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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The additional notes are exceedingly valuable and entertaining . Constitutionai . Pbess has some amusing articles , and one oh Mr . Charles Keari- ^ a biography—which fails in discrimination . The writer , in his allusion to the fox and the goose , evidently is not aware of the individuality of the fox . But these things will happen where theatres are concerned . Rouxxeixje ' s IzxtrsTBATED Natukal History , Part TV ., looks well , and is finely and copiously illustrated . " Knight ' s English Ctci . oi > . ei > ia still maintain * its distinction of superior merit . Part VI . takes us into letter C of the alphabet , and includes some sound articles .
. Bevcte Independante has a good paper on the Liberal Party in France , and is otherwise instructive . Revue Bkitannique , No . 6 , is rich in original articles and extracts . Casseli / s Illustrated Family Bible . Part II ., is excellent ; as is also Part IV . of" Cassell ' s Popular Natural History . " Thiers' History of the Great Frenou Revolution has advanced to Part H ., which i * illustrated by a portrait of Egalite .
Poetical Works of Thomas Moore , Part IV . of Longman ' s edition , contains the Juvenile poems , and poems relating to America ,
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Aii > to Science-Ixstruction . —The following minute has been recently passed by the . Committee of Council on Education . "My lords proceed to revise the minutes which have been passed in the Science and Art Department for the encouragement of scientific instruction among the industrial classes of this country who have already received primary education .. ( 1 . ) All former minutes relating to science or trade schools , and scientific class-instruction , except those referring to navigation , public lectures , and the training of teachers ( as hereafter appended ) , are hereby cancelled , and the following regulations are substituted in their place . ( 2 . ) The Science and Art Department will hereafter assist the
industrial classes of this country in supplying themselves with instruction in the rudiments of—( 1 . ) Practical and descriptive geometry , with mechanical and machine drawing , and building construction . ( 2 . ) Physics . ( 3 . ) Chemistry . ( 4 . ) Geology and mineralogy ( applied to mining ) . ( 5 . ) Natural history . By augmentation grants in aid of salary to competent teachers , and by payments and prizes on successful results , and grants for apparatus , &c . 3 . Any school or science class , either existing or about to be established , and duly approved by the Science and Art Department , may apply , through its managers , for a certificated teacher , or for the certification of any teacher , in any one or more of the above
branches of science . 4 . Examinations for certificates of three grades of competency to teach any of the above-named sciences will be held annually by the department , in the last week of November , in the metropolis : as follows :- ^ -No ? . 1 , 2 , and 5 , at South Kensington . No . 3 , at the Royal College of Chemistry , Oxford-street . No . 4 , at the School of Mines , Jermyn-street . 5 . Annual grants , in augmentation of salaries of teachers so certified to teach in any of the above mentioned sciences , will be given as follows : —For the 1 st grade of competency 20 / ., 2 nd do . \ 5 l ., 3 rd do . 10 / . Any teacher holding a certificate of competency to give primary instruction will receive , from the Science and Art Department , a
sum equal to the augmentation grant which has been attached to such certificate , in addition to the grants above mentioned . 6 . Such grants will only be made while the teacher is giving instruction in a school or science class for the industrial classes , approved by the department . 7 . Thd department will require that suitable premises shall Ibe found and maintained at the cost of the locality whero the school or class is hold ; that the " names of ten students shall be entered whose fees for half a year shall have been paid iu advance ; and that the local managers shall guarantee , for the support of the schools and teachers , from fees or local funds , a sum . at least equal to the grants bo long as they shall be paid . If at any time neither fees of pupils nor local iunds cover the
requisite amount , it must be inferred that there is no demand for instruction in the above named sciences , in that locality , which the Government is justified In aiding $ and the assistance of the department will be withdrawn ,, 8 . Every school or class having a certified teacher will be inspected and examined once « , year . by the department , and Queen ' s prizes of an . honorary kind will bo awarded to successful students . 9 . Payments will be made to the teacher on each first- * Class Queen ' s prize obtained by the student , Zl . j on wen second class , 2 / , and on each third class , 1 / . 10 . A grant towards the purchase of apparatus , fittings , dagraniB , £ c . of 00 per cent , on the cost of them , will continue tp be afforded to sohoola and classes in Mechanic ' s and similar institutions . "
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. - — : m TRADE PROSPECTS . TMPEDED as our trade is by the war on the J- Continent , which threatens to impede it still more , and ill-advised as is the Legislature , which refuses to relieve shipping and trade , by amending or repealing the liberticide ForeignEnlistment Act , and persists in making the State responsible finair the misbehavour of individuals , it is satisfactory to notice the fine weather and the promise of good harvests , both at home and abroad . Heaven , smiling on man ' s peaceful industry , will help to compensate for the niiscbief of misrule and calamitous war . With a good harvest there will be increased quantities of food to be exchanged ; there will be more subsistence ; there will be an encouragement to population , and society will prosper , in spite of its despotic and quarrelsome
of City intelligence we find London Dock Stock noticed as receiving a dividend of 3 per cent ., and Colonial Bank Stock receiving 8 . Generally , excepting the Manchester and some other manufacturers , persons engaged in active production , including almost all traders , make a less per centage of profits than the mere money dealers . The explanation , we apprehend , is that , as the rule , the active traders have not capital sufficient to carry on tlieir business , and capital they must have , though they obtain it at a sacrifice . They are >>•• . __ •_ a _ 11 J— ™—^ — . a / ± «* 3 T An / lAn : T * i r */» lr ft-ffk /^ lr
obliged to borrow largel y and pajr comparatively high for the accommodation . This is a representation of the condition of traders and Other producers of late through a considerable period . The active trading classes , like the bulk of the farmers , have been carrying on business on borrowed capital ; they are all , as the rule , an indebted race ; thej compete against one another for capital , and the consequence is that they gain proportionably less , notwithstanding their active exertions , than the comparatively idle money capitalist .
masters ^ . Our great trade to the East Indies and China continues to flourish , and . we may notice , with no little satisfaction , that the large expenditure by our Government in both countries , in consequence of war and mutiny , finds some compensation—though this end was in no inan ' s thoughts— -in a great increase of traffic . So most of the occurrences Avhich our short sight regai'ds as evil , when seen in all their consequences , turn out to be beneficial . If they press heavy at some particular time , on individuals , dragging them to ruin or death , they promote the advancement of society . _ _ " .
. „ From our Australian colonies we have further and fresh accounts of the successful navigation of the rivers Murray and Dorling for 1 , 200 miles of a tortuous course , but far enough in a straight line to reach into the heart of the country , and open a ready communication with thousands of square miles of " fertile runs " in " Victoria , partially occupied , from the sea at Port Adelaide , South Australia . New and large are ^ s are opened to the successful industry of the colonists , and of the emigrants who continue to flock from the mother country , always enlarging our markets . From Vancouver ' Island , too , and the Fraser River , we
have favourable news , though the quantities ^ of gold found there do not come up to the original fabulous representations . The gold found , however , is inducing an examination of the country , and its slow but sure settlement and improvement . We find an example of authorities there being no wiser than here . The following anecdote shows colonial wisdom to be on a par with Horse Guards wisdom , throttling our soldiers by black chokers , and stifling them under an Indian sun by polar clothing ^ : — " In the bosonq of a well-timbered mountain , " say a a correspondent o the Daily News , writing from Lytton city , fort of Eraser ,
" about six miles from Yale , y ve came . upon a loghut , in which some enterprising Yankees have opened a refreshment house , where all drinks , from coffee to chain lightning , can . be obtained , and are most keenly desiderated ; fbr with true down-eas , t ' cuteness the location was chosen at a point only approachable on either side by a tremendous ascent , so that the comers or goers are subjected to the same thirsty provocatives , and like the man who maintained * that good fish deserved a drink , and bad fish required it , ' all travellers , I believe , indulged in libations on their arrival . It was rather a puzzler ( and perhaps the embarrassment was mutual ) how the judge could be entertained ,
seeing that the hquse was unlicensed ; but Yankee tact came to the rescue . The dignitary and his train were treated as guestS j while the others , indulging coram judice , wove given the spirits gratia , but charged for the water , which docs not require a magisterial permission to vend it . " A license to deal in anything in these half-tenanted regions , borrowed from our objectionable plan of conferring a monopoly on brewers , or limiting the publican ' s trade by an excise , oven beats the absurdities still persisted in by the Horse Guards as traditional wisdom .
A fact connected with pur own trade which deserves notice is , that banking and other busi * nesses , dealing exclusively with capitat , continue to pay their 8 or 10 per cent , per annum , while docks and railways , and other means of earning money—or by which ultimately all the dividend on banks and other capital must be pniddo not yield half the amount . In the same column
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Friday Evening . The great news of the day had no immediate effect on the money market . Prbspectively , should it lead tf ^ peace , its effects will be very considerable . The payment of the dividends on Consols and other stocks to bankers and others , which began two days ago , had a much greater influence on the market than the armistice , and contributed to render it very easy . The terms are 2 J per cent , to discount the best bills . But , whether there be peace or war , this ease is not likely to continue . Trade and Governments , by way of loans , will increase theirdemands , which will prevent any further fall . The expectation that the Bank of England would reduce bills
its minimum rate for discounting was proved to have been erroneous , the Bank not having done it . lln truth , gold is going out of the country , and it is not probable that the present ease in the moneymarket will continue . The Bank probably knows that , were it to lower the rate next week , it would be obliged in a week or two afterwards to again raise the rate . The news of the armistice has already revived the hopes of many traders : they are no longer eager sellers of commodities ; and tohold them will lead to a Tise of prices , and to an increased demand for money . Putting out of view the sums Government may require to wind up the war , or to carry it on , it does not seem likely that money will long continue abundant . to there
Tn the Stock Exchange -day was great ex citement , and stocks of all kinds of railway shares rese considerably . The state of the account—whichwas a bear one—made the sellers for account , as this was the last day , extremely eager to buy back stock they had sold , and this gave a great impulse to the stock market . Consols being very scarce , went up to 95 , but before the close of the day the price receded to 94 J . Rails , and other shares , remained firm at the highest point they reached , and did not , like tlie Consol market , go back before tlie end of the day . The general rise is an index of what would be the consequence of a peace and what are the evil consequences of war to the fortunes of those who own large masses of public securities . They suffer from war , and should endeavour to preserve peace .
The Paris Bourse , at its opening , seems to liave been as much excited as was our Stock Exchange Rentes : Three per Cents , went up to OG for 25 c . The shares of the Credit Mobilier rose to 74 Of , and Lombards ennneat 500 , which ie fair while they are 1 $ premium in our market . There was more animation in the Stock Exchange to-day , and probablymore business done than on any day for many
weeks . The Bank accounts , on next page , will show the effects of the commencement of the payments of the dividends on the resources of the Bank .
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This fine weather makes a dull corn market . Otherwise the news of an armistice spread much cheerfulness over all markets , and revived and strengthened many dormant hopes . We may expect , should tlie armiatico lead to a peace , henceforward a continual improvement in our marketsgreater activity , and somewhat higher prices . At least men hopo this will be tlio case . In the we « k all markets have been dull , and only to-d * y Iwv © they assumed n cheerful appearance . As yet , howover , little business has been done ; prices remain steady , but people are far moro reluctant to sell than they were . For silk there has been a brisk demand in the week , without any Assignable causes . There wo
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824 THE LEAPEB . [ No . 485 . July 9 , 1859 . ——^^—^——¦ M^^—^^——^—^^ Wi ^^ M ^* ^^^—^*^^^^^^^^^ ¦ ¦
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GENERAL TRADE REPORT .
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Leader (1850-1860), July 9, 1859, page 824, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2302/page/20/
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