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IIDIA, AND . ' . INDIAN PROGRESS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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abolish it , in spite , it is said , of the remonstrances of Prussia and the other States . Letters from Vienna represent a change of ministry and considerable reforms as being in prospect . Important edicts will be issued on the 18 th instant—the 29 th birthday of the Emperor . It is permitted to be stated by the papers that a separate and popular constitution will be granted to Hungary , and that upon this subject the Emperor as in daily conference with Count Apponzi . It is ¦ worthy of note that the . Vienna Gazette has lately adopted a tone of defiance towards France , and -vents its opinions regarding the Emperor of the Trench and his nation with the same freedom as it did just prior to and during the war .
At Frankfurt some severe fighting has taken place !> etween the Prussian and Austrian Federal troops . garrison there . It is singular that while the citizens of all other States of Germany are in favour of TPrussia , the military are decidedly against her ; and I have heard Hanoverian officers openly express their readiness to fight against Prussia , rather than against France—possibly a mere transitory ebullition of anger at her neutrality during the war . Advices from : St . Petersburg announce the laying < lown of the telegraph line between Moscow and tNieolajewsk at . the . mouth of the Amur . A part of the wire reaching to the borders of Asia is already complete . The line is to be prolonged to the coast of America by way of Southern Kamtschatka and * h e Aleutian islands .
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M . LOUIS BLANC ON THE AMNESTY . M . Louis Blanc has published some observations on the amnesty just declared by the French Emperor . He says : — "I will not stop here to in--quire whether it be fit that the offender should be the for giver ; that crimes' should be remitted which never were committed ; and that those should be pardoned who were so Cruelly tmcongedj having been , although guiltless , driven out of their country , torn from their families and their friends , consigned to absolute ruin , and , in -fact , bereft of all they held dear on earth . Speaking in my own name alone , and judging from a mere practical point of view , I own * candidly that , situated as he is , Louis Bonaparte could now hardly < 3 o more for us than he has just done . But it is not ifche less true that those whose hearts have been for
years made to bleed from innumerable wounds have a claim to something better than a contemptuous and perhaps unsafe favour . What was due to them in the shape of justice cannot be paid in the shape of pardon . "Let freedom be wholly and sincerely restored to ^ France : I , for one , am prepared to applaud . Our -wrongs we might forget : may we be indifferent to the wrongs of our country ?
"We are permitted to return to France . So long as she is kept in bondage why should we go ? To complete the victory of might over right—to render imperial despotism still more absolutely unopposed —to extinguish the few last beacons which , fed by 'French hands , yet loom in the distance before the eyeB of our unhappy country—in one word , to be slaves among slaves . Better stay in the land of unfetterred thought and free speech ; better live where to be an exile is to' remain a man .
41 It is recorded that in the . Revolution of 1789 , at the first celebrated fete du Champ de Mars , some fifty Englishmen were seen wearing on their chest a medal on which these words were inscribed : — Ubi Zibertas , ibi Patria . " Without presuming to sit in judgment upon suoh of my countrymen as may take a different view of the case , I venture to say that this should bo the motto of every man feelingly alive to the , dignity of his own anature . 41 Not that I consider my beloved country leas entitled to claim our devotion , because temporarily Bhackled . No . Tho very state of intellectual debasement and moral agony in whioh France is now plunged endears her the more to us , as we
know it originates in a fatal combination of uncontrollable circumstances , and is maintained by brute force alone , . That France will , sooner or later , be warmed into life and be herself again , is a creed which I fondly cherish , and to which I cling with unshakable convictions . But so long as sho is forced into silence ana" darkness , I take it to bo necessary -that somo at least of her most faithful sons , should , toy living abroad , retain the power of representing true genius , of making known her sorrows , denouncing her wrongs , invoking her most glorious ^ recollections , vindicating her stilled aspirations after freedom , and championing in her name the eternal principles' of justice and tho rights of reason . "
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There is a rumour that , if Monsieur de Persigny 3 b recalled , the . Euke do Grararaont will sucooed Mva in his diplomatic duties . The duchess is an ^ ngUBhworoan , daughter of A . Maokinnon / Esqh M . P
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¦ ^ r — COLONISATION OF BRITISH INDIATO THE EDITOR OF " THE LEADER . " 42 , Basinghall-street , Aug . 11 , 1859 . Sir , —I beg to communicate to you the following extract from the last despatch from Darjeeling , dated 31 st May , as it is of great interest to intending settlers , who may address j Frederick Brine , Esq M Hope Town , Darjeeling . —lam , Sir , &c , Htde Clarke . -Agent for the British Settlers in Darjeeling .
" Our memorial to the Bengal and Supreme Governments was forwarded three or four days ago to Mr . O'Donnell . I send you a copy of it . _ It contained the signatures of nearly all Darjeeling , including that of the Maharajah of Burdwan , and will be signed , in Calcutta by all those who are interested inland , in Darjeeling . Copies of our former memorial , and of Lord Stanley ' s reply , and of your letter to Lord Stanley , have been forwarded with the present memorials .
The Darjeeling Land rules are out , and I send you a copy of them . Land can now be purchased in fee simple for ten rupees per acre , payable in ten years at one rupee per annum . Capitalists who wish to conie out from England and invest in land should lose no time , as large applications arecominginfrom Calcutta . I shall be happy to supply information to intending emigrants , and I shall be able to recommend
capitalists who come out , respectable and trustworthy assistants , experienced in the language and customs of the country . Such' assistance will be in requisition . My residence , uninterrupted , of twehtyeight years in India , has made me acquainted with a large circle of practical honest men ; and I know many who would be glad of obtaining appointments % 7 i the hills for the sake of the climate . ( Sighed ) Frederick Bisixe , Hon . Sec .
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^ 958 THE L . E ADEB . [ No . 491 . Aug . 20 , 1859 .
Iidia, And . ' . Indian Progress.
IIDIA , AND . ' . INDIAN PROGRESS .
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Rules for the Grant of Waste Lands in the Darjeeling Territory . I . Grants of waste lands in the Darjeeling territory shall be sold by auction , at an upset price of ten rupees an acre . II . Sales of grants of waste lands shall be made from time to time at the office of the Superintendent of Darjeeling , on application for that purpose by intending purchasers , in such manner ; and under such rules , as may be laid down for that purpose by the Board of Revenue—full and sufficient noti . ee of the day of sale and other needful particulars being given to the public . Should it in any case be deemed inexpedient to grant the land applied for , the Superintendent shall refer such case , with his reasons for deeming the grant inexpedient , for the orders of the Board . .
III . Every grant proposed to be sold shall first have its boundary cleared , and its area determined by an officer appointed for that pxirpose by tho Superintendent . IV . No grant shall be of loss than fifty acres . V . A purchaser at auction of such grant or grants shall mako a deposit at the- time of purclmso of 10 per cent , on the amount of purchase money . VI . The balance of the purchase money shall be paid in annual instalments of 10 per cent , on tho amount of purchase money , and in default of such payment the sale shall bo considered void , the deposit and any prior payments of instalments boing forfeited to Government , and tho Government shall bo at liberty to re-sell the land on its own account .
VII . Tho Government reserves to itself tho right of making and constructing such roads and bridges as may bo necessary for public purposes in all landa purchased as abovo , and also of such indigenous timbor , stono , and other materials , as may be required for making and keeping the said roads and bridges in repair . * Land taken for those purposes shall be paid for at tho rates at which it was purchased by refund of tho money paid for it , and compensation shall bo granted when claimed for any damage done to tho plantation in the construction of tho works . VIII . Tho sale shall convey a titlo to all mines and mlnorals within tho limits of tho grant sold $ but a tax , not oxcoeding 10 per cent , of tho gross produco of suoh mines ana minerals shall bo leviable by tho Government , in such manner , and under suoh rules , as may horoaftor from time to time bo determined
on . IX . Existing grants may bo commuted undor theso rules at the option of the grantees ,
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THE ISLANDS IN THE BAY OF BENGAL . It is upwards of a year since we drew attention to the Andaman Islands as the spot selected for the penal settlement of the captured refuse mutineers of the rebellion . The report of the committee appointed to examine the shores of these islands , and to fix upon a site , has just been published , and r eads like a volume of Captain Cook . The islands , of which a detailed account is given , are the Andamans , the Nicobars , Barren Island , and the Cocos . Beginning with the Great Nicobar , to the north-west of Sumatra , they stretch in a direction parallel with the coast of Tavoy , from the seventh to the fourteenth degree of northern latitude for a distance of 500 miles , ending in the Great Coco . Between the Nicobars and the Little Andaman there is a
distance of seventy miles , and tins is the one considerable gap in the long wall of coral reefs , among which only native craft can move with freedom , and which have so often been the scene of the wrecks oi our richest merchantmen . If the Bay of Bengal is as much an English sea as the Channel , with its great marts of commerce on either coast , stretching from Singapore past Malacca , Moulmein , Rangoon , Akyab , and the mouths of the Ganges , to Madras , then these islands have a new interest in our eyes , and ardj if not essential to the existence of our Eastern empire , necessary for its external peace , for the security and extension oi its trade , / and for the spread of that civilisation for the sake of which it has been established and still
exists . At present they are the abode of savages who are , of all human beings , next to the beasts in the scale of humanity—of men who , if not cannibals ; have all the ferocity of such , and who , since tho ships of Europe have visited their seas , or the junks of China and the Archipelago have attempted to touch at their coasts , have proclaimed war against aE outside of their own tribe , and revelled in the work of wrecking , brutality , and death . Such savages are a blot on the map of our Eastern possessions ; and if , as hitherto , they reject every attempt at friendly intercourse , every overture of kindness , they must yield to the operation of Jhat law which , in spite , of all fostering care , is sweeping their milder brethren out of Australia—they must
disappear . It will be well if in their case , as with almost all our colonies , the introduction of convict labour is the beginning of progress . The object of the Government of India and the policy of Dr . Walker , in founding and organising the penal settlement at Port Blair , have been to make it finally a free native colony . The sepoys on their arrival are put in a position analogous to that of convicts of the third class in the Straits Settlements , degradation to . lowest class and the imposition of irons being reserved for the refractory . Every step is taken . t » raise in their breasts some sort of self-respect , of self-reliance , of hope . They are grouped into gangs of twenty-five each , under a section gangsman oi subdivi
their oAvnbody ; four of these constitute a - - sion under a convict head , and a freo overseer accompanied by a native doctor . To each division , consisting of four' of these hundreds , a shop managed by themselves is attached . The shopkeeper procures his goods from the settlement stores , and sells them at a profit of about three per cunt . ; making weekly remittances to account . Each man is allowed two annas a day , out of which he supplies himself with every necessary , medicine nlono being freo of cost . The industrious may easily earn thrci annas , and oven more , when bniploj'cd in clearing jungle , and felling forest trees at . contract rates . When in hospital they aro allowed one and a hall anna a day , but thoir soction may give thorn the toll share of its earnings . Idlers are tried by then
fellow scctionors , who form themselves into a punchayot or jury , and their wages are reduced according to their deserts . Section gangsmen have u commission of one per cont . ; sub-division gangsmen four rupees a month and one- half , por com on tho earnings of thoir respective di visions . J . » is commission is paid by Government When tho enrmngs donoto average industry . Thus are tho habits oi economy and solf-managoment ; taught . The formation of tho colony doponds , however , on what is called tho family emigration scheme > v u » difficulty twenty-flvo of tho convicts wore induced to *
send for thoir families . They aro promised ponnw slon to reclaim and ¦ cultivate land freo of rent during their own and wife ' s lifetime . During tho first thra years , when tho produce of tho land must necessarily bo scanty , four , three , and ^ yo i'ul ) C 0 . " month successively are allowed to each man , ijj " rupees to each woman , and one fpr oach child . »"" farther to lay securely the foundation of a iutun , colony , Dr . Walker askod for a company ot " »^ infantry , composed of Sikhs and Ghoorkus , or o Madrasseos , aocompaniod by thoir families . J . »«™ men would roceivo assignments of lands and wconu free settlers , or , if it woro impossible to » w ° o » company of soldiers of tho line to bring their famUios to tho islands , a local corps might bo rai » e «
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 20, 1859, page 958, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2308/page/10/
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