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Leader (1850-1860), 25th September 1858, Edition 1 of 2, Page 996, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      The last programme of the Breslau Committee for independence ' at elections compares in a rather jumbling style the relative position of Austria and Prussia in their struggle for supremacy among the German States . After referring to the advantages which Austria derived by her conduct : during the Russian war , it goes on to my tnafc Austria can never become more than what it is as long as the people are dumb . This is said in the face of the confiscations of the press that are taking place daily . In Austria it is said that Bruck , the Liberal Minister , was opposed to the introduction of a constitution of any kind for the people of Austria , because the international disputes arising therefrom would have crushed every sensible administration . There is truth

      federation as her equal in rank , and feels that in that very equality lies the best guarantee for the continuance of that great Union of States which forms the core of Europe , and which , it is the first and greatest duty of every member to maintain . The policy of Austria is not one of aggression , no policy of conquest , no policy of everlasting disturbances , no policy of armed peace . Europe is well aware of this and does not make Austria responsible for the fact that those international relations have not been restored which have maintained the peace of Europe for nearly forty years .

      What Austria wants is social order , the independence of nations , the faithful and conscientious observance of treaties , the maintenance of territorial boundaries which have been sanctioned by existing treaties and which form the conditions of the balance of power in Europe . Austria seeks no fresh acquisitions , but she seeks to defend her ancient possessions , and to protect her rightful interests .

      in this view of the matter . A representative assembly is altogether impossible in Austria ; for at a universal or imperial parliament the scenes of 1848 would undoubtedly be enacted again ; each nation would strive to gain the upper hand , and in the quarrel the rights of all would perish . . The people of Prussia , on the other hand , are of one race , one language , and Prussia is a constitutional State . It is , indeed , true that the Parliament of Prussia , as constituted hitherto , is not the best suited for such a position , nor is the Opposition what it ought to be to make an epoch in Germany . A Parliament that does not fear the consequences of eriticism is the only one that would instil respect into Germans , that exclusively criticising and philosophical

      people ( outwardly the most humble , and inwardly the most conceited people in the world ) . Independent and fearless men are required to render our representative assembly what it ought to be—the first in Germany . What can be expected from > i Parliament that dared not venture to discuss the Regency question ? It cannot possibly gain the esteem of Germany . But ask any native of Saxony , Bavaria , or Swabia whether he would not gladly acknowledge the supremacy of Prussia if she would help them to freedom of the press , trial bv jury , the right of

      meeting in public to . discuss political questions , &c , and * 4 ? Ba Tight to watch ; over and take account of the expenditure of the public money , and which protected the nationality throughout the length and breadth of the land . Prussia would occupy a nobler place among the European States , because , whatever might befal , she would be seconded by the millions of Germany united . It therefore , becomes the duty of every Prussian who has the greatness of his country at heart , it is the duty of every Liberal who really prefers United Germany to everything else , to see , that the Lower Chamber be so constituted as to deserve the position she seeks to occupy .

      The Vienna Zeitung , in reply to certain charges brought against Austria by the Patrie , contains an article which , from its style and tone , looks like a programme of Austrian policy . Austria , ( says the Vienna Zeitung ) , is not the dictator at Constantinople , but resolutely holds fast to the principles which Europe has by treaty laid down for the maintenance of the integrity and independence of the Ottoman Empire . She is opposed to the endeavours which , secretly , and openly , by force or treachery * threaten to undermine that empire . She assists the Porte with her counsels and encourages that country tp fulfil its solemn obligations , and she presses for the accomplishment of those obligations without connecting herself with those

      wlxo make the same demands , but at the same time take every means in their power to render their fulfilment impossible . Austria does not monopolise the navigation of the Danube , but , in accordance with the resolutions of the Vienna Congress and in unison with the Convention of Paris , has opened it up , and opposes her sovereignty and supremacy only to those who are striving to subject the . signification and rights of treaties as < reH as the rights of Europe to a dictatorial will . Austria seeks not to supplant the protectorate of Russia liy * ongI of" her"i > wn" in ' the Danubian Principalities , but she cannot comprehend the collective protectorate in the sense that would rend the ties which unite ' those countries to the Porte : she does not deceive horaelf 83

      to the nature and , character of the organisation which the Principalities have received ; but nhe has adopted the compromise -which baa led to the present state of affairs , and she wilt continue to protect this to the utmost of her power in contradistinction to those who appear to have waited ^ for its accomplishment to overthrow it by means of revolutionary violence . Austria necks not to reign supreme in Italy , but aho defends her legitimate influence upon the fato of the peninsula by the respect oho shows to the dignity and independence ^ ftKe Government » rand * by » oarefuny ^ pflterjngjrriQndJy f relations with them . She employs this influence in the

      interchange of opinions upon subjects connected with the Government of the country , but she does not enforce her views nor accompany them with coercive measures . 8 jhe encourages reforms bulb does not excite revolutionary passions to attain to power and wealth by their aid . Austria does not compel the fortresses of the Gorinanlo Confederation to receive war garrisons in times of ^ peace , she does not reign supreme in Frankfort , sho ft ' olpa 4 j ) o ' t > break down tho gates of tho Customs Union , » ho does not strive to reduce Central Europe under her sway , but sho maintains the laws of tho Confederation And obeys them ; she regards overy member , of thatCon-

      Untitled Article

      CONTINENTAL NOTES . FRANCE . The visit of Prince Napoleon to Algeria , which was to have taken place on the 24 th September , has been adjourned to the end of October . The Prince is desirous , before leaving , of settling'the great questions now pending relative to . the organisation of the colony . The Imperial Government has j'ielded to the outcry the Protectionists raised at the rumoured intentions of Prince Napoleon to introduce free trade , and has publicly promised that nothing is to be altered in the present state of things . The Emperor of the French will return to St . Cloud on the 28 th , and start for the camp at Chalons on the 30 th instant . . Marshal Canrobert is not , as was reported , to be married to the Duchess de Sotomayor , but to the daughter of an ironmaster in the Haute Marne . The new railwaj' from Paris to Vincennes , which is of great importance in a military point of view , is being completed with the utmost despatch . The Moniteur has published a quasi-official statement of the results of the Chinese expedition as , contained in the treaty with China . It concludes by saying that the happy results may be attributed to the good understanding- between England and France , and the bravery of their sailors and soldiers . The Emperor has marked his approbation of the manner in which Baron Gros discharged bis task by . appointing him to a seat in the Senate . The Moniteur de VArme ' e describes the preparatory steps already taken for the French , or rather French and Spanish , expedition against Cochin-China . The French had always this more at heart than the war against China itself .

      The Madrid journals of the 17 th inst . express the opinion that the new Cortes will be Progressist , and therefore hostile to O'Donnell ' s Cabinet ; others declare that they will virtually he Constituent Cortes . It was said that the expedition against the Riff pirates is to . be postponed to the spring ; but that the Government proposes to act energetically against Mexico .

      AUSTRIA . The Austrian Government has resolved to found a semi-official Italian newspaper at Milan , charged with defending its policy , to be called the Gazeta Italiana . Hitherto that task was confided to the Gazeta di Milana , and other smaller journals in the Lombardo-Venetian States ; which all preserved a local character , and had only a local circulation . Letters from Vienna state . that Austria thinks of raising a loan in London to the amount of ten millions sterling , and that a reduction of the military establishment is to take place .

      SWITZERLAND . The Federal Council calls the attention of the different chambers of commerce to-the opening of the Chinese ports , and urges them to make proposals in the interests of Swiss commerce . . PIEDMONT . A letter from Turin of the 15 th states that General della Marmora , Minister of AVar , after passing the garrison in grand review , left that place to visit Nice , Spezzia , and the district of Liguria .

      SARDINIA . The Moniteur of Tuesday adopts the statement of the Austrian Government having given its attention to the question of the use of Villafranca by the Russians , attaches little importance to it , and that the exchange of diplomatic notes to which it was expected to give rise will not take place .

      GREECE . The Queen-Regent haa signed a decree for the reestablishment of the ancient Olympic games . They are to be held at Athens , in the ancient Stadium , -which is still in a very perfect state of preservation , and requires very little more than a good cleaning out . The " Olynipiaka , " which are to take place on all the Sundays in the month of October , 1 S& 9 , will be a great improvement on those which were celebrated two thousand years ago . There will be wrestling , boxing , throwing the quoit , racing , dancing , music , and singing , as in olden times , but there will also be prizes given for works of art , agricultural produce , and manufactures .

      PRUSSIA . In reference to the Regency , the negotiations are settled between the Queen and the Prince of Prussia : the former withdraws her pretensions to the Regency , and the latter is to assume the title of co-Regent , but with unlimited powers , and perfectly independent in bis regal capacity . The Chambers are to be convoked in October . Prince Alfred left Berlin on the 18 th for Gotha . The Duke of Cambridge had arrived at Berlin from Mecklenburg , and alighted at the British Embassy . Galignani says that " the King has signed the order which definitively regulates the government . The order will not , however , be published officially until after the return of the Prince of Prussia from Hanover and Warsaw . "

      HOLLAND . The session of the States-General was opened at the Hague by the King of Holland in person on the 20 th . In his address hia Majesty described the country to be in a prosperous state—tho public revenues flourishingthe harvest most abundant—tho finances of the country in a very favourable condition . Among other measures to be laid berore the States would be ono to put an end to slavery in the Dutch dominions . ¦>¦ ¦ ¦¦ - . .,, ... iPORXUQAl ,. # P rince George of Saxony has arrived at Lisbon . . Foreign flour and cereals are admitted into the i ortuguese northern ports .

      Intelligence from Algiers states , that rumours having circulated that agitation prevailed at Oran , the Government had published a contradiction ; also that accounts from Qran of the evening of the 16 th announced that all was tranquil .

      TURKEY . A letter from Ragusa speaks of the constant increase of Russian influence and prestige with the Slavonian subjects of Turkey , who cease not , it say 3 , to turn their eyes to St . Petersburg as to a new Jerusalem . In the Herzegovina and in Bosnia Russian agents do all they can to maintain and augment this tendency .

      RUSSIA . St . Petersburg journals announce a " decisive defeat " of Schamyl . According to them , on the 2 nd ult ., a large detachment of his forces attacked a Russian column in the gorge of Acho , but was repulsed with considerable loss ; whereupon Schamyl , with a part of his troops ,., resolved to make a diversion at Wlndiknnkas . He there found a column ' under General Mischohanko , who manoeuvred to entico him Jnto tho place , and then , dividing his force into two columns , attacked him on the right and left , and routed him with loss . This engagement took place on the llth ult .

      The Czan confirms tho report of there having been agrarian disturbances in the interior of Russia . Many noble families have quitted their country seats and are gone to tho neighbouring towns , where thoy are safe from the violence of the serfs . Tho emancipation of tho peasants makes no progress In Volhynia , PocloUa , and tho Ukraine— 'those provinces where the Impatience , of the people to got rid of their yoke is the greatest JChujgorks pn the branch , line between the Prussian Eastern and tlio | dt . 1 * 0 ^ a standstill .

      SPAIN . The elections for tho now Cortes are to take place in October . .. The state of siege in Catalonia , on General Dulco ' a report , is immediately to be raised . Tho first law to bo proposed by Government will bo a now , extremely liberal , law on tho pross . From Madrid wo learn that tlte civil governor of tho town had given orders for tho seizure of some clandestine manufactories of gunpowder , which had boon discovered , at Alonznr do San Juan . The garrison of Cuba ha , d , been augmented by three thousand men .

      Untitled Article

      EGY 1 T . The concession for laying down the submarine telegrap h to Alexandria has been definitively agreed by finnan w Mr . Gfoborne , who represents an English company ™'" a capital of 800 , 000 / . Tho line will start from oap » Hellas , pass by the islands of Chios and Candi » i , wj » will have one branch lino on Smyrna , another on b ») rout , and a third on Multa and Corfu , » ni V n . S , ?' ^^^ &S ^^ SX& ^^ steamer , now at Smyrna , is to bo charged with the « w » of superintending tho laying of it down .

      Untitled Article

      996 THE LEAD E 11 . [ No . 4 ^ 4 , September 25 , 1858 .

      Untitled Article

      WEST INDIES . A Washington telegram says : — " Mr . H . B . Tobbottj , one of tho earliest submarine tolo ff raphio cable projeowrs , is here , preparatory to proqeotllng to Madrid to oonaum mate a privilege granted by tho Capta n-Gonornl Cuba for laying a gable from Cuba to Florida .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 25, 1858, page 996, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2261/page/12/