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Sir Henry Bulwer left Vienna on the 25 th ult . for Constantinople , af ter a brief sojourn in the Austrian capital , during which he had an audience of the Emperor and several interviews with the Minister for Foreign
Affairs . On his Tray to Constantinople , he intends to visit Servia and Bulgaria , in order to acquaint himself personally with the state of those provinces . Austria and Prussia have agreed to desire the German Diet to send troops of execution into Holstein and Lauenburg ; but they will abstain from meddling with Schleswjg or any other integral part of Denmark . Prince Charles von Schwarzenbcrg , the Civil and Military Governor of Transylvania , died on the afternoon of the 25 th ult . The young Prince , -who was in the same house , was too ill to be carried into the room to take leave of his dying father .
ITALY . The Sardinian Chambers have voted a sum of 1 , 600 , 0007 . in the shape of a loan . The CagHari arrived at Genoa on the 22 nd ult . She had started from Salerno , accompanied by . the English vessel Centaur on the 18 tli , on which occasion , there was a larjje and very enthusiastic crowd to see her off . The Government was alarmed at this demonstration , and kept a good many men under arms . A committee has been formed in Sardinia , to inquire into the condition of the crew , and to take measures for relieving their wants . It is said that Sardinia intends to persist in demanding an indemnity for the seizure of the ship and its crew .
Count Cavourhas presented in the Sardinian Chamber of Kepre-sentatives a project of . law proposing that , from 1859 forward , a sum of 50 , 000 francs shall be allowed in the budget of the Minister of the Interior , to be employed for the benefit of the Italian stage , and for the encouragement of dramatic authors of approved merit . The subvention has been withdrawn since 1852 . A . serious mutiny has taken place among the galley slaves at Genoa . Fifty of them rose upon their keepers , one of whom > was killed ,. and the rest escaped with difficulty . The mutineers were then ordered to yield , which they refused to do , and two volleys "were then fired into them , killing three on the spot . Two more have since died , and it is thought that others will not survive .
A wealthy Venetian , a native of Udine , is just dead , and has left tlie large sum of 600 , 000 fr . ( 24 , 000 ? . ) in trust to Count Cavour , to be by him applied to public instruction in Piedmont . The Tribunal of Appeal at Naples has declared the Cagliari a good and lawful prize . But the bird by tliafc time had flown .
SWITZERLAND . The Swiss journals contain an analysis of the report of the commission of the Council of State on the management of Federal matters during 1857 . This report is in general favourable to the management , but it contains several suggestions , and it protests strongly against the manner in which Swiss emigrants have been treated in the Brazils , and recommends that emigration to that country be prohibited until the claim of the emigrants shall have been satisfied . Moreover , it proposes that emigration agents , if not fully authorized , shall bo prosecuted as swindlers .
MONTENEGRO . " The solution of the Montenegrin affair , " says the TTimea Constantinople correspondent , " has advanced one step . All the Powers have agreed to the last proposalnamely , that an English , French , and Turkish officer of Engineers should go and make a detailed survey of the disputed district , and on this basis the representatives of the Powers should come to an agreement with the Porte . "
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STATE OF TRADE . Dulness still prevails at Birmingham ; and at Bradford the advance in the prices of wool tends to check business transactions . The worsted and cirpet trades of Halifax continue steady , and business at Hiukl . iafieUl remained through tho wholo of tho week ending last Saturday in much the same condition as previously reported . I > uring the same week , the condition of tho woollen trade ' of Leeds rather improved ; but tho hosiery trade of Leicester is still depressed . A more cheerful feeling prevails at Manchester and among the luce-workers of Nottingham . At Sheffield there U no material change to report . The dedaion of the ironmasters at the preliminary meeting at Wolverhampton , on Thursday week , was that no alteration should be declared in tho prices of
iron . Business Is more active in Dublin ; but there is still room for great improvement . A sequoBtration ( says tho Scotsman ) was taken out on Saturday in the affairs of tho firm of C . D . Young and Co ., Edinburgh , very extensively engaged in tUo trade of wire--working and iron-founding , and ulso known in connexion with speculations in newspapers , Tho difficulties of the house have for some timo been pretty notorious , and it was considered almost certain that u crisis would bo brought on by recent evont * in connexion with the Edinburgh and Glasgow Bank . A meeting of tho creditors was hold about a fortnight since , and adjourned for a week without coming to any Arrangement—tho oflfor being , wo believe , 4 s . in the pound and at tho end of last week the attempt was abandoned Tho largest creditor is tho Edinburgh und Glasgow
United Kingdom during periods ending June 30 th , compared with the corresponding periods last year , was published on Wednesday night . A decrease " appears both on the year and the quarter—on the year , of more than five millions sterling , and on the quarter , of more than a million ! During the year , the . property-tax decrease is set down at 5 , 833 , 561 / ., . which leaves somewhat of an increase in the ordinary channels of revenue . The revenue under the head of " Customs" decreased 270 , 000 / . in the quarter , and 767 , 000 / . in the year . The total revenue of the year ending June 30 th , 14 S 58 , was 66 , 879 , 7167 . ; of the previous vear , 75 , 067 , 821 / .
Bank , to > which the farm is indebted to the enormous amount of 108 , 000 ? . The firm gave employment to probably not far short of a thousand persons . An abstract of the gross produce of the revenue of the
" A second report of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue to the Lords of the Treasury , " says the ' J'imes , " contains some interesting information on this Excise duties and the direct tax « # . The gross receipts for Excise duties in the year 1857-58 amounted to 18 , 495 , 88 */ ., against 19 , 758 , 460 / . in 1856-57 . Of this income , 9 , 280 , 1 ) G 37 . accrued from spirits , ' 5 , 4 . 92 , 0 . 061 from the tax on malt , 489 , OOSL from the duty on hops ( of which so little is said to be used by those who brew for our ' thirsty souls' ) , 1 , 244 , 723 / . from paper , 80 , 153 / . from hackney carriages and cabs , 118 , oS 8 / . from stage carriages , 348 , 611 / . from railways , 4 , 425 , 112 / . from licenses , 11 , 5001 . from game ceitificates in . Ireland , and 5224 / . frotn race-horses . A large increase in the spirit . duty is reported to be'entirely the result of augmented consumption , and this in spite of the speeches
of te-. n perance orators and the Maine Liquor Law agitation . The export of British spirits to France has seriously declined since the hist report , ' the reason why ' being the alteration made in the French laws last August , sanctioning the use of grain in distilleries , and imposing a duty on imported spirits . In the year ending the 31 st of last March , 3 , 524 , 805 gallons of spirits were - -exported , against 5 , 717 , 529 gallons the year before ; the exports to France were respectively 1 , 582 , 148 gallons ( . 1857-1858 ) , -and ' 3 , 730 , 16 . 1 gallons ' ( . 1856-7 ) . Illicit distillation is decreasing in Scotland and Ireland . 475 , 146 barrels of beer-were exported , against 423 , 180 in trie previous year . The stamp duties yielded 7 , 684 , 331 / ., and the probate and legacy duties 3 , 135 , 3357 . The land and assessed taxes yielded 3 , 105 , 716 / ., and the gross receipt of the income-tax in 1857-8 -was 11 , 767 , 306 / ., against 16 , 384 , 494 / . in 1856-7 . "
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THE . THAMES . The committee on the stito of the Thames met on Monday . Mr . Walker , engineer to the Thames Navigation Committee , was the first witness examined , and said , in answer to Mr . Tite : —• " I tliink Mr . Goldswortliy Gwrney's plan would be a complete failure . It would lead to deposits of impure water in docks . Mr . Gurney proposes to discharge all the sewage at low water , which I do not think would be a desirable plan in the present state of the river . It would- be'desirable to . discharge
all the sewage at high . water . My opinion is that if my plan was adopted it would get rid of a good deal of tlie present evil , but . it would not render an intercepting sewer unnecessary . If these . two channels were formed , the 3 would improve the stream of the river ; -but I . dn not think they would be useful , or that they would stand . If tliey could be made to 3 « und , they would materially interfere with the navigation of the river . " Dr . Lewis Thompson , examined by the Chairman : " I hare examined the state of tho river Thames . I consider
the cause of the present stench of the river arises from the mud , anil , when that is exposed to a temperature of from 65 to 75 , fermentation sets in . As soon <» s the water begins to flow , the mud is disturbed , and the noxious gases are liberated . " Lord Pnhnerston : " Supposing the contents of all tho sewers of London were discharged into the river at mid-channel , so that tho water there should approximate to the condition of the water in tlie sewers , would not that water omit injurious and offensive gases ? " Dr . Thompson : " Most undoubtedly . " In answer to other questions , Dr . Thompson said : —" I have noticed a black cloud on going up and down the river , and I consider that that is produced by the state of tho river . 1 have found animal matter among the mud . If tho sewuge were conveyed to the sea it would not mix with tho water , in consequence of tho specific gravity of tho salt water , and would bo brought back . I attribute tho increased evil which wo
now experience to the increase of mud . I attribute the stench of the mud to a change in tho eluiraetor of it rather thnn to any inureaso in its bulk . " fiii * John Shelley : " If , as you assert , the wholo of tho ho wage of London always comes buck again , iincl as London is always pouring ila ttewngo into the river , huw is it that there is anything but sowago water in the river » t all ?" Dr . Thompson : " There can bo no doubt thut boiuo portions of tho soluble matter would go into tho neuaixl mix with it , but the insoluble parts of the 8 uw « n « would always come back . I consider that Mr . Giunoy ' ti plan for burning tho foul gases was a good one . " After some further evidence , tUo committee adjourned .
Tho committee again mot on Weuiiwaduy , when Mr Goldswortliy Gurney , Mr . Bidder , the celebrated en
gineer , and Mr . Jain . es Lawe 3 , gave evidence with respect to various scientific details connected with the bed of the river , the scour , the deposits a t the sides dredging , &c . All agreed that a Urge part of the evil results from the feculent mud lying at low water on the banks ; but they differed with regard to the proposed remedies . A meeting of the Metropolitan Board of Works was held on Tuesday , to consider the state of the Thames and a resolution was adopted to give the Chairmau full power to undertake measures for clcodorizatioii as a temporary expedient ; but the expense incurred is to ' be reported from time to time . Several resolutions were proposed , iiflinuing that tlie plan of Messrs . Bidder Hawksley , and Bazalgette should oe adopted , with certain alterations relative to embankments and
deodoricstion . To these resolutions various amendments vtqi-q moved , but were defeated , and the resolutions wore finally carried by 23 to 8 . —The follow injure the precise terms of the scheme resolved on : — " 1 . To cany out the general plan submitted to Sir Benjamin Hall , in December , " 185 . 6 , for a system of intercepting- sewers ' for the wholo metropolis , carrying the whole sewage clown to a spot near Erith , and discharging it there . ° 2 . The point of outfall , however , to be regarded as still an open question ; the Board being prepared to carry the sewage further clown the river if the Government be willing to provide the extra expense . 3 . The question of an " embankment of the Thames between Westminster and London Bridges to be left with the Government , the Board being willing to undertake the work , if the Government will provide a part of the cost . -4 . The
experiment ot deodorising the sewage to be tried hi a portion of the Western district . 5 . The Board looks to the Government to assist it , by a guarantee or hi some other way , to rai . se the necessary funds . " This scheme is to be submitted to Lord John Manners by a deputation .
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MASTERMAN TESTIMONIAL ,. This committee formed on the retirement of Mr . John Masterman from the repi-esentation of the City of London , to present a testimonial to that gentleman , mst for that purpose on Wednesday" at the London Tavern ; Mr . Thomas Baring , M . P ., presided . On his Tight sat Mr . Mastenhan ; . and among the gentlemen present were Messrs . Crawford , M . P ., J . Gurney Hoare , " Lewis Lloyd , jun ., R . N . Fowler , Jolm Davis , J . Gurnej' Fry , Charles Reynolds , Charles Mills , Matthew Clark , John Harvey As tell , John Bonus , Bonamy Dobree , Deputy-Governor of the Bank of England , and Samuel Brown . "
The Chairman , in presenting the testimonial to Mr . Mastennan , hoped that he would accept it as an evidence of the universal respect in which he was held in the City of London . The chairman went on to say that , when the testimonial was in contemplation and the amount was being raised , Mr . M-astermaii , disliking ostentation , expressed a wish that there should bo no other testimonial to him than an expression of satisfaction ; but the electors of the City of London entertained a very general feeling that it was due to themselves there should be
some gift to show that they were not unmindful of the services which had been done to them , and that general feeling had been carried into etfect by the testimonial . Tlie chairman then paid a tribute of admiration to Mr . Mastering" for his qualities as u member of Parliament , and hoped that , in accepting and retaining ; the testimonial , he would have it constantly before him , sind regard it as a mark of the gratitude of his constituents for his past services , and of their wishes for his hesiltli , prosperity , and long life .
Mr . Mastermnn returned thanks in appropriate terms , and the meeting then separated . The testimonial is from the eminent firm of Jlessrs . Storr and Mortimer , and is a splendid six-light candelabrum of burnished and frosted silver , with a triangular b . iso from a design by Mr . Thomas Brown . There are three figures—Science , Commerce , and Industrywhich arc , of course , female . Science has * one " foot on the globe , holds a tablet with compasses , and lias a flame on licr head , as an indication of genius ; Commerce has her right hand leaning on a cornucopia , and bales of good * Jiro on the ground by her left side ; Industry lias a distaff in her left hand , her right rests on a capstan , and by her side is is a beehive . Tho
following inscription is on the base : —Presented to John Mastennan , Ksq ., on the occasion of his retiring from the representation of tho City of London in tliu Commons House of Parliament , as a testimonial of tlio sense entertained by his fellow-citizens of the faithful and efficient manner in which , for a period of fifteen years , he discharged tho important duties of that trust , aa well as of the invariable attention which ho paid to the Interests of all clusses of his constituents ' , without reference to or consideration of part )' . " It is stutcd that the subscription for the testimonial amounted to about 1400 / ., and that tho remainder is to go to tho establishment of a scholarship in the City of London School , to bo called tho Mnstormau Scholarship , "
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ACCIDENTS AND SUI > I ) HN DKAT 11 S . A had accident occurred on board tho stoum frigate Penelope at Spitliaad , on firing tho Hulutc on Monday in honour of her Mujcsty ' s Coronation-cluy . Tho H-incli
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633 . THE LEAPE g ^^ [ No . 432 , July 3 , 1858 .
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Leader (1850-1860), July 3, 1858, page 632, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2249/page/8/
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