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LITEEATURE. ^j ¦ •
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ing aloof from scenes of danger has almost passed into a proverb , While Garibaldi has ever been ready to occupy tire post involving tie greatest personal risk and sacrifice . In 1849 the Pope was still in exile at Gaeta . The Austrians occupied the Papal State s on the shores of the Adriatic ; the French made their appearance at the same time on the Mediterranean side of the Papal territories , while a Neapolitan army 2 , 000 strong , leaded by the late King Ferdinand H ., prepared to cross the frontiers . The unconditional reinstallation of the Pope was the real object of the invasion ; but the French , in accordance with the habitual treachery of Louis Napoleon , then head of the French Republic , alleged they had come to restore order , but maintained an ambiguous reserve as to their ultimate intentions . While professing the utmost zeal for
Tuscany , he turned his steps thither ; but his troops , worn out with fatigue , dropped behind and fell away from him . At length he reached the Adriatic completely broken down , and attempted with 300 men to reach Venice , but was stopped by Austrian , ships , Ins boitts dispersed , and he and his wife thrown desolate upon the Roman coast . They wandered about for some days without food or shelter , until the faithful partner of his good and evil fortune died in his arms , overcome with
exhaustion and fatigue . After many perilous adventures the magnanimous hero , who had refused 12 , 000 scudi at Rome , arrived at Genoa in the month of September , and was arrested ! Having obtained permission to go to Nice to bid adieu to his family before again retiring into exile , he embraced his aged parents and his three children ^ The interview well nigh unmanned him , but tearing himself from the loving embraces of his relatives ^ he returned to Grenoa , where he embarked on board the Tripoli for Tunis Sept . 16 , 1849 . For some time he supported his children by taking the Command of a , trading ship . The war just ended brought him again into notice , and presented his character in the same heroic light as of old . Perhaps the strangest proof that he could give of the sincerity of Ms love and desire for the prosperity of his country was to change his political colours and fight under the .. constitutional king —Tictor Emmanuel . -Few , surely , will be found to blame him fbr this apparent abandonment'of his principles . Not his oirvr honour or credit fbr consistency , but his country ' s welfare is the mainspring of his actions ¦ ¦ ¦ llg Ul Ul £
. . . B ^ Xl > iHJUlAUO . The late King of Piedmont , Charles Albert , so fully appreciated his sincerity and valour that he offered no opposition to a subscription being made throughout his kingdom for' ¦ the tmrchase of a dress sword , to be presented to Garibaldi , who was then in exile . When the king was on his death bed , June 30 , 1849 , Prince Eugene _ _ di Garignano and Dr . Rib « ri went to pay him a visit . Hearing from them of Garibaldi ' s heroic and
< 5 hivalric defence of Rome , he exclaimed , " viva Graribaldi ! He has given the French a lesson ! " His recent deeds of prowess in the " Vatelline , and elsewhere , are too fresh in the memory of the public to need mention here . He proved himself a valuable aid to the Emperor of the French , but the time may not be far distant when he will again take up arms to undo that which the wily Emperor has just done in Italy .
the Pontiff , they had throughout the "winter kept up the appearance of friendliness with bis contumacious subjects . At length , however , their real purpose became apparent . It was ^ discovered by the populace that they were acting in concert with their avowed enemies , and the Roman people suddenly rose and repelled their first assaults Their subsequent attacks were equally bravely met . For seventeen consecutive hours the Romans tinder Garibaldi fought the French with unabated courage and determination ^ and . a . fury that defies description . The French could not succeed in placing a single pieoe of cannon in its proper position so as to weaken their line of fire , while Garibaldi almost outdid himself in his courage and _ personal endurance . In the defence of the Villa
Pamfili , outside the walls , whilst the cannon along the bastions kept up a continual fire , headingnearly three t housand men , he rushed beyond the gates and contested , with close musketry , and often -with the bayonet , every inch of the ground . The French troops , led by Oudinot , were wholly unprepared for the resistance they met with , and finally fell back mortified and astounded . " During the month ' s interval of diplomatic negotiations which
followed , Garibaldi led the Romans against the Neapolitans , who , routed in two engagements , precipitately fled to their " own country , and lef t the conclusion of the enterprise to their French allies . France has , therefbrei all the glory of giving back the Roman states and Italian people to ecclesias ^ tical bondage ; and yet these same people were so infatuated as to hope and believe she would free them from it ten years later !
Finding the crisis was at hand the Assembly met in the Capitol . Garibaldi was sent for , and appeared heated and covered with blood . He declared resistance for any length of time was impossible ; they could hold out put a few days , and xt was vain to defend the streets when the French were masters of the heights . They , therefore , agreed to surrender , declaring that they abandoned a defence which had become impracticable , but would remain at their post . The business of treating with the foe was left to the municipality . But the municipality could make no terms with A * 1 « * m . ** . a w « aj ««* * v ^*^^«* j ^ jbt ^ 4 # v «^ w % Atf ^ i A I ¥ v * ' ^ fl '^ vla ^^^ w *^^^*! V W ^ 4 < nA
city to his hands unconditionally . On the morning of July 2 nd , 1849 , the French entered Rome , and Garibaldi left it with a legion of between 4 , 000 and 5 , 000 men , and took the road to Tivoli . It had been arranged that the Roman troops should accompany them , and als , o the triumvirate and constituent assembly , with the object of establishing the government elsewhere ana exciting the populace to rise , but it was found impossible to carry out the plan . From Tivoli , Gorabaldi proceeded to Monte Rotondo and Foggio Mirteto , and thence to Turin , where he joined the little corps commanded by the Englishman , Forbes . In
reference to this period of Garibaldi's military career many calumnies and falsehoods have been circulated . Numerous vagabonds and thieves , giving themselves out as soldiers of Garibaldi , took advantage of the terror inspired by his name and possessed themselves of property ol every desoripttan which came within their reach , levying contributions upon the country people and robbing Louses in thinly inhabited neighbourhoods . Numerous complaints and false assertions wore in consequence macle against the soldiers of Garibaldi . It was a source of great concern to him and bis followers , but with tEe utmost vigilance he failed to cUsoovor that any of has own men were in mult . Finding that affairs still remained unsettled in
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title , and in consequence , ' S . G . O . ' will in future be known as the Rev . Lord Sidney Godolphin Osbofne . " That industrious philologer , Prince Lucien Bonaparte , is at present . sojourning among the hills at Stanhope and St . John ' s , in Weardale , translating the Song of Solomon into the dialect of the county of Durham . He will proceed hence to Craven , with a view of translating the book into the Yorkshire dialect . It is t 6 be hoped that his labours will be appreciated by future generations of Yoikshiremen . We fear that his time and trouble will have been devoted in vain , as far as the rest of the kingdom is
A r > iSTiNGiisnEr > contributor to the leading daily journal , and one whose pen has never been used in the Times except with the best-in ten tioned and most philanthropic views , has acquired , what we should think he would little value , a handle to his name ill the shape of a title . We read in the Sherborne Journal : — ' ¦ ' * The elder brother of the Hon . and Rev . S . G . Osborne having succeeded to the Dukedom of Leeds , the Queen has by letters patent granted to the family the titles and precedency that would have been afforded them had their father succeeded to the
concerned . The directors of the Scottish National Gallery have bought from Sir Culling Eardley , for the sum of £ 500 , a picture of " Mars and Venus" by Paul Veronese . The price asked in the first instance was mucli larger than that stated ; but Sir Culling agreed to accept the above sum . Lord Stanley has just made a munificent donation to the library named after him in King ' 3 X . ynn , the borough which his lordship represents in Parliament . Some years since the noble lord gave 1 , 0001 to the establishment of the institution , and as the town council , in carrying . put a policy of retrenchment , have been compelled to withdraw a grant of 50 / ., which has hitherto been made annually to the library , his lordship has , within tHe last feVr days , presented an Indian debenture for 500 ? ., to put the establishment in funds .
The North British Daily Mail states that the sum already subscribed for erecting the monument to the Ettrick Shepherd amounts to about 1422 .-The New York correspondent of th-e Publishers ' Circular writes : —" Messrs . Appletons have published a new volume of their Cyclopaedia , the sixth —from ' Cough' to ' Education ; ' the Harpers have reproduced the first volume of ' Alford ' s Greek Testament j' and Messrs . Uppincott and Co . have issued two very handsome books on Arciiitecture , by S . Sloan The Canadian impost presses heavily oii the home book-trade in the ^ United States , and there seems to be but one opinion of its injustice , Popular feeling
here is against Mr . Dickens in his controversy with Messrs . Bradbury and Evans , but it does not affect the reception of his new tale , which is reprinted in several newspapers throughout the country , and is well received . It is produced in two official formsviz ., in Harper ' s Weekly , with illustrations by M'Lenan , and in a reprint of All the Year Hound , advertised as by " special arrangement . " Harpers announce that they have paid 5 , 000 dols . for their early sheets , and if the American producers of All the Year Hound have made a respectable bargain , Mr . Dickens will not have much to complain of his treatment in this country for this novel . "
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IDYLLS OF THE ICING . By Alfred Tunnyson , D . C . L ., Poet Laureate . Edward SIoxqu and Co . Mil . Tennyson has won a position , both in the state and the library , as a poet that p laces him above criticism . A facility of composition , a felicity of versification , and a judicious taste in the selection of subjects , have secured to him a most enviable reputation . lie is , besides , a polite poet , and his drawing-room qualifications tiro indisputable . There is nothing vulgar or coarse in his writings- ^ but all is refined to delicacy , and evon
sometimes to weakness . Ho is fastidious in hia phraseology to a fault t and as subtle in thought and . feeling as he is chaste and choice in diction Always beautiful , ho is not seldom extremely familiar . His " Mort d'Arthur" nn < l "Ulysses , " however , evinced a lurking ambition in his nature , which hjs friends have not been slow to stimulate . The elements of an opio bard wore struggling in his genius , and the birth of an epos was accord ? ingly expected . In due time tfw inighty birth advanced to its advent .
The volume before us is understood to redeem the pledge . It docs so , however , but in part . Wo have x * ot a complete epic here— -bub four idylls , which may bo supposed to form portions of a great
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3 TBENCH AND PlEDBtONTESB TROOPS . — " The Frenchman , " says a correspondent , " thinks that he must always look savage to be thought brave . The high cheek-bones * the small grey eye , the small turn-up nose , the kepi brim turned up at an angle of 45 deg . ; the long , sciaggy , crayatless neck \ the destructive organ highly developed behind the ear ; the swagger and bhister of the whole mien , and bearing , have something repulsive and offensive ^ 4 1 am a killing macliine , ' says the Pren chman , they have tempered me , ground me , wound me up for my murderous work . Kill me , or I will kill you ; that is all I am good for , all I care for . I am always
fighting or else furbisjhung up my weapons . I . have a cartridge in my gun-rUarrel , and the ,. bayonet at its end . I flre my piece then instantly charge . The Emperor has said it i the bayonet is a French weapon 1 ' The Italian at rest has a bland , mild , and modest look . There lurks in that countenance a look of the ineffaMe enjoyment of' existence . Down he lies on the ground and looks up at his deep blue heaven , and his musket lies harmlessly gathering dewr—future rust—in ^ the grass , and hia knapsack makes him no very hard pillow . 'OhI let mo live 1 ' says the Italian ; King and soun try called me under arms , and here I am ; I have met the Austrian and stood hia fire as I was bidden . I came to close quarters , and thought I had better give him
a few inches of my bayonet than take any of his . He has no business in my Italy , any more than I have in his Germany , My King is always foremost in the fight , and where is the craven who would skulk behind ? But for the rest , this war trade is a confounded Cain business , all hard crusts and hard knocks I hato tlie din and the dust ; and the cannon , if it does not kill , is at least a lacerator di ben ooatrutti orccchi , It shatters a woU-OTgnnised tympanum all to pieces . We will see tlio Austrians out , if God help us , and thon we will have piping times again , our cool wine-gardens , our lemonades , and the arch-eyed girls we bare loft Ibehmdus . '"
Liteeature. ^J ¦ •
LITEEATURE . ^ j ¦
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LITERARY NOTES OF THE WEEK . -. ?——
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868 y THE LEADER [ No . 487 . < Ti * lv 23 , 1859 .
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Leader (1850-1860), July 23, 1859, page 868, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2304/page/16/
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