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onboard , and announced the arrival of Naamifc Pasha , who employed the same arguments and expostulations as his secretary had done ; but Captain Pullen required the hnmediate ' punishment of the assassins , failing which he would obey his orders , even though the whole of the city should be destro 3 'cd ; the responsibility he declared would rest with the l ' asha . He , however , granted a respite to the 5 th of August , to allow of the departure of the pilgrims arriving at Jeddab , on their return from Mecca . On the 2 nd of August arrived the Gabarri , with Ismail Pasha and about 450 Egyptian troops ,
whose arrival at once put an end to all further suspense or difficulty . Shortly afterwards a letter came from Naamik Pasha , stating that he had received a finnan conferring upon him the necessary power .- * , that he was consequently prepared to satisfy to their fullest extent the demands made upoa him , and that it only remained for Captaiu Pullen . to point out the spot upon which the execution of the criminals should take place . Sixteen men h ;\ i been condemned by the Turkish courts , but one had died in prison , and against four of the others the evidence was declared insufficient . The remaining eleven were to suffer death .
The spot selected was in full view of the town . On the 5 th , a force , composed of the Marines of the Cyclops and of part of the crew , all fully armed and with fixed bayonet ? , were landed and drawn up upon the ground ; the prisoners , soon after arrived , escorted by a strong body of-Turkish . and Egyptian troops . Decapitation was the mode of death that had been decided upon ; the scene was sickening . The executioners were inexpert or their weapons blunt . Most of the men met their fate with the utmost fortitude . Each , of them was asked his name , and all distinctly confessed their guilt , some , indeed , maintaining an air of defiant exultation to the very , list . ' . of Indian vesselwitnessed all
A . considerable number s that occurred , and will carry home the news among their countrymen , to wh'ini it will -afford fresh proof ! how delusive was the notion that the " raj " of England was passing away from among them , and how utterly hopeless it must be to defy or insult her power even on the shores of a distant and comparatively unprotected son , and far more so , therefore , on her orwn territory . An opinion , however , prevails that the men executed were onlv subordinate actors , and that the real originators of the crime have be » -n concealed . by the Turkish authorities . No p .-rson of any rank or consequence was among those who suffered death .
The Egyptian steamer Gabarri arrived at Suez on the 18 th in . st . She reports everything quiet at Jeddah , whence she sailed on the 10 th inst . Ismail Pasha was preparing to leave the place , on his w . iy back to Constantinople .
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THE MORMONS . A Lore , and highly interesting letter has appeared in the Times from a correspondent who was present with the United States expedition against Utah . He expresses hia doubt that the peace patched up between the U . S . Government and the Mormons will be lasting , and thinks that a reaction will follow worse than the original disease . The niensur e * taken to oppose the invading army were contemptible . The works of defence erected thoroughly sustain everything we had been told in regard to the entire absence of anything like military knowledge or skill among the Mormons . With nearly a year to prepare for resistance , they had erected no singlo work which would have boon a spider ' s wob in the way of a light battery posted on the huights . A more complete or pitiablo abortion of defences oould not possibly have
been devised ; and yet the Mormon " colonels'' and " generals " assort that their sharpshooters would have picked oft' the army with their lilies so vapidly that they could have made no visiblo progress . The Mormon leaders , fearful of losing their prestige , circulated the story Mint the U . S . Government hns yielded to conditions of thoiv exacting . The real facts are , that the " Commissioner ! ) , Messrs . Powell and M'Culloch , upon obtaining on interview with Urigham Young , llobor C . Kimball , and General Wells , constituting the " First Presidency " of the Church of Lai tor-Day Saints , laid before thom the President ' s proclamation ofpardon , and stated that they had no other business than to inquire whether the people were ready to accept this act of graco , to receive tho Federal authorities , and to obey tho constitution and tho laws of tho Union .
After some temporising it was ngrood that the Federal officers should bo received , and Brigham Young accepted tho tendered pardon . Upon arriving at Salt Luke tho writer found tho —oit ^ almosfraBsorki : Undor ' orilors' from Brigliam tho entire population had vacated tholr homes , and marched to tiio southern settlements . There wna not n singlo woman lot-t In the town , oxoopt tho wife of Govornor Uummliig . All tho rest had boon compelled to loavo , tho leaders having declared tholr flxod purpose not to lot ono of thom remain horo to witnosa tho ontranoo of tho nrmy and bo " " corrupted and demoralised" by its oflloore . Auo nouses woro all closed , and windows and doors closed up with rough boards . Scarce a human being could bo aeon upon the streets , for in tho entire otty there woro only two or throe hundred men loft to guard the property and apply tho torch If ordore should , come to do ao .
The mass of the people had been tarrying at Provo , a town about fifty miles south . Thither the Times correspondent repaired , and had an interview with Brigham Young , whom he thus describes : — "I found him a well-presenced man of fifty-seven years of age , of medium height , of figure rather inclined to corpulency , with sandy complexion , and a vulgar sensual mouth . He was well , but plainly dressed , rather austere in manner , and evidently hilly conscious of the necessity of maintaining a sort of royal dignity , becoming a prophet . I should judge him to be shrewd , in worldly affairs , a good business manager , a judge of human nature , and capable of adapting it to his will .
The cast of his mind , however , is evidently low and vulgar . While shrewd and cunning , quick and ready in the application of what powers of mind he possesses , the prophet is by no means a wise man nor profound ; and in discussion with an ordinarily skilful opponent he fails utterly . Nevertheless , his power over the people is limitless . His nod is law , and the ignorant masses of his followers look upon him as almost a god . I had the pleasure of hearing him deliver a sermon on the Sfibbatb , in the course of which he quite satisfied me that I was not mistaken in my estimate of his mental calibre . His discourse was rambling and vulgar , although his manner was popular . and forcible . "
He next gives us a portrait of another Mormon leader :- — "IJtit Brigham is a model of elegance and refinement compare . ! with Heber C Kimbail , the next in tho priesthood . He is only a few days older than Brigham , is tall , full formed , with short sandy hair and whiskers , florid complexion , and small , cunning , snake-like black eyes . No one knows with certainty how many wives Ijrigham ha ? , but Heber pleads guilty to about forty . It is reputation as a husband and father is bad ; and many are the secretly-whispered tales of his jealous , cruelty to his wive .- ? , some of whom are younger than his first-born child . He is . certainly the most vulgar and blasphemous wretch it has been mv misfortune to meet . He assured
sinned deeply by apostacy and the revelation of secrets . It is held that to " spill their blood upon the ground" is an atonement for their sins . The leaders , of course , believe nothing of this , but the people generally are honestly deluded . They are generally ignorant , uneducated , and simple-minded . They are not hypocrites , but they are fanatics of the most dangerous class ; fanatics who would walk to shame and death without a murmur , if so ordered by their spiritual leaders , never dreaming- that destroying human life is murder , or the forcible seizure of property is robbery when done in the interest of the church . . .
The spirit of apostacy has long been rife among the people ? but the fear of the " destroying angels" has compelled many to feign acquiescence in the church when secretly watching for an avenue of escape . Many are already availing themselves of the protection of the United States army to make their escape , and hundreds are onlv waiting to dispose of their property in secret . If military posts should be established n ^ ar all the Mormon settlements , there can be little doubt that the community of Latter-day Saints will be rapidly reduced in number .
The writer concludes by stating his opinion that it is the intention of Brigham Young eventually to found a new Zion" f . ir from the control of the United States Government , an . I for this purpose he has already despatched agents to the Mosquito territory , to report upon a'territory which has bean offered to him for sale bv Colonel II . Kinnev .
me that he loved his fri ? nds and not his enemies . Being rebuked for this sentiment by a Gentile bystander , he declared that he followed the Scripture , nevertheless , and prayed for his enemies . This sentiment elicited commendation , when Heber continued , — ' Yes , I pray they may all go to h—11 ' and bz damned . ' This , let me assure you , is a fair sample of the style of language e : nploved by this second member of the priesthood in the pulpit ant ! out of it . Another illustration of his spirit , and I leave Brother Heber . He was asked if he ; would resent an insult by violence ; and he responded , ' The Scriptures tell us that if smitten upon one cheek we must turn the other also . Well , I'll do that ; but if a man smites me on the other cheek too , let him look out for a —of a lick bach / ' "
The population of tho valleys has been , it appears , greatly over-estimated , 35 , 000 * being the highest amount at which they can be reckoned , and of these only 5000 men capable of bearing arm ? , —the utter futility , therefore , of their resisting the United States Government must be apparent . As a class they are very poor . All we have been wont to hear of the fertility of this valley has been grossly exaggerated . There is scarce an acre in tho whole territory of Utah that can be cultivated without irrigation . The taxes arc enormous , and it is impossible to get on unless high up in the church .
The women appear to be , as a class , discontented and unhappy , painfully conscious that their natural nft ' ections must ever be stifled , and tho love they would share alone with a husband be divided with 'several feminine partners . They aro nil me . mly clad—many of them having scarcely sufficient to cover their nakedness . This arisos not merely from poverty , but from the fact that in consequence of tho merchants having been driven away from tho valley there have been no fabrics here to bo purchased fit for female apparel . The writer adds : — " The men aro excessively jealous , which makes it difficult to get opportunity to converse with tho women . I have been abloj however , to . steal brief interviews with a few of them , two being ' spiritual' wives of polygamous husbands . Slight as was tho opportunity to converse with them , they found time to express their secret abhorrence of tho whole system , and their earnest desire to bo rescued from its degradations . "
Tho mass of tho people aro described ns industrious , honest , and conscientious , paying their debts promptly , observing family worship morning and evening , living quietly and peaceably with each other ( with the exception of tho jealous differences in the doublo-wived households ) , and in all othur respects , under ordinary circumstances , living tho lives of good citizens and neighbours . To all outward pnnonnuico tho boat ordor , nifl . vfllhu-hul _ it is evident that it is tho good order of despotism , n priostly despotism , moro thorough and unquostionod than tho despotism of JUussiu , because it controls men through their roligious prejudices and superstitious fears . There ace among thom some of tho vilest hypocritos , who have availed thomsolvos of tho cloak of religion merely that they may have tho bottor opportunity to gratify their evil propensities of every sort . Those do tho secret work of robbery and assassination , of which wo have Indubitable evidence that much hns boon done by order of tho leaders . Tho dootrine is privately inculcated , that to despoil a Gentile of property and life is a virtue ; also that it ia Chriatlanllko to take too lives of those who have
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THE LIVINGSTONE EXPEDITION . ' The following-letter from Dr . Livingstone to' Mr . Aspinall Turner , M . P ., sippears in the Manchester Guardian •— " Screw-steamer Pearl , June 10 , 1858 . "My dear Sir . —I am happy to be able to inform you that we have had a prosperous voyage ever since we left Liverpool , and that , after a good deal of what may be cilled exploration , we are now threading our way up the Zambesi . ' We went first of all to the most southerly branch , as that was reported to be preferable to the main stream , but after ' ^ ohv ^ up about seventy miles , we found that tho connecting link -was choked with a peculiar kind of grass or rush which floats on the surface ; though a large body of fresh water was flowing , through , ' the vessels could not proceed . The harbour and bar are both good , and for seventy miles a navigablie river flows through extensive plains , where Sea Island cotton could be cultivated , and would be invaluable were it in the Cape Colony . We then went to the Luaho , or Parker ' s branch , but found , though the river is very large , and the water fresh outside , a double bar rendered it dan - gerous . Keturning seven miles south we found a very tine bar and harbour , called Kongonel This communicates by two branches with the main stream , and as one oi those if . c ^ y live miles long , we entered by that , and having the little . steaii . or Mi Kobert acting as a pilot to the larger , % vc are fooling our way a _ "autiously as we can . We tried another large mouth from tiV- ' s ^ de , but the Lar was bad . There aro many line branc ^ nnabut the Portuguese have kept them secret .
" Near the mouth of the branch Kongone , my brother stumbled on cotton growing in a deserted native garden , which does not adhere to tho seed as that I saw up the liver , and the pile or staple is longer than the Angola cotton . I enclose a specimen . " 1 will let you know how we got on higher up . Wo have had no " sL-kuess yet . Quinine every day for all hands . " With kindest regards to Mrs . T . and your family , I am , yours most trulv , " David Livingstone . " P . S . Juno 21 . —Wo send tho Pearl on her voyage sooner than wo anticipated . We were strictly charged to run no risk with her . The river ia now falling ; so thut though a vessel drawing four or . five feet would etUl go up ' toTcte , she , drawing nine feet seven inches , would be in danger . Wo land our goods on an Island , and go up bv successive trips in the steam launch . " j . Aspinall Tumor , Esq ., M . P . "
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tfo .. 44 l , September 4 , 1858 . ] THE LEADER . 893
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RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN SWEDEN . An address has beon recently presented to hftfkExccllcney tho Swedish Ambassador at tho Court of St . James ' s , at his residence in Grosveruor-place , emanating from the members or tho Protestant Association , tho Evangelical Alliance , tho Religious Tract Society , tho Evangelical Continental tfouioty , and other loading religious - ke 4 i « i ««— ^ - *— —T— : —i . ; . . .. .. . < — Aftor expressing tlio earnest desire of tho subscribers for the religious wolfaro of . tho King and people 0 / tho
Sweden , and alluding to those formor conflict * of Swedes with the power of Komo which resulted in the battle of LuUun , the address expresses deep regret at the severe fneawurcs adopted towards six femuly * lately converted from Protestantism to KomanUm . It goes on to observe that Protestantism will never uiuvoud by treading in the footsteps of Popery . It . i <* Incumbent on 1-VotOtttunts to concede , even to their strongest opponents , the same freedom of ooii . scle . ico which they il « maud for themselves . Doprlvhig Hoiiihii Catholics ot tholr liberty in Protostaut oountrlo * , tends to strcngthou the rcdtrlc-
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 4, 1858, page 893, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2258/page/5/
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