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The battle lias been fought out ; no quarter has been given or asked : after seven days' conflict the hereditary opponents of Keform have gone down before the prowess of the younger and more daring spirit of the age—Progress . ^ _ ; A majority of thirty-nine has defeated the Ministerial measure on the second reading , Lord John Russell ' s resolution being carried without a division . The consequences , as far as the present Ministry , is concerned , will be seen in a few hours ; resignation or dissolution . The latter part of the debate was carried on with , a spirit and openness on the side of the Government worthy of the question at issuei After listening to the lavish advice and suggestions of the leading men of all parties in the House , ' Sir John Pakington and Lord Stanley both pledged the Ministry to accept the carrying of Lord John Russell ' s amen dnient as a vote of want of confidence ; but both reserved to Government the right of appealing from the verdict to the country at large—a right which , without doubt , they are at liberty to exercise , if , upon a nearer -view of the matter , they expect to gain anything by taking such a course . Perhaps the speech of Sir James Graham , delivered oh Monday evening , went nearest of any that has been made to lay down the sort of Reform Bill which the country is desirous to see carried . Sir Jarhes frankly admits that the old Whig notion of . finality is untenable . The Reform Bill of 1832 he justly looks upon as a very successful experiment , but nothing more ; and he sees clearly that it is dangerous , as well as unreasonable to withhold a considerable reduction of the borough franchise . The working classes are not what they were when the question , of Eeform was disposed of a quarter or a century ago , and Sir James has the honesty not to deny this great fact ; these classes , he says , have earned , the right to a share in the power of making the laws of the nation , under which they live . An effective extension of the franchise must be provided , and a rating or municipal suffrage , — --that is , a lengthened residence of three years , ai > d uninterrupted payment of rates for two and a half years—would , he is of opinion , be a safe basis , Who are the people who would be enfranchised ? The people who pay the interest on the whole national debt ; . "On the ground of taxation , therefore , " he says , " they are entitled to that right—on the ground of ancient usage , they nro entitled to that right—and oil the ground of proved character ana conduct , such as the Chancollor of the Exchequer allows to exist on their part— -growing intelligence , increase of numbers —regard this question Uow we will . I come back to the conclusion that a considerable inoreaso of the working classes in the elootion of members for soats in . Iboroughs is most expedient and most just . " Even the desire fox' the ballot—against which he hhnself retains his old objections—lie frankly admits , lias made rapid progress 5 and ho scouts the scheme of voting-papers proposed instead , ' as open to all the evils of secret voting , without any of the advantages anticipated from the operation of the ballot . Sir Jamos Graham's view of the position of the Reform question , in
fact , is precisely that of the great body of intelligent men who are demanding the recognition of their right of enfranchisement , and precisely that which will guide the majority of electors at the hustings , should the- Government call upon them to exercise their functions . The result of Thursday night ' s debate , though it takes nobody by surprise , has given rise to numerous suppositions as to the course which Ministers will take on Monday night . Of course , it is only a waste of words to dwell upon surmises and suppositions which the events of a few hours may prove to be erroneous ; the belief , however , that Ministers will resign rather than go to the country gains support from the fact that , after an interview of two hours' duration between Mr . Disraeli and Lord Derby , yestei'day , a Cabinet Council was held , and at its conclusion Lord Derby proceeded direct to Buckingham Palace , where he had an audience of the Queen . Overborne by the absorbing interest of the Reform debate , the other Parliamentary business of the week appears tame ; it has not been without importance * however . Lord John Russell ' s Bankruptcy Bill , which has the support of both the commercial and legal interests , lias gone into committee with the Lord Chancellor ' s Bill on the same subject . Out of the discussion and comparison of the two bills ought to come a really good measure for the remedy of long-admitted evils in the present system of adjudication in Bankruptcy and Insolvency cases . Another important subject has been dealt with in the House of Lords ; this is a bill for doing away with the necessity for a unanimity of jurors in civil cases . - The result of the division on the motion for the second reading of the bill marks the wholesome dread , felt by the Legislature at meddling with a system which has acted well , upon the whole , for many centuries . In Scotland a different system is employed , and , in civil cases , a verdict of nine out of twelve jurymen is taken after a deliberation of six hours . Mr . Dunlop has a bill before the House for reducing the time of deliberation to three hours , and the second reading passed without opposition , the change being favoured by both Scotch and English lawyers . / The course of S ' n John Trelawny ' s ChTirclvrates Total Abolition Bill appears likely to be somewhat diverted . Lord John Russell has taken the measure in hand , and has proposed a string of amendments , the effect of which will be to do away with the simplicity of the original measure . Lord John ' s anxiety is to provide for certain vested interests , rent-ehai'ges , ana so forth . The first amendment provides , moreover , that the bill , if passed , shall not come into opox * ation before the 1 st of January , 1861 . Sir Henry , Storks is not falling short of the promises which ho made at the outset of his Lord High Comniissionership 5 . he is dealing with the Ionians after the fashion of his namesake in the fable . Having deprived the people of their Parliament for six months , he has appointed a commission , with himself at the head , to inquire into all the public departments , with a view to discover what changes pun bo olToctad within the law . - ' A little difficulty is looming in the distance of Sierra Leone , whore there is a growing doske for
representative institutions , which has pronounced itself in a memorial to the Secretary ior the Colonies , prayin" - for a commission of inquiry . This proceedin g appears to have been received with very bad grace by the " official" party at Sierra Leone , who are said to have taken very offensive measures for putting down any expression of the public opinion . The affair , of which we shall , no doubt , soon hear more , will demand the immediate attention of the in-coming Colonial Secretary . The news from India confirms the intelligence brought by all the late mails , that the work . of pacification in Oucle has been very completely done . A telegram from Calcutta gives the number of the cannons and other arms that have been seized , or delivered up to the ' -British ., atxthorities , and it Sfives also the number oi the forts dismantled—a formidable list . Nana banib and his companion , the Begum , are still 111 IN epnul , uncaptured . Tantia Topee also continues to evade pursuit . In Central India a considerable number of rebels , including four generals and several other officers , have surrendered themselves to one of the Native Princes . Iir Bengal and in the North-Western Provinces , all is quiet . The most important part of the news , however , refers to the financial straits to which the Governor-General is reduced ; for many a long year this will be the great difficulty , m the path of the Imperial Government of India . At home , the revenue for the quarter , though showing a decrease of somewhat over 800 , 000 / . on account of the remitted income-tax , bears witness to the general prosperity of the country , as tested by its consuming power . In the Customs , in the Excise , and in the Post-oflxce , there is an increase ; and , but for the loss of the income-tax , the nation ' s accounts would have shown an increase of some two millions on the year ' s income . ,.,.. ¦ ..,. /» On the Continent , of course , the chief subject ot interest is the Japproaching Congress for the discussion and possible settlement of the Itfihan difficulty . An . opinion is generally ontertnined that the eiid of April will find the representatives of the Five Powers at their work . Meantime , - speculation is alive on the subject of the representation of Engl a ; Lord Malmesbury wns supposed to having taken upon himself that important office ; but the recent defeat of Ministers with itn contingent results may , even while wo write , have taken the matter out of the hands of Lord 'Derby ' s Government . One of the acts of Lord INItilmesbury ( supposing him to have ccasud to bo Foreign Secretary ) has had an important result . lie up-, pears to have ' called upon the Sardinian Govenmumt to declare that it has no intention of uUikiJciiu ? Austria ; and'Count Cavour has pulilwlied Jim answer : it is to the effect that , " AiihM-iu will , for the future , abstain from acts of ntftfiiMwion against Piedmont , Sardinia will give tho nwuroneu asked . " Wo believe that tho piynon : u ' . 'lP . V , ' the Sardinian people is suggested by tlint ¦ iu The most remarkable . oceurrunco . oi Hm wuuk has boon tho sudden ohango oi wauthor . U 11 Tuesday wo observed ants , drown to ( he » nriaoo ol tho ground by tho wnnnth oi tho nun : on Wodnosday wo saw tho country nbout London covered with throe or four inches of hai ;< 1- rozen snow 1 it is tho complete roalisation of Thomson ' s cloeoription of early Spring .
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THE LEADE 1 .
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REVIEW OF THE WEEKHOME INTEIiMGENCE . PAGE Imperial Parliament ........ 420 Gatherings from Law and Police Courts ....... 42-3 Criminal Record 424 Accidents ; * - * Ireland ..-- ; *~* Naval and Military .....-... ..... 424 FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE . Continental Notes 424 Foreign Summary 42 o The new French Commercial Credit Society .................. 427 Another Nile Expedition 427 1
LITERATUREReview of the Week ; .... 428 American Literature .. . 429 The . New Quarterly 429 Round the Sofa 430 The Bertrams 430 The Magazines 431 Books Received .. ' ................ 431 PUBLIC AFFAIRSThe Reform Debate .... 4-33 The Russo-French Alliance ..... 433 Modern Legislation . 434 Street "Views of Italy-= No . 4 ^ = » . ' Papal States 434 Mill on Political Freedom 435
ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCEThe Confessional 430 ¦• ' Germany ........ 4 . 57 FINE ARTS- ¦ ¦ Marylebone Institution ; .. 437 THEATRES AND ENTERTAINMENTSPrincess ' s 437 St . James ' s Hall 4 JW Chips 43 S INDIA AND INDIAN PROGRESSCotton in India ........ 439 Notes on Indian Progress 439 Latest Indian . Intelligence .. 440
COMMERCIALGold and the Franchise . ' . . 4-iJ Money Market 44-General Trade Report 4-1 'i Home , Colonial and Foreign 1 ' ro-r diice Markets ,. 443 Railway Intelligence 4 M Joint Stock Companies ...... 4 43 Stocks and Shares 444 Commercial Miscellaneous 4 ±± Facts and Scraps 437 Miscellaneous i 4 : $ 7 Postscript .. ¦ 432-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 2, 1859, page 419, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2288/page/3/
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