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proofs . Courage , then , and union I Ourcountryis again about to show the world that she has not degenerated . Providence mil bless our efforts , for that cause is holy in the eyes of God which rests on justice , humanity , love of country , and indejfendence . " . . ' . . Prince Napoleon , it appears , is not to command the Imperial Guard ; that would have been almost too much for the Parisians . A rather remarkable fact is , that the crowd who accompanied the troops to the railway on several occasions amused . themselves by singing the " Marseillaise " without interference from the police . The Empress on Monday assembled in one of the settles of the Palace of the Tuileries the Cent Gardes who are to accompany her august consort to the field , and made them a speech .
The Moniteur , of Wednesday , contains the following decree : — ' " 3 rd . The loan of 500 , 000 , 000 f . is to be contracted by national subscription . It will be a 3 per cent , loan at 60 50 , with interest from December last ; or a 4 £ per cent , loan issued at 90 , with interest payable from March last . The instalments are to be paid as follows : —One-tenth at the time of subscribing , and the remainder in eighteen monthly calls . The minimum subscription to be taken is 1 Of ., which subscription alone will be allotted in full . The Minister of Finance states in his report , accompanying this decree , that the condition of the public treasury is most favourable , and that the resources at his disposal would allow him , without encroaching upon funds necessary for usual current services , to devote 300 million francs to war expenses .
The Emperor ' s departure is again delayed , it is said , until TuesJay . . : He gave a farewell reception at the Tuileries last evening to a party of about 650 . Rear-Admiral Dupony has this day received orders to leave Paris for Toulon , to take the command of the imperial yacht Heine Hartense . It is not doubted that the Emperor will go to Italy in this vessel . M . Robert , master of bequests of the second class in the Council of State , will accompany his Majesty to Italy in the capacity of Sscretary . Dr .- Cohneau accompanies the Emperor as his principal physician . M . de Iiaguerronniere is spoken of as historiographer . He will very likely compose the bulletins proclaiming the victories of the French army , and which Paris and all France will look for with so much Impatience . The Emperor has decided that Austrian subjects may continue their residence in France and the French colonies as long as their conduct shall not furnish reason for complaint . '
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5 S 2 THE LEADER . [ No . 476 , May 7 , 185 Q :
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TUSCANY" . The peaceful revolution in tho Grnml Duch . v-is complete ? A despatch from Florence snys t wit W provisional Government installed in tho n > moot Victor Emmanuel , carries on its business reg . ilory-The country is perfectly tranquil . A * teai " ? L 3 Genoa brings tfie text 9 f a proclamation addifssea to the Tuscan army , inviting it to await tie jiSJJ of Piedmont to march in a . compact l > o . b , i-, w strong , to her aid . A similar proelamn Ion lias been addressed to the troops in tho llomns nft . £ J « Tuscan Moniteur describes various mi it . u-y "I 103 J vres on the part of tho battalions o the 1 >< -. tuc sharpshooters , and artillery of the ;^» « " "J'S ^ r undertaken that " they may render t \ von s « hosfltwr for the campaign , and may fight tho n ° « , $ ; ively for tho cause of Italian W * XnhaZacceito& King of Sardinia announces that ho has ^ [ j . the military dictatorship of Tuscany solo 1 ; M o mou tate tho co-operation of tho Tuscans i 1 the jar independence , and also to protect public older .
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PARMA , In thia prinoipalUy , on Saturday , a P » W ^* festo was made by tho populace . T o offloorj ^ tho name of the army , demanded tho union ot w
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SARDINIA . VICTOR EMMANUEL ' S PJBOCLAMATIOJi "—CONFLICT OX THE BANKS OF THE PO . On Saturday the King of Sardinia ' s proclamation to his faithful Piedmontese was posted far and wide throughout his dominions . ¦ " Austria , " says he , " while making profession of a love of peace , attacks us , and refuses the jurisdiction of a European Congress . She violates her promises made to England ; she asks us to reduce our army , arid to abandon the brave volunteers who have flocked from nil parts of Italy to defend the sacred flag of Italinn independence . I confide the Government to my well beloved cousin , and I resume my sword . Tho valiant troops of the Emperor Napoleon , my generous ally , will fight for liberty and justice side by side with us . Peoples orltaly J Austria now openly tears up those treaties which Bhe has never herself observed . Let us rely upon the justice of public opinion . I have no other ambition than that of being the first soldier of Italian independence . "
The letter of an intelligent observer dated Turin , Monday , sums up the position thus : —The Austrians have not yet occupied Vercelli , but are endeavouring to establish themselves in the triangle formed by tho Po , the Ticino , and the Sesia . Thejr are roughly estimated at 70 , 000 strong . There are symptoms of their intention to advance on the right side of the Po against a place called Frassinetto , and invest tho fortress of Casale ; but the Sardinian troops are so veil posted there , that in case of urgency they could bo concentrated on any spot threatened by the enemy between Casalo and
Genoa . -The Sardinian headquarters are at San Salvatoro , which is an eminence that overlooks and commands A . wide extent . Tho King arrived there yesterday evening . Including tho arrivals of this day , the French will bo between sixty-five and seventy thousand strong at the least before night , as fast as thoy land at Genoa , they come on to Turin , or are distributed along our lino pf defence at the sovoral points . General Gyulai has issued a proclamation to tho plodnlohtoso , in which , amongst other things ; ho tolls them that ho has come to liberate them from the revolutionary party . Thero aro some
persons who think that the Austrians are . meditating a retreat , and that their movements are merely a blind . " This threatened attack on Frassinetto has taken place . A telegram received yesterday says : — - " The attempt of the Austriaria to effect the passage of the Po at Frassinetto commenced on the 3 rd . The cannonade lasted fifteen hours > and was recommenced on Wednesday afternoon , and lasted for
the remainder of the day . The Piedmontese only had a few wounded , whilst the Austrians experienced much loss . Four thousand Austrians were yesterday at Castelnova-Scrivia . " The Nord says that , to check the march of the Austrians upon Turin , the Sardinian Government has not only inundated all the plains of Sesia , but has destroyed the bridges and interrupted the communication by cutting trenches * at distances of 100 metres from each other , across the road .
The funeral of General Bouat took place at Turin on Sunday , in the presence of the-, civil and military authorities . The loss of this general officer has caused universal regret amongst both Piedmontese and French . ' _ Meanwhile , the independence of Italy under Victor Emmanuel has been inaugurated by putting an end to the liberty of the press . . The Piedmontese Gazette of the 29 th ult , publishes a decree issued by Prince Eugene of Savoy Carignan , now Royal lieutenant of Piedmont , by which restrictions are laid on the press during the war . No particulars of strategeticai operations are to be given , unless previously published by the official journal . Newspapers and pamphlets are not to be cried in the streets , and no bills are to be placarded announcing the publication of any work without a special permission .
The 10 th of May is suggested as the probable day , by which the Emperor of the French will have arrived at Turin and have taken command of his army . : By order of the Prince of Savoy Carignan , the festival Of the Piedmontese Constitution , which was to have taken place on the 8 th , is adjourned until further orders . Specie payments have been suspended in Piedmont by Royal decree . The National Bank are to lend the Government 1 , 200 , 000 k A private letter has been received in the city from Genoa , announcing that on Saturday last all the Austrian vessels in the port were -sequestrated .
* English opinions are , it appears , not the fashion at present in Italy . A correspondent writes from Genoa : " A feeling somewhat hostile to England and the English prevails now throughout the country , and he who has a key to Italian hearts , from his knowledge of the language and from a free and intimate intercourse with people of all ranks , must needs perceive that the immense popularity enjoyed by our country in constitutional Piedmont is , to say the least , greatly on the wane . "
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AUSTRIA . TUB NEW FINANCIAL , MEASURES ; THE EMPEHOU ' S MANIFESTO . The movement of troops in Austria to the south has become so great that the railway leading from Vienna to Italy is almost altogether taken up by the trains conveying reinforcements , so that it has become necessary to stop all private traffic for the period from the 28 th of April to the" 9 th of May , except that for which accommodation can be found in the two daily mail trains . In regard to the sinows of war , the official Wiener Zcitung of Saturday published the following financial decrees ;¦ . —The income tax of the third class is to be retained by the payment office immediately upon tho interest on tho public funds being paid . A lpan
to me by Divine Providence . " It goes o n to s » v that in spite of the generosity and good intentions of which Austria has given so many proofs duriner the last ten years , the hostility of Piedmont has continually augmented , and has recently displayed itself in a most especial * manner by extreme agitation and revolutionary propagandism . The manifesto alludes to the efforts of diplomacy to bring about an arrangement , adding that the refusal of Piedmont to agree to a disarmament had rendered an-appeal to arms necessary . He speaks of the horrors of war , but savs that the monarch must repress the impulses of his heart when honour and duty call upon him to
march , when an armed enemy is upon his frontiers united with all those subversive parties whose object is to appropriate the Austrian States of Italy to themselves , and when the Sovereign of Francej meddling , under frivolous pretexts , with the affairs of the Italian peninsula , is sending troops to the succour of our , enemy , and when many detachments of his army have already crossed the Sardinian frontier . After an impassioned appeal to the patriotism of Austria , the manifesto concludes in these words : — " We hope not to remain isolated in this contest . The soil on which we are about to fight is steeped in the blood of our brothers of Germany ; that country was conquered as a German rampart , and has been maintained
as such to this day . It is always upon that ground that the most dangerous enemies of Germany commence their attempts to destroy its internal power . The feeling that such a danger is now imminent prevails in all parts of Germany , from the hut to the throne , from one frontier to the other . I speak as a sovereign member of the Germanic Confederation when I call attention to the common danger , and recall to memory the glorious times in which Europe had to thank the general and fervent enthusiasm of Germany for its liberation . —For God and Fatherland ! Given at my residence and metropolis of Vienna on this 28 th day of April , 1859 . — Francis Joseph . "
The Emperor of Austria has addressed , an order of the day to the troops under the command of General Gyulai . He says—Soldiers of the second army , it is for you to carry to victory the unstained flags of Austria . March to the combat with the blessing of God and the confidence of your Emperor . On entering ' - ' the Piedmontese territory , General Gyulai published a proclamation , in which he states that the Piedmontese shall be treated with the greatest consideration . The Emperor of Austria is preparing to take the command-in-chief of the Austrian army with General Hess . The latter , it is said , does not approve of General Gyulai ' s plan of attack . On each side the most formidable preparations are being made for
an on . . A proclamation has been issued by General Wimpfen , announcing to the inhabitants that the defence of Trieste and the Illyrian coast has been entrusted to him by the Emperor , l ' art of the gendarmery of Comb , ' who had received Mnuv naes from the Austrian Government , with orders torepair to Milan , have deserted to the Piedmontese . An order has been issued by the authorities of Milan commanding the citizens to deliver up all arms which may be in their possession . . Venice , Verona , and Trieste , together with tno surrounding territory , and the districts ot Iisino and Goriza , have been declared in a state ot siege , General Gyulai has already nssunfcJ the . Junctions of' Governor-General , in the place of thei Ai » duke Maximilian . The Hereditary Prince ot luscany has arrived at Venice .
of two hundred million florins is ordered , but as the contract is for the present impossible , the National Bank will advance two-thirds of the nomi > - nal value of tho loan in now notes . Tho third decree releases the National Bank for the present from tho obligation to meet their notqs by specie payments ; and another orders , that tho duties and certain excise dues must for the future be paid in silver or in payable coupons of the National Loan . M . do Bonnevillo took leave of Count Buol on Monday afternoon , and with the other members of the French embassy , loft Vienna at seven in the evening . On tho same day the Austrian Ambassador ' at Paris , M . do Hubner , was instructed by telegraph to quit Paris .
Tho manifesto addressed by tho Emperor of Austria to tho entire population of hia empire commences with these words : — " To my people c—I have given orders to my brave and faithful army to but an oi \ d , to tho attacks which a neighbouring State , Sardinia , has been for several years past in the habit of making upon the undoubted rights of my crown and . tho integrity of the empire confided
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 7, 1859, page 582, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2293/page/6/
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