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LITERATURE
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partial contradiction . I am , , preparing a second edition of nay work , but I have not the honour of an acquaintance with the gentlemen you mention as interested in the reissuej and I have certainly never received offers of assistance from them . " . Speaking of the gift of the City of Paris to Lamartine , the Paris correspondent of the Star says : " Poor Lamartine seems to have far more difficulty in proving himself a pauper than a poet . The Conseil d'Etat is throwing many obstacles in the way of the generous intention of the City of Paris , and it seems doubtful whether , after all , the author of ' Jocelyn' will be enabled to shelter his head in the Petite Muette . Calculators and
com-IT is rumoured in publishing and literary circles that negotiations are on foot for the purchase of the Literary Gazette by the proprietors of the Critic . We shall be glad to have to congratulate the veteran of the literary press on falling into the arms , and uniting its aged existence with its young and vigorous cotemporary . The Critic has steadily pursued its way , and has , under able and persevering management , advanced itself into a distinguished and authoritative position . Its varied intelligence , both literary and scientific , is more abundant than in any other British journal , and it has a staff of contributors who show they are well fitted for passing in review the entire literature of the age , as it issues from the ever-teeming press . his next
Had the lamented Bayle St . John lived , work would have been a biography of Rabelais , which , we believe , will be completed and edited by his younger brother , Mr . Horace St . John . We hear that the labours of the author have been , with % view to show that the world-famed humourist has been misrepresented to English readers by his translators , especially by the witty and learned Urquharfe . Mr . Hott en , the bookseller , has recently published a " Dictionary of Slang , " and so rapidly lias it gone off that he is about to bring out a second edition . With respect to a statement that he had received offers of assistance from Lord Strangford , Mr . Monckton Mimes , and others , he writes to the Critic : " I am reluctantly compelled to give a
1832 , about six weeks in advance of the Penny Magazine , was received with a degree of acceptation which astonished me and my friends . Assisted by my brother , I entered on the career . With his graphic and elegant papers , that publication became soon more successful than I had ever any reason to expect . It went on , and goes on now , with a degree of popularity which has astonished and surprised all who are connected with it . Having gained the public ear in 1832 , it has riot lost it in 1859 . " for the best
The adjudicators of the prizes essays on the Causes of the Decline in the Society of Friends have been prevented from arriving at an earlier decision by unforeseen hindrances , and by the large number and extent of the essays submitted to them , and by their exceeding desire to deal justly . It has , after careful consideration , been determined that an essay , bearing a motto from the epistle of the York Quarterly Meeting of the year 1855 , should receive the first prize ; and one , bearing the motto verbum , vita , lux , the second prize . The author of the first essay is Mr . J . S . Rountreej of York ; of the second , Mr . Thomas Hancock , of . Nottingham .
biners and putters of that and that together , who abound in vast numbers here , have discovered , however , that there is antagonism at the bottom of all this , and that the man who will not receive succour from the Emperor shall not receive it from any other quarter . The City of Paris and the Conseil d'Etat are always at daggers drawn—it is their natural state ; and so Lamartine must wander away again with stick and wallet to one of his own beggar ' s huts or shanties , the chateau of Saint Point for instance , where he may hide from the storm until the City of Paris consents to buy Miily or Monceau , the other beggar ' s bothie which he owns , back from his creditors . "
A lqtter from Paris says : — "Guizot has just arrived from Val Richer in order to finish the tliird volume of his memoirs ; and jt is so near the 24 th , the day fixed for the great Orleanist meeting , that it is not astonishing to learn tlwit Thiers should have just come back to his hotel likewise , in order to finish his volume , too . " We may hero mention the appearance of a very carefully executed work by M . Leonce Anquez , professor of history at the Lycie St . Louis , and but just issued by Durand ' of Paris—namely , . " A History
of the Political Assemblies of the Protestants of France , from the Peace of La Rochello in 1573 to their Suppression by the Treaty of Montpelier in 1622 ; " including , of course , the long discussions relative to the first and second edicts of Nantes . Professor Anquez has evidently devotod much time to liis work—which , however , only occupies a moderate sized volume 5 and it is executed in no controversial spirit , but with thorough historical impartiality .
In connexion with the inauguration of tho Chamber ' s Institution at Peebles , a dinnor took place on Tuesday night , in the new hall of the Institute , at which Mr . William Chambers presented tho deed of gift to tho Provost , Magistrates , and Town Council of the borough , In tho speech of the evening ho said : — " I never was , and nover will pretend to say that I am , tho originator of cheap literature . All I presume to claim is , that about 1632 , thero was an extraordinary aptitude for the purchase and reading of choap literature . Most of it was very poor , and . not of a quality which ought to have been addressed to intelligent readers . ' I endeavoured to turn tlie tide of popular taste , and get for it that material for which there was a craving j and in that attempt I was successful . Chambcrs ' a Journal , which -wafl originated in the month of February ,
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" The , assemblage of Italians ia Rome , from all quarters of Italy , _ presented a scene at once ihterest-r ing and instructive . It proved , in a practical and forcible manner , the success of the efforts which had been made for many years , by intelligent patriots , to propagate a . spirit of unity . The Republicans generally * indeed universally , adopted the idea so early embraced by Garibaldi , during his first visit to Rome , that the Italians 6 iight to feel liko brethren of one family , members of the same nation , with Rome as their metropolis , Italians , therefore , came in from all directions , and entered , it may be said ,
by all her gates . ; yet compared with the native citizens of the capital , these formed but a small number , although the enemies of the Republic were guilty of a double falsehood , in their misrepresentation of the case : first , by pretending that the defenders of Rome were not her citizens , but overawed the inhabitants , and acted contrary to their will ; and , second , by calling all other Italians ' foreigners . ' Under these false pretences the Pope called in foreign sovereigns to interfere , and restore him to power ; and under these false pretences it was that France , Austria , Naples , and Spain answered , and the deed was performed by the first named
THE LIFE OP GENERAL GARIBA . LDI . Written by himself . With his Sketches of his Companions in Arras . Translated by his friend and admirer , Theodore Dwig-ht . Embellished witli a tine engrayed portrait on steel . — Sampson Low , Son and Co . The importance of this work is manifest from the title , and there are few indeed who will not be curious to ascertain the details of a life so honoured and so heroic . That such life should be sketched by his own pen is an advantage that cannot be too highly estimated , and indeed gives infinite value to the book . The manuscripts , from which the autobiography was composed , were placed in the
translator ' s hands in the year 1850 , but he . prohibited their use until lately , when the crisis seemed to demand their publication . In . relation to Garibaldi ' s " sketches of his companions" there is a point of interest . They were written in 1850 , while resident on Staten Island and employed at daily labour in the candle manufactory of his countryman and friend , Sig . Meucci . They would have been more in number but for the fatigue consequent of his regular day ' s work . The account of his wife , Anna Garibaldi , is especially interesting . She was a brave woman , valiant aud fearless as her husband . ' " .
The translator refers to a former work of his , a brief history of the Roman Republic of 1849 , in which he had given an outline of Garibaldi ' s life ; but a more extended biography was properly demanded by the American public . Mr . Dwigjut has for yeai-s been on terms of intimacy with the Italian patriots , and familial * with passing events in Italy . He believes , too , that Providence has committed to the Italians , " in a prominent degree , the execution of some of Ins greatest designs , and the fulfilment of some of the most glorious prophecies and promises recorded in the Bible , especially in overturning Popery . " For his hero , also , lie lias profound veneration .
"If , " snys he "there be any personage in history distinguished by extraordinary conduct and gallantry in the field , and , through a long military career , has clearly proved to have derived extraordinary courage , fortitude , magnanimity and generosity , from the pure influences of domestic life ; if there be on record a distinct and decidod testimony of any military hero , declaring that he has been stimulated to fight and conquer , to spare foes nnd forgive offences , to expose life , and to sacrifice ease and fortune , friends and country , in order to defend the weak and oppressed , and whoso life has shown that this , and not ambition , a spirit of adventure , or the love of gold or of blood , has been his motive , in a greater degree than Garibaldi , whon and where did such a man live , and what was his name ? " ' . Respecting tho events of 18-19 , Mr . Dwight remarks that Garibaldi was then called to tho active defence of the Italian republic . "Ho was called , in 1849 , to the active defence of the Italian Republic in the City of Rome , and performed great and glorious deeds under the walls of that city , which lie had contemplated in his childhood with inexpressible feelings of veneration for tho past , indignation * at the present ; , and ardent desire for the future , mingled with hope and sustained by prayer . The time at length arrived when he was called fro . n tho obscure position which ho held among tho mountains , with a band of ill-armed and ilNpnid men , patriptm indeed , and some of then * the remains of his veteran Italian Legion , which lie had so long trained iu South America , but all of thorn depressed , if not disheartened , by tho loss of all in the North of Italy , and tho relapse of a large part of Europe back to tbe old system .
power . "By a course of falsehood , hypocrisy , and selfcontradiction , France proceeded to accomplish what had been planned for the overthrow of a sister republic . This will be evident to one who reviews the successive steps in diplomatic negotiations , in military movements , and armistices , a series of acts of false faith , such as can hardly be paralleled in any other page of history of double its length And , what is peculiarly painful for an American , the part which our own government performed in the disgraceful drama , the dark and bloody tragedy , was one which will for ever discredit us : for , while our Minister at Paris recognised the French Republic of 1848 , without delay , Mr . Gass , Jun ., our Charge in Rome , never recognised the Roman Revisited the French
public at all , but often and openly head-quarters , during the siege of the city . It is true that , on the one hand , we are told that his instructions from Washington were , not to acknowledge the new Roman government , unless there should be a prospect of its continuance : but , on the other , any man of sense must see that there was , at least , equal reason for sending similar instructions to our Minister hi Paris , and for his . delaying his recognition . We may , indeed , say more than this : for , in the circumstances then existing , the simple act of recognising the Roman Republic by our government would probably have sedured its permanency . Louis Napoleon ' s unprincipled course would then have drawn remonstrances from . us , and he could hardly have proceeded through it with success . "
Mr . Dwig ht then proceeds to blame tlie American people as more guilty than their government . " Few , " he says , " even of the wisest and the best men in the United States duly appreciated tbe cause of Italy . " We have to regret the same apathy of feeling among ourselves at the present crisis ;—but events have a force which will ere long compel a kindling of finer emotions . The father of Garibaldi was a sailor ; his mother was a model for women . He is indebted to her
for her patriotic teaching . His infancy was passed in Nice , where lew men , he says , knew how to be Italians , and where tlie language was scarcely spoken . His elder brother , Angelo , wrote to him from America , advising him to study his native tongue , and ho began accordingly to read Roman and Italian history with much interest . Subsequently he embarked in the Costanza , under tho command of Angelo Posanto , whose good example had much influence on him ; Ins second voyage he made to Rome in a vessel of hta father ' s . Take Garibaldis impressions of Rome : —¦ - lathers , J . aJco ymi'iuauu s nnjjrcsaiuno w «™«"'
" Rome , once the capital of the world , now the capital of a soot 1 Tho Rome which X had painted in my imagination no longer existed . The future Rome , rising to regenerate the nation , has now longbeena dominant i 3 ea la my mind , and inspired me . with hope and energy . Thoughts , springing from the pait , iu short , have had a prevailing mfluonco pn mo durinff my life . Rome , which 1 had buforo admired and Suyht of nequently , lever alnj » have loved . It has boon doar to mo beyond all things . I not only admired her for her former power and the remains of antiquity , but oven tho smallest thing connected with her was precious to me . It-vea in nviin fhoflo ftioHnffs were constantly cherished in my
heart ; and often , every often , have I prayoa to tne Almighty to permit mo to see that pity once more . I regarded Koino as the centre of Italy , for the union of 'which I ardently longed , " ¦\ Ve now sec the sentiment and the idea by which the conduct of Garibaldi has been inspired ; an . d moat instructive is the passage in , which they arc
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JSo ..: 490 . Apo . 13 , 1859-1 THE LEADER 941
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 13, 1859, page 941, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2307/page/17/
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