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the police everywhere else , and replaced thein by armed and drilled constabulary after the Irish plan . Each divison—a division contains usually three counties-r-is occupied by a regiment of mounted police / and three regiments of infantry . ' The cities have a police of their own , aided by a corps of trained detectives , and commanded by a kotwal or mayor . The police are forbidden to receive confessions or take evidence , the only successful precaution against torture , and tlie investigation is left exclusively to the civil magistracy ^ . The landlords are compelled to give information of all crime on their own estates ; and the village police ; a band of ruffians who ^ the curse of Bengal and the North-West , though it
not abolished , are ignored . The magistrate ,, proclaimed , will look to their master , the landholder , and riot to them . The new system is , of course , experimental , but it contains many elements of success , and at all events rids us of the wild traditionary police , who . . had neither discipline , courage , organisation , nor honour . The new force is to be deprived of its muskets as soon as the population is disarmed , and compelled to rely on the sabre , the pike , and its superior discipline . The civil officers , I understand , are iiat pleased with the change . Men who have grown up under any system , however bad , are seldom delighted with its sudden and total abolition . "
PROSELTTISM AND MISSIONARIES . Mr . Russell writes : ^ - " The people , in fear and perplexity ,, seem awaiting . the event which is to force them to become Christians . Of . the belief in our intentions to convert them no act or saying of burs can divest their minds . Strange to say , such forced conversions as they seem to be looking for are riot at all unusual , or rather were not unknown , in Oude ; and it has been recorded that the Mahomedaris ; here wade many converts to their creed by the simple process of surrounding a village and threatening to kill all the inhabitants unless they embraced the true faith . There are some people who think the Queen could make many millions , of t
Christians here 'by-proclamation , "" or by " Act of Parliament , " and would advise her Majesty to try the evangelising process , if she were unfortunate enough to have such councillors . It is unquestionable that the efforts of learned missionaries , well versed in the native languages , acquainted with the dialectics of the Hindoo and Mahomedan , zealous , pio us , and patient , would meet , while the people are in this state of mind , with an amount of success which would be as surprising as it would be gratifying . And here ' let me observe that these much reviled natives show a temper and moderation which we do not find among self-styled Christian and civilised nations nearer home . So long as a Christian
minister can argue with a moulvie or a pundit with patience and ingenuity , he will be listened to with interest and respect j lie will be permitted , to expound the Scriptures , and to warn his- hearers against the errors of their faith , provided that he refrains from insulting , contemptuous , and irritating language ; but if he be a mere ignorant , illiterate zealot , - without any qualification ( temporally speaking ) except a knowledge of Hindostanee and good intentions , he may be exposed to the laughter , scorn , and even abuse of the crowded bazaar , in consequence of his manifest inability to meet the subtle objections of his keen and practised opponents . From what I have heard , I regret to state ,
my conviction is that no considerable success , so far as human means are concerned , can be expected from the efforts of those who are like the ancient Apostles in ( ill things but their inspiration and heavenly help . The differences between Christian missionaries—the Roman Catholic , who tells the natives that the commissioner , the collector , the Judge , and the chaplain lire not Christians at all , and that he is the only true teacher—o , nd tho clergyman of the Church of England , and the Scotch Presbyter , and tho American Episcopal Methodist , and the Baptist , and tho Unitarian , do not present o very encouraging front , to tho Hindoo or Mussulman would-bo neophyte . " Inpian Revenue . —The total amount of tho not revenue of the empire in India , ( all provinces included ) in the year ended the 80 th of April , 1857 , was . £ 28 , 730 , 698 , viz ., XU , 708 , 102 in Bengal , £$ , 917 , 614 in tho North - Western Provinces , £ 1 , 254 , 023 in tho Punjaub , £ 5 , 019 , 730 in Madras , and £ 4 , 776 , 704 in Bombay . We subjoin tho items ofthe revenue , vis * ., land , gross rovenue , £ 17 , 717 , 5801 exciao ( saver , abkarrce , and moturpha ) , proas
rorenuo , £ 1 , 421 , 364 > gross rovonuo from tho foregoing , £ 10 , 138 , 044 ; not rovenue from tho sumo , £ 16 , 834 ^ 308 | salt ( n ot ) , £ 2 , 993 , 453 $ oustoms ( not ) , « l , i 237 j and , miscellaneous ( net ) , £ 4 , 022 , 549 . That important article , opium , yielded a gross revenue of £ 5 , 003 , 104 , anil a . not rovonuo of £ 8 , 891 , 151 , Tho improvement of tlio pollco system of Ondo , toy tho virtual extinction of tho old police , is a very much hotter measure .
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Russian View op ovr Indian ArFAins . —An , article from the St . Petcrsburcjskeeja Vaidomostee , entitled " England in India , Italy > and Greece , " remarks : — " On considering the most rcccntcverits in India , we cannot but say that England ' s selfconfidence must have been greatly increased by the issue of tho late revolutionary movements . 1 he suppression of the India . ii mutiny , it is true , ¦ nas greatly told upon the finances and forces of England , and for thirty or even fifty years to come , the country of the Hindoo ought to be considered as a heapof smouldering ashes , from whence ( it any moment flames may arise threatening tho -whole lana with destruction . In spite of all this , tho result or the last struggle boars testimony to the ample resources of England , la tho short space of a year ot
and a half , England , for . tl \ o roconqucHt nor Asiatic empire , has been strong enough to sustai n tho loss of an amount of money and men equal w that originally required for its s ' ubjugntiou during tho course of a whole century . Novorin former timos has Great Britain commanded a sufllcbiic force lor efforts so gigantic abroad ,, without hazarding nor position amongst ; tho European statos ; nnd wuat ought to bo specially borne in mind , all tbc > so exertions have been made immediately at tho closo <» « » w * HM 1114 ¦ w M ^^ tl * «* SIV «* W * •»• » x « n ** r w ^ vh ^ »¦•— w .- - aim
^ war , devouring an immense amount of wealth , about 50 , 000 of tho flower of her army , 'i hove aie two ways for the demonstration of national power . Ono oinpiro covers itself with tho glories ot stoft «> conquest , and tho laurels won in a cpntinuod sonis of battlG-flelds , whilst another State rodec-ms cs fame by a quick resurrection from misery . lll ° worth and renown duo to tho latter aro by no means inferior to thoso of tho former . As a ¦ crowning point of England ' s merits , wo must not ovoriooK the fuoli that , ' owincr to tho aoliditV oftUo pooplO 3
charaator aud institutions , no very extraordinary measures have boon resorted to in tho ro-ostauusiimont of her Indian dominion , nor has her dobfc won greatly increased , or tho assistance of stranger Heeded . "
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NOTES ON INDIAN ^ PROGRESS . The grant of leave to Europe goes on upon an extensive scale , but the hill stations are well frequented . :,. ' :.. From I > arjeelirig a considerable detachment of recovered men and invalids , who have benefited by the beautiful climate , has been despatched to _ the plains by Major Hopkins , the commandant . Lieut . Vandeleur , H . M . 35 th , is to command , and Assist .-Surgeon I 3 e Ohaumont takes medical charge . At Bhaugulpore the detachment was to divide into two —one proceeding to Calcutta , under Lieut . Graeme , H . M . ' s 37 th , and the other , under Lieut . Vandeleur , to the upper provinces . Lieut J- Jerdan , 43 rd N . L . L , is ordered to do duty with the Darjeeling depot . . Colonization
Mr . Hyde Clarke , the author of , Railways , and Defence in our Indian Empire , has been appointed by the British settlers in the Darjeeling country , in North Bengal , their agent * to represent their interests before the Council for India , and the Colonization Committee . On Thursday , he had an interview with Lord Stanley at the'East India House , to present a memorial from Darjeeling in favour of granting an immediate guarantee to the Northern Bengal Railways Mr . Clarke will receiye other memorials from the cities of Calcutta , Dinajepore , Rungpore , Maldah , &c . . At Dehra various appointments have been made . Assist .-Surgeon M . B . Lambe still officiates as civil surgeon , until the return of the Goorkha regiment , now on its march back . They are looking out for some European deserters frotn N 3 nee Tal .
Ensign F . H . Alexander lias six months' leave t > the hills north of Dehra . . .. '¦ "_• At Mussoorie the' winter has been extraordinarily mild , and the rhododendrons are a month and a half in advance . Some fears are expressed of a change in the weather . . Captain Reid , 50 th B . N . I , has extended leave to Mussoorie . Assist , Surgeon John Bell , 93 rd Highlanders , lias received medical charge of the Dugshaie < lepot , but Surgeon D . Macrae remains in the superior charge of Dugshaie and Soobalhoo . . Ensign F . G . Coleridge , 42 nd Highlanders , has been appointed station staff at Nynee TaK Staff Assist . Surgeon A /> W . P . Pinkerton has medical charge ' of the convalescent depot . .
Captain E . W- E . Walker is appointed to do duty with the Landour depot . Assist-rSurgeon A . S . A . Wilson has been sent to Aliriorah to take charge of the Goorkha depot there , the jail and civil station , in the place of Surgeon Lee , M . D . Brevet Major J . H . Cox , H . M . ' s 75 th Foot , has been appointed to the command of the depot at Murree . Brevet Major D . D . Muter , 60 th Foot , has left Murree for Kurracliee . There are strong rumours of expected disturbances from the hill tribes of the Sind frontier , in consequence of General Jacob ' s death .
For the KTcilgherries Lieut . Whitlock , aido-de-camp to General Whitlock , has leave till the end of the 3 'ear . Csiptain J ; G . ' Cookson , 8 th M . L . C ., has leave for six months . Ensign H . S . Stewart is doing duty with the detachment of the 1 st Madras Fusileers , at Jackatalla . Captain J . C . McQaskill , 51 st M . N . L , has leave till September 15 th . Assist .-Surgeon C , W . White has six months ' leave to Bangalore and the west coast of Madras . We regret , to observe that a convalescent depot has been established at Allahabad , when every exertion should bo used to send men to the hills .
Mr . Ewart ' s Committee on English Colonization and Settlement in India , mot in No . 18 Committeeroom on Monday and Thursday , at tho House of Commons . Assam was the subject of inquiry , on which Colonel Voitch and Mr , Paterson Sauriders brought forward important evidence , Tho Hon . G . F . Edmonstone has taken ofilco as Lieutcniuit-Govornor of the north-west provinces . There is a strong 1 report in India of vrhnt is justly regarded as a retrograde stop—the abolition of the honorary magistracies , under , it is suid , orders from home , whereas the Lioutennnt-Govorhor is satisfied they are doing well . The reason assumed for this unfortunate measure is the assumption that tho
honorax'y magistracy makes an invidious distinction between Europeans and natives . It might just as rationally bo proposed to abolish justiaos of poaco in Canada on account , of tho French } in the Capo and Guiana on account of the Dutch , or in Trinidad on account of tho Spaniards , or in India itself to abolish tho justices of tho presidential ctylea . Why cannot natives work with Europeans as magistrates ; and what can ho a bottqr political training than to assoclato ono or two natives with each European , maklnu tho latter ono of the quorum ? In this way , too , preparation youid bo matlo for courts of qunrCor session and genoral session . The systom works well in all our colonies of mixed race , and thorq is no reason-, able ground against its working well in India . On
the other hand , the stipendiary systein checks the political growth of a country , and entails enormous expense . . One symptom of the improvement of India is the very great increase in the expenses of living in Calcutta . This partly arises from the influx of English for whom there is not adequate special accommodation , andpartly from tlie change taking place in prices throughout India , and which will in time retrieve the Government finances . In Calcutta they arestraitened for land for improvements . In Bombay the same complaint is made . " God Save the Queen " has been translated into Marahtta , and extensively circulated .
TJj > on those distinguished men , Lieutenant-Colonel Baird Smith and Major R . Strachey of the Engineers , the Governor-General has bestowed the compliment of appointing them members of the senate of the University of Calcutta . Sir John Lawrence complains , and not without reason , of the inefficient state of the Public Works Department in his government . The accounts are in confusion * there'is no substantial control , the bridges do not stand a , second rainy season , and the roads are perpetually want ing repair . This must always be the case , so long as the public works are left to uneducated military engineers and officers , and while India is deprived of a body of independent professional men . . .
. The new cantonment at Lucknow is in progress en a riatural ridge , admitting of good drainage . The people are awaiting the authorisation by the Government of the Oude Railway . At Bombay the company called the Vjegas Patent Slip Company is fully constituted , but -they want a better piece of ground , in which they arc supported by the municipal commissioners , but it is doubtful if the Government will accede to the request . The steamers are now running on the Indus , 800 miles froni ; Mooltan to Kurracliee ; but the complaints are great that they are inadequate to the traffic , overloaded , and take thirty days to get up the stream .
The Madras Chamber of Commerce has taken in , hand a most important measure inconsequence of the present confu'sipn of native weights and measures , and that is the establishment of English standards , as in the rest of the empire , and so as to work uniformly with the United States , and thus have the benefit of conformity with the great seats of commerce . In Bombay , notwithstanding the facilities for getting labour , rates of wages have so risen that arrangements are in progress for obtaining Chinese workmen from Hong-Kong . In Ceylon a scarcity of labour for public works is likewise felt , but tlie railway is proceeding with vigour . ¦ _ ..
The receipts of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway on the section opened shows a profit of upwards of 5 per cent , for the half year .
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376 THE LEADER . [ No . 469 , March Iq , 1859 .
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Leader (1850-1860), March 19, 1859, page 376, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2286/page/24/
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