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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ TEE PEAC& On Tuesday fast in all the capitals of Europe arrived the following telegraphic despatch which had been transmitted from Paris : ¦— - . A ' v " The Emperor to the Empress . — A treaty of peace has teen signed between the Emperor of Austria arid myself . The conditions of peace are the following : — ' An Italian Confederation , under the honorary presidency of the Pope . The Emperor of Austria gives up his rights over Lombardy to the Emperor of the French , who remits them to the King of Sardinia . The Emperor of Austria keeps Venetia , but it is to form a part of the Italian Confederation . A general amnesty . '"
The same clay an extra sheet of the Dresden Journal publishes a despatch from Verona announcing that the preliminary conditions of peace had been signed by the two Emperors , while the official bulletin of Turin published the text of the convention of armistice . It is said the belligerent armies will keep the positions which they now occupy . The railways to Verona , Peschiera . and Mantua were , during the armistice , to be used to carry provisions to those fortresses . The works , offensive and defensive , of . Peschiera are to remain in their present state . The convention was signed ty Generals Vaillant , Martimpruy , della Rocoa , Hess , and Mensdorff .
The Austrian Correspondence says that Austria and France will support the formation of an Italian ¦ Confederation , to which Austria accedes . Lqmbardy , as far as the line of the Mincio , is to be given up . Mantua , Peschiera , BorgofOrti , and the whole of Venetia , remain Austrian possessions . The Princes of Tuscany and Modena are to return to their states . The Constitutionnel , on the other hand , says Peschiera and Mantua form part of Lombardy , and are consequently ceded to the King of Piedmont . On Tuesday the preliminary conditions of the treaty of peace with France were signed by both Sovereigns .
- The Emperor Napoleon was expected to arrive at Paris on Thursday or to day . He was to proceed direct from tlie Lyons station to St . Cloud , postponing his formal entry into Paris until the return of the army . In the meantime deputations are preparing to welcome the Emperor at his summer residence .
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American Nbws . —The War Department have received news , from Utah .- The Mormons were nuc very peacefully inclined , and had on frequent occasions threatened vengeance upon the army . Gen . Johnson , however , did not apprehend any trouble . A frightful railway disaster had occurred to a train from Chicago , about two miles east of South Bend . Indiana . The tnUnof six cars was totally demolished , and over seventy passenger ^ kil . lod . Sixty dead , bodies had been recovered at latest dates . Urotn Saint Louis , we hear that Mr . Wise started on . the 1 st , to make his first air voyage to Europe ; weather was favourable , and * he balloon took the d > root | otti of Lake Erie . Cincinnati , 2 nd . Wises balloon passed six miles off Port Wayne , at four this moralng . Cleveland , 2 nU . The bulloon passed AanporD some miles from here , and was soon nearly to touch water . It rose again , and disappeared iu a northeasterly direction .
"GuNiSiux" Wai . keh again !— " Information has been received from ft sourco rogardod as thoroughly reliable , giving tho mirUeulnra of the contoraplated fllibustor doseon t on Nicaragua . The names of cortain parties who sustain Walkor with arms and money are glvon , and tho enjoyment of tho bonoflta of the transit routo is to compensate in part for tho oxponses thus incurred . It is stated that the expedition will start by tho middle of August , and that * party of filibusters will rendezvous At Florida , wad be convoyed to Central America in tho ScotUw * .
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AUSTRIA AND THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION . The proposition unexpectedly made by Austria to the Frankfort Diet , to appoint the Prince Regent oi Prussia Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the Confederation , has caused great astonishment and indignation at Berlin . Prussia wants to see tht federal contingents united to her army , but the Austrian proposition is to lasso the Regent of Prussia , and drag him down from his independent position , as head and director of a European state of tht first order , to that of an officer of the Germanic Confederation , in which Austria has a majority 01
votes . Reasons ^ on tiie Peace . —Parisian quidnunc * gossip in this wise : —" Giving all due value to the nioderation and magnanimity of the Emperor Napoleon , or to his compassion for the unfortunate condition of the Airstrians , both morally and physically , there may be a variety of other reasons whj both parties were not indisposed to embrace the first favourable opportunity for suspending hostilities . We know that the Emperor Napoleon has been greatly affected by the losses he , all victorious as he is , has sustained in these campaigns , and of which h
pained by the mass of human suffering , e could hardly have had a conception before . We are also informed that typhus fever is raging in both camps . It is affirmed that there are 10 , 000 or 11 , 000 attacked with it in the victorious army . Then , again , it is pretty certain that the conduct of Victor Emmanuel and M . Cavour has given anything but satisfaction to the Etnperor , and would , if persisted in , most seriously commit'him with those whose enmity would be most inconvenient ; and also , perhaps , the certainty that if the war continued it would soon become general . "
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No . 486 , July lfti 1859 . 1 THE LEADER . 835
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Affairs in Sveia . —A letter dated Mount Lebanon , June 23 , says , " I have been moving about in various parts of this mountain , partly for the purpose of what the Syrians call to sham- el-kowa ( smell the wind—or , as we say , cliange of air ) , and partly for investigating the actual and real state of the silk crop in these silk-growing regions . Nothing can be more lamentable than the results of niy investigations . With the single exception of a small district near the sea-coast , which does not produce more than twenty thousand okes—which , in . round numbers you may call 50 , 000 lbs . of cocoons , I have not seen a single mulberry plantation , nor an estate , that ' will this year have more than one-eighth , of an average crop . I should say that the whole silk crop throughout Lebanon and the adjacent districts will not exceed this year more than onetenth , perhaps not so much , of an ordinary average year . Syad Pacha , the Viceroy of Egypt , left on the 17 th , after a sojourn of about a week in Beyrout . He has returned to Alexandria : The people of the mountain all believe that his coming was to spy out the nakedness of the land , and the report all over Lebanon is that he is to return and take possession of the country , and will be supported by France and Russia ; the former having the Maronite and Greek Catholic population ftt its back , the latter the members of the Greek church . Moreover , so say the mountaineers , England will endeavour to prevent tliis , and will have the Druses and Moslems to support her , so that the old fighting days of 1840 may be looked for again . "
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The Sultan ' s Tour , —A despatch from Constantinople , dated the Oth of July , says : ¦— " Tho voyage of the Sultan is decided upon . His Highness will be accompanied by his sons , Murad and Abdil Aziz , and by Fuad Pacha , Minister of Toroign Affairs . The Sultan will visit Smyrna , Syria ., Egypt , and Malta . M . Thouvenoi is oxpcctoa here ; ho was to stay at Athens . Tho political sky is calm . Tub Lath Kjno > of Sweden . — Tlie telegraph Informs us that King Oscar I . died on Friday at Stockholm , having just completed hie sixtieth' year . Illness had prevented him . from talcing any active port In tho government of his kingdom since the month of September , 1837 , Tho deceased monaroli was the son of Bornadofcto ( or Oh » rloa John XX v . ; , to whom lie succeeded . Ui 1844 .
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MILITARY INSURRECTION AT NAPLES . On the 9 th inst . some Swiss troops mutinied in the barracks , and killed the colonel of the 4 th Regiment and several officers . They afterwards repaired to the Royal Palace , but a , battalion of Chasseurs and a regiment of Hussars posted there forced them to fall back as far as tho Champ de Mars , where they were surrounded . Tho General Commauder-m-CJuef of tho Swiss callod upon them to surrender , but they replied by a discharge of firearms , wounding the general and about twenty privates . GUweral Nunzianto theii gave orders to fire on the mutineers with grapo , by which seventy-five were killed and 233 wounded . The . King is at . present residing at Naples . 1 , 800 men belonging to the Swiss regiments havo since been dismissed , and are about to leave for Marseilles , on their way home , with tho consent , of the French minister .
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Tire Adriatic . —We have received some details of the unsuccessful bombardment of Zai ; a by a French frigate . The ship captured by the Austrians , the restoration of which the French intended to enforce by the bombardment , -was subsequently given up by them when the armistice became known , and on the express order of the Emperor of Austria . The Artillerist ' s Victory . —Francis Joseph himself is reported to have told General Fleury that the battle of Solferino cost the Austrian army forty-five thousand men . It would be almost incredible were there not 1 , 650 officers in tbe hospitals of Verona . The Ernperor is further reported to have said to General Fleury , " Nous ne pouvons pas hitter contre votrcartillerie . " It seems that the greatest losses were sustained in tho reserves , which , although placed far oflf , were even more cut up than the first line .
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KOSSUTH AND KLAPKA , Tjies . e individuals , according to private letters from Turin , have both been detained at that place under the strictest surveillance of the Trench police , to whom instinct , no doubt , taught that if a treaty wa , 3 about to be signed between France and Austria , it would not be wise to suffer the two perturbatbrs of Hungarian peace to run off to Hungary . We hear of no stipulations in favour of Hungary , nor indeed of any other nationality . We must conclude , then , that MM . Kossuth , Klapka , and the other Hungarian patr i ots who figured lately , were introduced merely to hasten the denoueinent of the melodrama . —¦
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VICTOR EMMANUEL AND CAVOUR . A TJBLiiGiiAM from Turin announces that Count Cavour has tendered his resignation * which has boon accepted by tho King . Count Arose has been Charged to form a , now Cabinet . Cavour , tho leader of tho national party in Italy , has made known his opinion of the peace by resigning his ministry . There could bo no doubt as to the course which that high-spirited minister would'take . It w < ui with , Appeals and promises to
Italy that the war was commenced , and it . is- before Italy that the pacification must be justified . Count Cavour declines to say that this is a righteous peace . That his patriotic sentiments are shared by his colleagues , we learn from the Peidmontese Gazette of Thursday , which announces that the Ministers of the King have tendered their resigna ^ tions , holding office only till the formation of the new Cabinet . The Xing of Sardinia has arrived at Milan , where he was received with plaudits and cries of " Vivail Re" by the populace . The same evening the following proclamation was posted up in Milan : —r " The King to the people of Lombardy . —Heaven has blessed our arms . With the powerful aid of
our magnanimous and valiant ally , the Emperor Napoleon , we arrived in a few days , after victory upon victory , at the banks of the Mincio . To-day I come back among you . to tell you the happy news that Heaven has granted your wishes . An armistice , followed by the preliminaries of peace , assures to the people of Lombardy their independence . According to your desire , so many times expressed , you will henceforth form , with our ancient states , one single and free family . I will take your destiny under my direction , and hope to find in you that concurrence which the chief of a state needs in order to create a new administration . Men of Lombardy , trust to your King . Established on solid and imperishable bases , he will procure happiness for the hew countries which Heaven has intrusted to his Government . " ¦ > . .
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NAPOLEON'S PROCLAMATION . The following proclamation was published in the Monittur , of Thursday : — " Soldiers , —The bases of peace have been settled , with the Emperor of Austria . The principal object of the war . is attained ; Italy is about for the first tuna to become a nation . A confederation of all the Italian States , under the honorary presidency of the Holy Father , will collect into one ' fascia ' the members of one and the same family . Venetia , it is true , remains under the sceptre of Austria ; she will nevertheless be an
Italian province , forming part of the confederation . " The junction of Lombardy to Piedmont creates for us on this side of the Alps a powerful ally , ¦ who will owe Uis independence to us \ the Governments that have taken no part in . the movement , or that have been recalled to their possessions , will comprehend the necessity of salutary reforms , A general amnesty will obliterate the traces of civil discords . Italy , henceforth the mistress of her destinies , will only have to accuse herself should she not progress rogularly in order and freedom .
" You will soon return to France : a grateful country will tlicro receive with trans / port those soldiers who have raised so high the glory of our firms at Montebello , Palestro , Tiirbigo , Magenta , Marignano , and Soferino * who in two months have freed Piedmont . and Lombardy , and have only stopped because the contest was about to assume proportions no longer in kooping with the interests that France had in this formidable war . " Bo proud , then , of your successes—proud of tho results obtained—proud especially of being the wellbeloved childron of that Franco who will always be groat , so long as she has the heart to comprehend noble causes , and men like you to defend them . " From tho Uead-auarters of Valoggio , July 12 . «• NAPOLEON . "
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Leader (1850-1860), July 16, 1859, page 835, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2303/page/7/
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