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POLITICAL FOBESHADOWINGS . Dr . M'Halb on Rbfork . —The apathy of the Irish press and public respecting the Reform question has been remarkable . It has been reserved for Dr . M'Hale , the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam , to break silence on the subject , which he does in a voluminous letter written to a Dublin paper , in which ho addresses Lord Derby , and endeavours to impress upon him that the evil felt most acutely in Ireland is the inability of the tenant class to exercise the elective franchise conscientiously without incurring the landlord's vengeance ; he points out the Ballot as the only remedy , without which , he says , any increase of the suffrage would only be an increase of the evil . The Archbishop also denounces the Established Church in Ireland , the Queen ' s Colleges , and the National System of Education .
ought to proceed is well expressed in the famous dictnm of Burke , that we should ' cherish in our minds ? fc ability to improve with the disposition to preserve -fo ! by so doing we shall best discharge the duty weowe t * our country , and most effectuall y maintain and amelio rate the inheritance which Providence has committed t 2 our charge . " w Mr . Beach , M . P ., and Mr . Sclater Booth MP- _ On Wednesday , the members for the northern division of Hampshire met their constituents at Basingstoke Blr Beach , referring to late events in France , said English " men would sympathise with any one who suffered in I cause so noble as that of the liberty of the press but how much must that
sympathy be increased when thev recollected that it was because the Corate de Montalembert had spoken in praise of the institutions of England that he had been subjected to the treatment he had received . He could not avoid expressing the apprehensions he entertained when he contemplated the condition of a neighbouring country ; he could not but remember the old adage which reminded them with so much simplicity and truth that their property was alwayj in danger when their neighbour ' s house was on fire . No thinking man in this country could contemplate without the most serious apprehensions the prospect of a convulsion in France . Turning to the present political condition of our own country , he alluded to the promised
measure of Parliamentary Reform . He believed the earnest and sincere desire of the p eople of England to be not that they should attempt to destroy but to im . prove the constitution . If that was their opinion it behoved all those who would have to consider this question of Parliamentary reform to be careful how they destroyed , unless at the same time they built up our political institutions , and placed them upon a firmer and sounder basis . —Mr . Sclater Booth said that , in one respect , the times were completely changed . The age of violent party faction had vanished , and it was to the forbearance and the liberal interpretation of their acts by the country that the present or any future Government would have to look for its continued existence .
He could not but think that there would be the greatest necessity in the next session for the exercise of a spirit of moderation and liberality . He trusted that the Government would be supported until some refereuce was made on the subject to the people at large . Hon . Gr . Noel , M . P ., and Hox . G . H . Heathcote , M . P .-r-At an agricultural meeting at Oakham , on Wednesday , the members for Rutlandshire were present The Hon . G . Noel said , on the question of Parliamentary Reform , he would never support a one-sided party measure , brought forward by a few for the purpose of aggrandising one class at the expense of another . Nor would he support such a measure as was shadowed forth by Mr . Bright in his speech at Birmingham , and which ,
if carried out , would destroy all that we in this country held dear—the Queen , the Lords , and the Church . Such a measure would , he thought , be most distasteful to this country in particular , because if England were to be divided into electoral districts , and those districts received representatives in proportion to population only , the most disagreeable results would follow . The hon . member for Birmingham , Mr . Bright , was always holding up America as a model , and would assimilate our institutions to those existing in that country . Now there was no country where so much real liberty was enjoyed in thought and action as in England . In Amonca men were slaves to public opinion , and dared not express their sentiments freely and opeujy , as we do hero , ine HonGHHeathcote said : — " We are like y to have
. . . two Reform Bills-one from Lord Derby and tlio other from Mr . Bright . Mr . Bright is likely to go too far even for his own party . I have the ncq «« ntanco of several good reformers , nnd they think that tho hon . member for Birmingham is likely to go too far ov them . In truth , it seems to mo that theso ultra gonHe men do not altogether agree among themselves . *'"* talk about others being illiberal , but I think they thorn solves generally look a littlo to ' number ono . ¦<" Edinburgh , for instance , they have been addl fi « «* » point to tho Charter , and they oven say that they ti . mj they should have some moro members for & <»«« tt .: % ... it „! * „„ t » i , ; r . ir it . behoves tlio ng ™ Under them circumstances I Uiink it bo ^ " " ""
y . ctcd culturists at least to consider what bearing tl 10 pnyectc measure la ljkely to have upon their interest , ma » y tho small boroughs are situated In tho conroof JJ ^ tural communities , and their own prosperity doy n 'iff upon tho prosperity of tho sun-omul . ng dia nets , i / generally return men who have your interests « U cart . At present tho boroughs return a largo show 9 no bori ; but if you take from tho small borougl J »« JJj more roprosontativos to tlio largo towns , J ° Mrather bo increasing tho anomaly , l-or w « . CSOIlt mombor that a . county momUop does not 01 iiy | d tho county , but ho also rcproaontd tho boroiitf lv }»» ' « in that county ? while 11 borough inomboi oil 1 Ja sents tho borough with wUlclx he is eo » " ^ n 3 said that tliorb is muah moro IntelItfenc" I I « ' « than , in tho counties . Now , I utterly ami v » " Jw nd . this . When I look around to aoo whom 1 n «» () mt dressing , I think it Is most mo . wtwii » w 0 they posuas all tho learning " » tlio ^ f Juww , «'> ™ know nothing In tho aomiUa * ^ Iwn ' »» lM * '
The Ioxiajs QuKsnox . ^ On Saturday there appeared an official article in the Herald , denying that the Government has or ever had the least intention of changing the relations between the Crown and the Ionian Republic , established by the Treaty of 1815 . The suggestions of Sir John Young's despatch were entirely repudiated . Sir John himself , according to our contemporary , has since abandoned them as untenable . Fortv Shilling- Freeholds . A deputation of Scottish Reformers waited , on Monday , on the Lord Advocate , in Edinburgh , and urged the importance of granting the same privileges to Scotland as to England , in the matter of the fortv shilling freehold franchise .
The deputation , was received very courteously , and the Lord Advocate stated that he will not view the question on the narrow ground of technicality in legal forms . Xo movement of a political character has taken so strong a hold upon the Scotch comihunity as the extension of the freehold franchise of forty shilling ? to the working classes . A requisition has already received many influential signatures in Glasgow for Mr . Bright to visit that city . The Ballot Society . —A deputation has waited upon the Lord Mayor , arid asked him to head a petition to the House of Commons in favour of tbe ballot . His Lordship complied with , the request , and presented a donation of 51 . to the funds of the association .
Newcastle . —A great political demonstration was held on Monday in connexion with the Northern Reform Union . Many hundreds had to go away from the large hall , unable to obtain admittance . William Cook , Esq ., President of the Union , was in the chair . The meeting was addressed by Messrs . Joseph Cowen , jun ., Charles Larkin , and James Paul Cobbet . It is described as having been one of the most remarkable meetings , both for numbers and enthusiasm , ever held at Newcastle Manhood suffrage , vote by ballot , and shorter Parliaments formed the burden of the speeches . Parliamentary KiiFORai Committee . —This organisation has greatly strengthened itself by adherents from all ranks since the recent conference at tho Guildhall Coffee-house . Several additions have been made to the committee , and subscriptions for large and small amounts continue to flow into the treasury .
Gloucester ,- —At a meeting held a few nights ago , a memorial to the Queen , repudiating the Chinese Treaty , and praying her Majesty to refuse to receive the indemnity , was unanimously adopted . Other memorials for the same object are now being extensively signed . Mr , Walter , M . P .- ~ At ah entertainment at Nottingham on Tuesday , this honourable gentleman said : — - " We are on tho eve of a session pregnaut with great and stirring events , perhaps with dangers , of which no man can foresee the result . By a remarkable and unlookedfor combination of circumstances that great party in the State from which wo could least have expected a measure of reform has found itself invested , not only with tho honours and responsibilities of office , but with
the self-imposed duty of remodelling our representative system . The position of a Conservative Administration charged with the preparation of a Reform Bill must be a rather delicate and trying one . I earnestly trust that the ensuing session will not bo allowed to pass without tho question being brought to a decisive and satisfactory settlement . Nothing is so injurious to the moral or physical condition of a man as the conviction , whether right or wrong , that ho is labouring under some constitutional disorder , and , if ho is wise , he will loso wot a moment ; in endeavouring to ascertain and to eradicate tho cause of his complaint . I am in no dogroo in tlio
confidence of tho presont Administration , and , indeed , I must do thorn the justice to say that , although thoy hava not been uniformly successful in keeping ; private and confidential despatches out of tho columns of the newspapers ( a laugh ) , yet in regard to their measure of Reform they have contrived to keep their secret uncommonly well . My experience as a mombor of Parliament loads mo to tho conclusion that , whatever shape Reform may take with respect to fclio constitution of tho House of Commons , It Is not deslrdblo that the numbers of that branch of tlio Legislature should bo augmented , It appqara to mo that the groat principle upon which wo
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Among the home topics of the week , poaching affrays , with sacrifice of life , are prominently noticeable from their number . The pertinacity with which the landlords cling to their barbarous feudal rights hi the face of an improved , intelligence that loudly condemns them , and will one day compel them to loose their hold , is a stain upon the morals of the country— 'an arbitrary exercise of power , under cover of laws obsolete in spirit , that can find no support in reason . The preservation of game is a source of constant trouble and loss to the tenant farmer , a horrible temptation to the peasant , and increases largely both county and poor-rates . The arguments used in favour of the maintenance of the Game Laws will
not hold upon being taxed : the strongest is , that to abolish the Game Laws would be to throw private property open to the trespass of the idle and vicious ; but would not the present law of trespass amply suffice to guard all the legitimate rights of private property r—do they not amply suffice in all other cases than in this solitary one of the preservation of game ? Unfortunately , the force of public opinion is not likely to press for an immediate settlement " of this ugly question , the generosity of townspeople not being directly interested in the matter ; it is , nevertheless , a question in which the moral reputation of the whole country is involved .
There seems at last to be a chance that the metropolitan railway scheme , of which we have heard at intervals for a good manj years , may be brought to bear . A large meetings called by the Lord Mayor , took place at the London Tavern on "Wednesday , to hear a statement of Mr . Pearson ' s " recent proceedings to obtain improved railway accommodation for the City . " Mr . Pearson ' s scheme , which out of several that are before the public , is the one that finds most popular favour , aims at overcrowding of the streets of the City with vehicles
of all kinds , and the more dangerous overcrowding of the dwellings of the working population of the City . He states boldly that for the sum of one shilling per week the workman may be conveyed to a vastly superior dwelling-place out of town , and yield to the Metropolitan Railway Company a handsome profit . The feeling of the meeting , which was attended by Lord John Russell , Baron Rothschild , and a great number of City magnates , was warmly in , favour of the undertaking . The Metropolitan Railway Company has already raised 450 , 000 / ., and the public are asked to subscribe 300 , 000 / . more for the accomplishment of the work . It will be strange indeed if so small a sum is not soon forthcoming .
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The GAtiWAT Ooeak Line , —The scheme of an Atlantic Ocean line , from Gal way , which has been welcomed so warmly by the public , is calculated to promote Irish prosperity in . many ways not perceived by the superficial thinker . Already it has greatly improved the formerly deserted and deplorably apathetic town of Galway . There "is a healthy bustle under its fine old Spanish gateways , and its shopkeepers display an animated pushing habit quite new to them , and quite English in its aspect . Without seeking to exaggerate the value of the new steam line to the district one annot but perceive that it bos , even now , shaken several
Qonnaught towns , besides Galway , out of their slumber , and induced the inhabitants of Limerick tp discover that they have been time out of mind neglecting their super rior advantages , A number of the Belfast manufacturers now carry on their linen trade -with America vid Galway , and several of the most eminent Irish cornfactors , millers , and distillers , export and import largely by the same route . The nautical authorities must fight it out among themselves whether Foynes is a better American port than Galway , or preferable tp Cork , or half a dozen other harbours that have been dragged into tho struggle ; that discussion would not bo suitable hero . It is our part , however , to mention that the facilitv of
communication with Belfast which Galway will enjoy , ^ vhen a railway now projected has been laid down , must give the Connaught port a strong argument . It would be equally improper to enter , in this paper , into the question whether an Irish line for America will pay ; the problem Is under solution in an interesting manner , and we are patriotic enough to desire its sucoesa , convinced , as tve are , that the country will be largely the gainer by that result , not only in tho solid advantages arising from increased trade with tho States , but in the character which we Irishmen must gather from our newborn sympathy with praotlcal enterprises , — Dublin University Magwtinofov JDwmbpi ;
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lsXj& T H E tEADEB . [ No . 454 , December 4 , 1858 .
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 4, 1858, page 1308, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2271/page/4/
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