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school which in history deals with principles rather than With persons , and in criticism deals with poems rather tban ^ with poets , hooks rather than with authors . Mr . Hallam , in striving to be a classical historian has shown hot little ambition to be a popular one . His works are more for the student than the idle reader . The student finds in them a mine of wealth t—unbounded erudition , accuracy that has" never been impugned , a wise judgment that almost always leaves one satisfied , a brevity of statement that prevents exhaustion , and an elegance of style , that draws-him along . in about 1778 educated at
Hallam was born or , was Eton , and from Eton passed to Christ Church , Oxford , where he took his degree in 1799- After leaving the University he took up his residence in London , and acquired his first reputation as a . contributor to the Edinburgh Review . He married , and we find him in 1811 rejoicing in the birth of his little Arthur ; who was such a marvel of a child that at the age of seven lie learnt to read Latin with fluency in a year . Amid this domestic happiness , in 1818 , he gave to the world the first and , perhaps , the greatest , of his works , the View of the State of Europe during t / ie Middle Ages—which has since gone through a dozen editions . lie waited nine years and then published his Constitutional History
of England Jrom the Accession of Henry VII . to the death of George II . Nothing can be more masterly than the manner in which he has here traced the history of the English constitution from its first faint beginnings to its perfect development ; it is a vast , treasury of political thought—an armbury of political facts . After these publications Mr . Hallam turned from , political to literary history , and prepared to write a full account of the revival of letters . It was while engaged in this work , and while his heart was full of joy in the acquired merits of his elder sou , who had just left college , and
who , under his father s eye , was now studying the Institutes of Justinian and . the Commentaries o ( Blackstone , now writing short papers for various works , reviews of Tennyson for a . magazine , biographies of Burke and Voltaire for the Portrait . Gallery of the Useful Knowledge Society , that the great affliction came which seemed for a time to prostrate the historian , and which certainly gave a mellowness to his habits of thought as well as a depth of feeling to his whole , character that had the happiest influence on his critical disquisitions . — - Times .
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THE BURNS PRIZE ODE . Miss Craig v the successful competitor for this prize and poetical distinction , is a young Scotchwoman—a native of Edinburgh , and for two years past resident in London . Early left an orphan , she ^ was reared and educated under the care of a grandmother not in affluent circumstances . With praiseworthy industry , and self-cultivation of her intellectual powers , she early resolved to work out her own pecuniary independence . By occasional poetical contributions to the Edinburgh Scotsman she gained the notice and kindness of Mr . John Ritchie , the oldest and principal proprietor of that journal , and for some years she was employed by this early patron and friend on its literary department . In 185 G Messrs . Blackwood published in a small volume a collection of
Miss Craig ' s fugitive metrical compositions , under the title of Poems by Isa . The author has also been n contributor under the signature of" C . " to the poetry of tho National Magazine . In August , 1857 , on Miss Craig ' s first visit to a London friend , Mr . Hastings , the hon . secretary of the National Association of Social Science , engaged her services in tho organisation of tho society , and to this association Mies Craig is still attached as a literary assistant . The published transactions of tho association owe much to her talent and good judgment . At the Liverpool meeting in October last ,
Miss Craig attracted general notice and commendation by her unobtrusive conduct and tact in tho management of some departments of the business . Miss Craig was absent at tlio Crystal Palace meeting , really ignorant of tho success of nor literary competition , and , of the award of tho judges , It had happened that she had not seen the mottoes on the successful poem made public sonic days since . Tho chances of a young Scotchwoman against 021 male and female competitors did not tempt her to attend tho adjudication , and she was not informed of her success till lato aftor tho termination of tho mooting at SydouUain Palaco .
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NAVAL AND MILITARY . Hw Rotai * Highness tho Duko of Cambridge , as tho general qommandlng-in-chiof , hold a levoo on Wednesday Afternoon at tho Horeo Guards , at which thoro was A Jwgo attendance of officers . It is alleged that tho Government have completed a contjf « ofc with throe largo iron companies for a supply of ^ pounders as fast as they can bo cast . An important mf Act for Bunpowdor haa also boon taken . Ano now Borow steamship Doris , 82 , which mado an wpowtaeatal trip outaldb Plymouth Sound on Monday , W charge of Captain Risk , of tlio Devonport Stoam «« 8 orvp , , ftn < i of Mr . Dinnoii , inepoctor afloat pf steam wuoWuQ ry , i 8 fitted with trunk engines by Messrs . Venn n » ZJi ° 1 ' 80 < Mj orao power . Sho attained an average Sp Wd ofaai ^ jRnQto ^ n ^ ya p ^ gg ^ Q of 201 b .. with 62
revolutions . Considering the freshness of the breeze and the degree of swell on , the result of the trial was satisfactory . It is expected that she will go out again . The Doris has on board all her heavy armament , viz .: on the main deck , twenty 10-inch Paixhans guns , usually known as 84-pounders , and on the upper deck ten 58 cwt . 32-pounders ; sha will also carry two revolving solid-shot 18-inch guns , weighing 95 cwt . each .. T he ship is all ataut , and ready for the pendant . The Daily News says : —* ' We have already announced that there will be a considerable increase in the navy estimates for the years of 1859-60 , and we have now good foundation for stating that the increase in the Surveyor ' s department alone will be upwards of one million , "
Captain Jones , R . N ., who has recently returned from India , has published his observations on the late campaigns , which must be considered as of value ; coming from the pen of one who understands the practice as well as the theory of warfare ^ He remarks that our muchlauded Enfield rifle , " the Queen of Weapons , " has one very serious defect , which does not come out in a battle or two , but which i 3 apt to cause very serious inconvenience - ^ indeed , sometimes to bring matters to a dead-lock in a more protracted campaign . In one case , after firing seventy or eighty shots , " many bullets had stuck so fast that , after the breech had been taken out , they could not even be forced back through the muzzle , and were obliged to be bored out . And it
is evident that , long before they got so foul as to be utterly impossible to be loaded , it had become matter of time and great exertion to force the bullet home . That this is a great disadvantage in the weapon is plain , and in disastrous retreats , like the affairs at Arrah , many men lose their lives , and moire their confidence and discipline , from their inability to load their arms quickly when pursued by a pursuing foe . " Captain Jones also noticed oh another occasion that in a large number of instances the fuses failed in igniting the shells , and in others exploded whilst still in the air , thus doing more injury to the besieging army than to the besieged ; His easy solution of this phenomenon is that they were old fuses , which had been so longin store as to spoil , and he recommends that for the future none but new fuses may
be served out . Two privates of the Royal Marines , at Chatham , have been tried by court-martial for desertion , and found guilty . One of them , named Bealy , was sentenced to be branded with the letter D , to be imprisoned for 165 days , and to be placed under stoppages until the sum of which he defrauded the Government is made good . Private William Smith was sentenced to receive fifty lashes , and to be imprisoned for forty-two days , but the Duke of Cambridge remitted the , punishment of flogging . Rear-Admiral Hope has been selected to succeed Sir Michael Seymour as Commander-in-Chief in the East Indies . Admiral Hope commanded the Firebrand during the hostilities in the Parana against Rosas in 1845 and 1846 , and took part in all the operations in that river , during which he greatly distinguished himself ; he also commanded the Majestic in the Baltic during the late war . Ho obtained his flag rank in November , 1857 .
" Heart of Oak " writes to tUe Times on the subject of national defences . He observes that "theFrench navy being nearly , if not quite , equal to ours , and they having scarcely any distant possessions to protect , it only requires a little judicious manoeuvring on their part to ensure their having at least a temporary superiority at sea at any time they may determine on . They might also form an alliance which- would ensure such superiority for some time . Taking these things into consideration , and also tho chances of war , is it proper for us to trust tho whole safety of this country to our ships ? Should wo not provido some efficient resource in case
this , our first lino of defence , were broken through ? And what better provision can wo make than by rendering tho whole of our militia force sp effectivo as to bo ready for service at a moment ' s notice , and by tho encouragement , of volunteers and riflo clubs to create in all parts of tho country such a body of Englishmen skilful in ' tho uso of their weapons as would render am invasion a vastly moro formidable affair than it would be « t present , and would produce such wellrgroundod confidonco in tho country as would fvoo us from these peri , odical panics , which aro so unbecoming in tho greatest nation in Europo ?"
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Testimonial to tub TSnrron ov this " Law Twos . " --A testimonial from tho Solicitors of England and Walos has just boon presented to tho Editor of tho JUwt Times . It is a largo silver contro-piooo , consisting of a richly chased vaso standing on a square plinth , vrlth four panels for tho inscription and armorial bearings . It is supported by four heraldic horses in frosted silver . Tho inscription is as follows : —» Tho Testimonial of tho Solicitors of England and Wales , to Edward William Cox , Esq ., presented in recognition of his unwearied and successful omloavoura , as Editor of tho Law Timet , to promote tho mental , moral , and social advancement of thoir branch of the Legal Profession . 1858 . " It was dosignod and manufactured by Mr . Motealf Hopgood , of 202 , Biahopsgato-8 , trcot , on whoso taste and skill jit reflects credit .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . ¦ . '¦ . ' . ¦ ¦ T-RANCE . . ; . , : ' .. '¦ '¦ ¦¦ ¦ Referring to the rumours published in the fnde ' pendance Beige , and repeated by the Union , that King Victor Emmanuel consented to the ^ marriage on the condition that an offensive and defensive treaty should be signed between France and Sardinia , and that such a treaty had in effect been signed on Saturday last , the Moniteur contradicts the assertion " as completely false , and insulting to the dignity of the two Sovereigns , " with a guarded emphasis in the following paragraph , which deserves to be carefully noted : —" The Emperor must desire that his family alliances should accord' . with the traditional policy of France ; but he will never make the great interests of the country depend upon a family alliance . "
" The oracular words of the Jfoniteur , " the correspondent of the Daily News says , " have naturally been , very closely scanned to-day ; and the observation is in every mouth that they do not deny the existence of a treaty offensive and defensive between France and Sardinia ' , but merely that such a treaty was the price of the marriage . The scornful reproof administered to the Union , for citing the paragraph from the Inde ' pendance Beige , does not , therefore ,, touch the real point which excites public anxiety . Nobody doubts that the negotiations for the : marriage have been conducted with sufficient skill to save appearances as much as possible . The Independence Beige was seized on Tuesday , probably on account of its containing some answer to the equivocal contradiction , in the Moniteur , of its statement . The Countess de Hatzfeldt has arrived in Paris from Berlin .
Prince Mirza-Hamid-Ally Bahadoor , son of the King of Oude , and grandson of the Queen of Oude who died in Paris about a year ago , has arrived at the Hotel Lafitte with a numerous suite . It is certain that France is engaged in . extensive warlike preparations , and the arsenals of Toulon and Marseilles are alive with activity . The Journal d < e- Cherbourg contains the following news which smells woundily of gunpovrder : —The Minister of Marine has just informed the authorities of this port that the . necessities of the service require that the liiie ships Arcole , Alexandra , arid Donawerth . should join the Mediterranean squadron
as soon as possible . These three vessels will accordingly leave Cherbourg almost immediately . The steam frigate Sane , now completely armed , is coaling , and will probably sail for Toulon at the end of the week . The fast-sailing steam frigate La Souveraine is actively arming . It is also said that the mixed vessel St . Louis is to be armed . The Messager du Midi says ' : — The French Government is seriously occupied with the defence of Marseilles . The mixed commission of public works has considered if necessary from motives of economy to reject the project of a breakwater , the cost of which was estimated at not less than 152 millions . That decision has bad for result to bring under consideration ¦
the erection of new batteries . . , The funeral of the Duke de Plaisance , Grand Chancellor of the Legion of ^ -Honour , was celebrated on Monday with extraordinary pomp . The guns of the Invalides were fired , and almost all the disposable troops of the garrison of Paris were under arms . The Bourse on Wednesday Nvas very firm and animated , in consequence of a rumour that Austria has accepted a diplomatic conference respecting the pending questions . Tho Moniteur de la Colonisation contains a Ministerial decree of Prince Napoleon , dated January 6 , prohibiting 1 all recruiting of immigrants on tho eastern coast of Africa and Madagascar .
Two French ships of the line have left Toulon for Genoa , probably to bring home Prince Napoleon and his bride . The Indopendance Beige of Wednesday evening publishes a statement to tho effect that the British Cabinet haa addressed the French , Austrian , and other Governments , with the object of reviving a project proposed by Austria herself in 1848 to Lord Palmerston for satisfying the requirements of tho Italians . This scheme establishes the administrative separation of tho Lorabardo-Venotian provinces from the other parts of the monarchy , and in consideration of certain financial conditions , assures them a quasi independence and selfgovernment based upon constitutional prinoinjes . The Inddpendaince adds that Russia and France are Trilling to accede to this proposal ; but a reply has not , as yet , been received from Vienna .
AUSTKXA . A despatch from Vienna , dated Monday , stated that tho Emperor , iu an address to the deputation of tho National Bank , expressed himself in terms calculated to tranquilliae the public mind on tho present position of political affairs . In a Vienna lottor wo road-r- " Accounts from Italy concur in stating that tranquillity is perfectly re-established . Tho refusal to p * y taxes which wfts spolMn of , has boon greatly exaggerated . Tho taswa of 1860 ano being paid as well in Lombardy ojJa w * y other part of , tU g empire , "
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Tsfn . 462 . January 29 , 18593 THE IjBADEB . 135
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 29, 1859, page 135, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2279/page/7/
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