely . Hiau Mass av Woolwich . —A grand high mass and procession of tho Host took pluco on Tuesday morning at Woolwich . Tho ceremonial , -which waa observed with great splendour , vraa in supplication of peace , and for ^ tif ~ ab 8 ent-relationa- 'in-the- 'Ea 8 fc ,---ai ) Qe-Bev . Tr < l .-Horan , Irish military chaplain at Woolwich , was the officiating priest , and Dr . Grant , Roman Catholic Bishop , together with other notabilities , ( isolated . Lmjwoii of a Russian Steamer . — A now screw steamer , tho Emperor Alexander , was successfully launched on Tuesday from tho ship-building yard of Mr , John Laird , of Blrlcoohoud . She is an Iron stoamor of UOO tons , -with engines of 050 horso power , capable of working up to 1200 . She is to von between Odessa and Alexandria .
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* See Leader , Nos . 40-1 , 405 , 406 , 407 , 408 , 4 Ul » , 4 W 411 , dl 2 , 410 , 414 .
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218 THE IiBADEB . [ No . 415 , March 6 , 1858 .
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jja&JgCIAI * LETTERS FROM INDIA . * ' X&toma Military Correspondent . ' ) Nagpore , January 19 , 1858 . A mA&VEE&OErs and unprecedented social problem has presented itself in India for our solution , and for the instruction of the world . We see a docile and intelligent people in a very backward state of civilization , forced on the road of material and moral progress by the foremost nation of Europe—¦ the hard-earned fruits of the innumerable travailings . and martyrdoms of the educator brought freely to the pupil ' s home in maturity ^ and perfection : the printing-press , the steam-engine , railways , gaslighting and the electric telegraph , equality before the law , freedom of exchange , liberty of speech and publication ; we have brought them to India , let us
not refuse her the means of comprehending , appreciating , and enjoying these blessings . Let us not begrudge the gift ; let us not misunderstand or slight the true community of interests between the giver and receiver . Let us be well assured that our interests and those of the dependent nation are inseparable ; that if we rob them of the wealth , power , or influence to whicli they have a just claim , we shall sooner or later rob ourselves of all power and influence whatever ; that if we do not trust them , we may expect them every day to become less trustworthy ; we may degrade them , we may break their spirit , and destroy their self-reliance , but we shall end by making them our bitter , intolerant , and brutal enemies , and not our humble friends .
Is it not quite clear that the interest of the British nation in the annual provision made for some hundreds of young gentlemen , and the fortunes and pensions acquired by some scores of retired servants of the Company , is of very circumscribed importance , and of infinitesimal value , when compared with its interest in the development of the resources of a vast empire , and of the tastes and desires of an immense and intelligent population ? India must no longer be regarded as a field for patronage , but as a field for spreading our commerce , laws , science , and all that we have of good to give ; as an inexhaustible field of proand from whose and
ducing purchasing power , gifts wants" our industry by land arid sea may for ages reap a liberal and ever-increasing harvest . India at present takes about nine million pounds ' worth of exports from England , of which about six millions are coarse cotton goods . The causes of this small consumption ( about a shilling a head for the population to which we have access by the ports of India > are manifold . The roads and other communications with the interior are bad and fewdepressing both production and consumption . The great mass of the people undoubtedly arc very poor , but there are other and more fundamental reasons . Although , the English have politically changed the face of the country during the last century , they
have had so little social intercourse with any class of the people that very little effect has been produced on their customs or habits of life , and , except at the three Presidency towns , in their principles of trade or economy . IJntil tlie year 1857 the . British Government might boast of having for nearly forty years preserved the entire peninsula of India in peace and security ; and yet confidence in our inviolable re spect for property , and insight into our comm crcial operations and combinations have been so scantily extended , that beyond the Presidency limits very few natives ever avail themselves of investments cither in tho Government funds or in
joint-stock companies j very few , indeed , comprehend tho nature of such investments . An iinmenso amount of capital is buried and hoarded , nnd an inoalculablo quantity of gold and silver converted into jewels—partly as conveniently disposable imd portable property , and partly as almost the solo criterion of tho dignity and respectability of n family , and as almost tho sole aesthetic tnstc whicli tho natives seem to recognize and ' cherish . DouMloss , tho high rate of interest results in a great constniit
measure from tho hoarding of money and demand for jewels . And tlio standard of household comfort is very low , cvoa among the middle and higher classes . . . ^ ini ^ tWay'imp ^ blblrto ^ cstiTnato-tho-bonoacJul effect in stimulating industrial activity and in ( lc " vcloping tho national wealth that would be produced by extended eduction , arising from tin ; proclaimed and accomplished eligibility and admission of educated and weU-qualifiod natives to honourable and important officos , and from their more intnniuo
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 6, 1858, page 218, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2233/page/2/
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