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been written from the materials , but the author ' s modesty is a guarantee for his veracity , lhe book is set off . with a frontispiece , showing the attack of four seamen upon a party of sepoys at Amorha , and indicates the spirit of the whole enterprise . -
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PROVERBS OF ALL NATIONS , COMPAKED , EXI'LAIXKD , AND ILLUSTRATED . By Walter K . Kelly . —AV . Kent and Co . No subject could be more charming than this , and , in competent hands , capable of being turned to oreater profit . But it is not sufficient to make a dry catalogue of proverbs;—any collection , to be useful , should be accompanied with the means of comparison , exp lanation , and illustration . Mr . Kelly convinced of this , has accordingly compared , explained , and illustrated all the proverbs which his small volume ( would it were thrice its size !) has been made to include .
Some of these provei'bs have , we believe , already appeared in " The National Magazine ; " and at the foot of the amusing columns of that elegant periodical , formed precious morceaux that were exceedingly Avelcome , as stray gifts found in . unexpected ^ places . But the collection before us extends far beyond the number thus scattered at wide intervals through hundreds of pages . The b . isis of it , we are told by the author , is British ; and the arrangement according to their import and infinity , which renders them vei-y readable and sometimes very entertaining . Translations of their principal equivalents in other languages are grouped under each ; and ,, by such means ., of the proverbs are formed natural families , the several members of' . which acquire increased significance I ' rwn the mutual , light they reflect . : ¦
" A source of lively interest is thus opened , " says the author , " for the -reader , ' who is thus enabled to observe the manifold diversities of form which the same thought , assumes * as expressed in different times and by many distinct races of men ; to trace the unity in variety which pervades the oldest and most universal monuments of opinion and sentiment among mankind ; and to verify for himself the truth of Lord BacoiVs well-known remark ,- that ' the genius , wit , and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs . '
" Touching as they do upon so wide a range of human concerns , proverbs are necessarily associated with , written literature . Sometimes they are created by it ; much oftener they are woven into its texture . Personal anecdotes tarn upon them in many instances ; and not unfrequentiy they have figured in national history , or have helped to preserve the memory of events , manners , usages , and ideas , some of which have left little other record of their existence . From the wealth of illustration thus inviting my hand , I have sought to gather whatever might elucidate and enliven my subject without overlaying it .
In this way I hope to have overcome the general objection alleged by Isaac Disraeli against collections of proverbs , on the ground of their ' unreadableness . ' It is true , as he says , that ' taking in succession a multitude of insulated proverbs , their slippery nature resists all hope of retaining one in a hundred ; ' this remark , I venture to believe , does not apply to the present collection , in which proverbs are not insulated , but presented in orderly , coherent groups , and accompanied with appropriate accessories , so as to flfc them for being considered with some continuity of thought . "
These are , no doubt , very sensible remarks . Lot us now see how the collector hns carried out his idea . For this purposo , take a specimen or two :- — Love is MUnd . Blind to all imperfections in tho beloved objeot ; blind also to everything around it-rto facts , consequences , and prudential considerations . " I ' coplo in lovo think that other people ' s eyes are out " ( Spanish ) . * It is hard to hoop jlax from the lowe [ firo ] . — -Scotch : "Man is firo , woman tow , and tho devil comos and blows" ( Hnanlsh ) . t Glasses and lassos are hrucltlo [ brlttlu ] wnrett .
— . Scotch . A pretty ( flrl and a tatterod uoten arc ' « uro to Jlnd some hook in tha way . Italy appears to bo tho original country of this pvovorb , though it is popularly current in Ulster . " A handsome woman and n pinked or slashed garment" aro the things mentioned in tho Italian
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* l'loriHim . loH unnmorados quo tlonon los otron los ojoa 'luobruUos ? , > iM I'ombro cb el fuogo , in rauflvr lu ostopftt vluno ol ( llnblo y ouplii .
proverb . * lhe French form f corresponds with tfte Irish . Where love fails we espy all faults . Faults cure thick tohere love is thin . —Welsh / Hot love is soon cold . - ' : Love me little love me long . Love of lads and fire of chats are soon in and soon out . —Derbyshire . Chats , i . e ., chips . Lads' love ' s a bush of broom , hot a while and soon done . —Cheshire . Love is never without jealousy .
" lie that is riot jealous is not in love , " says St . Augustin ; % but that depends not only upon the disposition of the lover , but upon the point arrived at in the history of his love . Doubts and fears are excusable in one who has not yet had assurance that his passion is returned , but afterwards " Love expels jealousy " ( French ) , § or , at least , it ought to do so . " Love demands faith , and faith steadfastness " ( Italian ) ;|| but too often "Love gives for guerdon jealousy and broken faith " ( Italian ) . ^] It is an Italian woman ' s belief that " It is better to have a husband without love than with jealousy . " **
No folly to being % n love . " To love and to be wise is . impossible" ( Spanish ) ; ff or , as an antique French proverb says , the two things have not the same abode . JJ This is the creed of those who have not themselves been lovers . As Calderoh sings , in lines admirably rendered by Mr . Fitzgerald , — ' He who far off beholds another dancing , Kven one who dances best , and all the time Hears not the mussic that he dances to , Thinks him a madman , apprehending- not his else eccentric action
The law which moves ; , So he that ' s in himself insensible Of love ' s sweet influence , misjudges him AVho moves according-to love ' s-melody . ; And knowing- not that all these sig-hs and tears , Jijactuations and impatiences , . Are necessary changes of a measure . Which the divine musician plays / may call The ' . lover crazy , which lie would not do , l > id ho within his own heart hear the tune JLMay'd by the { jreat musician of . tlio world . '' One quality is common to most proverbs—ihU nature . This comes of ¦ their mostly taking the Ade of caution and prudence . They seldom soar to the level of the wisdom that is higher than either . Such wisdom , in fact ,: cannot be substituted by maxirns ;—it is a habit of soul that grows with it , nice the fur on an animal .
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TOBACCO : its History and Associations ; including- an Account of the riant , and its Manufacture ; with ita Modes of Use in all Ages and Countries . By 1 \ "W . Fairholt , F . S . A . With 100 Illustrations by the Author , —Chapman and Hall . The respectable antiquary who is responsible for this work was born in a tobacco warehouse , where his father worked , and his earliest recollections " are of rolling in the tobacco-leaf as country children would roll in a hay-lield , and playing at hide and seek in the empty barrels . " Here are rare qualifications for an historian of tobacco . It is perhaps not generally known that tobacco was once extensively cultivated in the
Nortkriding of Yorkshire , as also in Scotland ; but the growth was made illegal in England ; but it continued to be grown in Ireland , particularly in the county of Wexford . Holland carries on a large trade in its growth ; and it is cultivated also in France and Germany . But European tobacco is less powerful in flavour than American . Gorman tobacco may be smoked to an extent which would be dangerous if tho New World tobacco wore used . This word " dangerous" ' suggests an inquiry whether the use of tobacco is injurious- —a question on which doctors eminently disagree . The weed , however , gained its early reputation on sanitary " rounds . It is good for those of sanguine temperaments . The author quotes his lather ' s example in proof of its Iiarmlessncss :-
—" Tho author ' s father diod at the ago of sovontytwo : lie had been twelve hours a day in a tobaccomanufactory for nearly fifty yours j and ho both smoked and chawed whilo busy in the labours of tho workshop , sometimes amid a dense cloud of steam from drying tho damp tobucco over tho stoves ; and
his health and appetite were perfect to the day of Ids death ; he was a model of muscular and stomachic energy ; in which his son , who neither smokes , snuffs , nor chews , by no means rivals him or does him credit . " We must confess that the early recoi-ds bear witness to the abuse of the herb . Smoking in excess was the practice of the Indians , unless the historians of the time exaggerate matters . The natives , according to one , considered tobacco as a gift from the Great Spirit for their special enjoyment ; one that the Great Spirit himself also indulges in . The pipe was therefore sacred , and smoking partook of the character of a moral , if not a religious , act .
Much interesting matter is contained in an account of the different devices for pipes found in the ruins of ancient cities , and which indicate an unexpected progress in the arts . Animals and birds are executed with remarkable precision . The literary associations of tobacco are also amusing . References , and witty ones , too , are to be found in our old comedies . Thus in Chapman's " All Fooles" ( 1605 ) , Dariotto says : — " My boy once lighted a pipe of cane tobacco with a piece of a vile ballad , and I'll sweare I had a singing in my head a whole week after . "
" Paul Hentzner , who visited England in 159 S , notes the constant custom of smoking at all public places : he visited the Bear Garden in Southwark , and says : — ' At these spectacles , and everywhere else , the English arc constantly smoking tobacco , and in this manner .- They have pipes on purpose , made of clay , into the farther end of which they put the herb , so dry that it may be rubbed into powder , and putting fire to it , they draw thesmoak into their mouths , which they puff out again , through their nostrils , like funnels , along with it plenty of phlegm and defluxion from the head . ' This was in fact one of the chief ' medical virtues' for which the herb was professedly taken . ¦
" The prevalence of tobacco-smoking on the stage , where gallants were accommodated with stools to sit during the play at an increased charge , is alluded to by Cokes in Ben Jonson ' s admirable play , Bartholomew Tair . He has gone into a booth to see a puppet-play , and asks of the master , Ha' you none of your pretty impudent boys , now , to bring stboles , fill tobacco , fetch ale , and beg money as they have at other houses ? ' The inconvenience occasionally felt ^ by the female part of the a udience is demonstrated by the Grocer ' s wife in Beaumont and Fletcher ' s Knight of the Burning Pestle , who taking her . seat on the stage , exclaims , ' Fie ! tliis stinking tobacco kils men ; would there were none in England : now
I pray , gentlemen , what good does this stinking tobacco ?—doe you nothing ?—I warrant you make chimniesof your faces ! ' * Collier , in his Annals of the Stage , notesf that one of the boy-actors in the induction to Cynthia ' s Revels , imitating a gallant supposed to be sitting on the stage , speaks of having his three sorts of tobacco in his pocket , and his light by him . * Dekker in VGOU telb his gallant to ' get his match lighted ; ' and in the Scornful Lady ( 161 C ) Captains of gally-foists are ridiculed , who only ' wear swords to reach fire at a play , ' for tho purpose of lighting their pipes . Jlutlon , in his Follies Anatomie ( 1 C 11 ) , speaks of tho custom of taking tobacco at theatres ( instancing the Globe—Shakespeare ' s theatre ) : —
the crowded n < " « u Must needs bo graced with you and your pu ^ e , Hwoarv for a place with ouch controlling loolr , And ttvnu your hackney servant for a nloolc . " Tobacco was even sold at the play-house , ai ) d in Bartholomew Fair , Ben Jon son talks ol . thoso ' who accommodate gentlemen with tobuc-oo at our theatres . ' "t , » ' , , Lt is , however , a remarkable fact thnt no mention of tobacco is made in the Shakospcrian dmnms , and might be employed ns a negative prool that ? Sir Walter Itnlclgli hud nothing to do with their , composition . J ' oi ' h . ipa the pool . onultu * nil re / orence to it out of rogurd to King JuniebH opinion . The royal hatred to the , adventurer m atvongly expressed in " The Couutur-Wnut , " and it would seem that SJiukupcro abarcd hi tho . sentiment . It would bo nn interesting question to decide whether he smoked or took enulY ? It is iniiKMJsiblo for us to go through tho literature of tobucco ; the reader who wishes to pursue
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? Tliirt Idea m-ciiiB to lmvoliwii tiikuii Iron ; it tlnidoiitfiilnst tobnr . 'i HiiiokiHR , ontlllfd HV / vW . i / or Cltlmw'tl liUHivwrt , % fflHJimHu " r % lilB 'Mull if ToIhuvo . HiiyH iho uulhor wiw " " on . miiJwl or rwniiiullcMl to wriiu" umibubJy by . Yiiinutt til" riral , who ttllorwurilH took > jii In JiuimI hliu-HulV i It wuh hiinWoiI lit J < KW by A JJrJ \ -naa ((/ ' Tobuouo , In wlifri the ' iiuilior whoWH Hint hlu opponuiit hm » Injured lil " own ouumt , L » y Iuh ilcwiro to provo too muuh- ' -u not uuooiunioii < 'ft »« j ! . i ] vol . iii . i > . no . j him . ' uImo tin . Actvr ' a liviwntatrunw . 1 OF 0 .
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? Uolla donna o vesto tnglhuicutu ttontprv s * uulmtto in qunlcho unolno . t Uollo Jlllo ot mC'cIiant robo ( rouvcut IoiiJoutm qul lew nceroclio . 1 ( i \\\ non zolat non nmut . 9 Amour oIiiihho JhIouhIu . ii Amor vupl i ' oth " , o 1 ' odu vuol l ' orinozzn . If Amor fill pt'i incrccdo woloMlft u rollii foiio , ?? > r « tffllo c nvor II miirlto uonzu nmoro chQOon \ guloH \ u . tt Amur y sivbor , no prtvUu ijor . ii Almop ot niivolr n'Out inOiuu manolr . [ I > or this iiihi word BOinu niodyru , oollooUyntj wulutltvity maittun ; wiiU'Ji niilicu uoubouul-. J
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No . 493 . Sept . 3 , 1859 . } THE LEADER . 1015
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 3, 1859, page 1015, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2310/page/19/
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