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dentlyignorant man , who was consigning all the universe to perdition with extreme energy . At every sentence the prostrate creatures groaned and grovelled in the earth , and shouted "Amen " and " Jesus " in constant repetition ; another batch of sinners ( this time taken from " those now looking on" ) were sent to hell in the most distinct manner , then came more groans and more ejaculations of " Amen , " as if it had been a prayer for a blessing on them . Two images , were continually repeated throughout this fanatic ' s address—he appeared to have no othersthe fire of hell In . every form , and the blood of Christ . On these he raved furiously till he was satisfied or exhausted , for he did stop at last . I could not see that he had produced more effect at the close of his address than at the beginning . The number of the " affected " had not increased , and those round him looked on with the same expression of mere
curiosity as if they were ¦ watching a chymical experiment . I could not anywhere observe any intermediate state between those who remain quite unmoved and those whom such preaching drives to the very verge of madness—often beyond it . Religious terror , thus fostered , seems to select a few victims , but leaves the great mass untouched . Of all that is said about an improved life , and " awakening , " in this greater number , I do not believe one word . They look on , and go out to see , just this display of misery , as they would go to see any other sight , and are accessories before the fact to what is almost worse than murder—the extinction of reason in their fellow man . In the probability of cases of " prostration" occurring consists , the interest of a " revival " meeting . I note in all the reports of them an expression or tone of disappointment if no one has been " struck down . "
Of the number present varying estimates are given , as usual . . The main body of the meeting was a pretty compact circular mass , fronting the platform . I walked round it several times , and every point of the extreme circumference "was quite within reach of the speakers' voices . The whole space the congregation covered did not exceed that of the area beneath the dome of Sfc . Paul's ; assuming that 6 , 000 can stand where 3 , 000 can sit , the former would be about the number of the central mass ; the five or six groups round the irregular preachers might include 3 , 000 more ; but there was a . constant passing from one to another during the day , and between the town arid the field . There could hot have been more than 10 , 000 present . It is a large number to gather , at a field preaching ; but for " all Ireland " it is not overwhelming . What became of the " deeply affected " I do not know , but the result appeared to rne very small in proportion to the machinery employed on
the occasion . The ground began to clear before four o ' clock , and at five the special trains were beginning to return '
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NOTABLE MEN RECENTLY DECEASED . Close upon the news of the disaster to the Great Eastern comes the intelligence of the death of her great originator , Isambamj Kingdom Bkunel , who expired at the close of the past week . This country is largely indebted to her many eminent civil engineers for her wealth and strength , and Mr . Brunei will take a high rank among them when the variety and magnitude of his works are considered , and the original genius he displayed in accomplishing them . He was , as it were , born an engineer , about the time his father had completed the block machinery at Portsmouth , then one of the most celebrated and remarkable works of the day , and which remains efficient nnd useful . Ho was very early
distinguished for his powers of mental calculation , and not less so for his rapidity and accuracy as a draughtsman . His power in this respect was not confined to professional or mechanical drawings only . Ho displayed an artist-like feeling for and a love of art , which in later days nover deserted him , and ho possessed great , original , and inventive power . He possessed also the advantage of being able to express or draw clearly and accurately whatever ho had matured in his own mind , but not only that ; lie could work out with his own hands , if he pleased , the models of his own designs , whether in wood or iron . As a mere workman ho would have excelled . He was sent lo school in France ,
and soon after hie x'eturn to England his father was occupied , among other things , with plane for the formation of a tunnel under the Thames . In 1825 this work was commenced , and Brunei took an activo part in the work under , his father , as ho roae in his profession . Docks at Sunderland and Bristol were constructed by him , and when it was proposed to throw a suspension bridge across the Avon at Clifton , hie design and plan was approved oy Mr . Tolford , then one of the most emfnont engineers of the day . This work' was no vor completed . « e thus beoamo known , however , in Bristol , and when a railway was In contemplation between London and Bristol , and a company formed , he was
appointed their engineer , and eventually became engineer of the Great Western Railway Company . Considering the Great Western Railway as an engineering work alone , it may challenge a comparison with , any other railway in the world for the general perfection of its details , and the . speed and ease of travelling upon it . In the South Devon and Cornish railways there are also works of great magnitude and importance . The sea wall of the South Devon Railway , and , above all , the bridge over the Tamar , called the Albert-bridge , deserve to be specially mentioned , together with the bridge over the Wye at Chepstow , as works , which do honour to the genius of the engineer and the country too . It was in connexion with the interests of the Great Western
Railway that he first conceived the idea of building a steamship to run between England and America . The Great Western was built accordingly . The power and tonnage of this vessel was about double that of the largest ship afloat at the time of her construction . Subsequently , as the public know , the Great Britain was designed and built under Mr . Brunei ' s superintendence . This ship , the result , as regards magnitude , of a few years' experience in iron shipbuilding ; was not only more than double the tonnage of the Great Western , and by far the largest ship in existence , but she was more than twice as large as the Great Northern , the largest iron ship which at that time had been attempted . While others hesitated about extending the use of iron in the
construction of ships , Mr . Brunei saw that it . was the only material in Svhich a very great increase of dimensions could safely be attempted . The very , accident which befel the Great Britain upon the rocks in Dundrum Bay showed conclusively the skill he had then attained in the adaptation of iron to the purposes of shipbuilding . The means taken under his immediate direction to protect the vessel from the injury of winds and waves attracted at the time much attention , and they proved successful , for the vessel was- again floated , and is still afloat . Thus prepared by experience and much personal devotion to the subject of steam navigation by means of large ships , he , in the latter part of 1851 and the
beginning of 1852 , began to work out the idea he had long entertained—that to make long voyages economically and speedily by steam required that the vessels should be large enough to carry the coal for the entire voyage outwards , and , unless the facilities for obtaining coal were very great at the outporl , then for the return voyage also *; and that vessels much larger than any then built could be navigated with great advantages from the mere effects of size . Hence originated the Great Eastern . The history of this great work is before the public , and its success in a nautical point of view is admitted , as well as the strength and stability of the construction of the vessel .
' On Wednesday , the 14 th , at Coblentz , Germany , died , in his 71 st year , the Right Hon . Sir James Stephen , K . C . B ., Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge , and formerly Undersecretary of State for the Colonies . The deceased was the son of Mr . James Stephen , Master of Chancery ( well known for his writings and exertions between 1815 and 1830 on the subject of colonial slavery ) , and was born about the year 1790 . lie was educated at Trinity Hall , Cambridge , where he graduated B . A . in 1812 . Having chosen the legal profession , ho was called to the bar at Lincoln ' s-inn . He had hardly begun practice as a Chancery barrister when , in 1812 or 1813 , he became connected officially with the public service as counsel of the
Colonial department . For eleven years ho was at once counsel for this department and a Chancery barrister in extensive practice . He then retired from the bar , and became at the same time counsel both to the Colonial department and the Board of Trade . Ho held these offices jointly for ten years ; after which , during the Whig Government which succeeded the Reform Bill , he left the Board of Trade , and became Assistant Under-Secretary for the Colonies . From the Assistant Under-Secrotaryship ho was subsequently promoted to the permanent Under-Seoretai'yship , spending fourteen years in the two offices together . He was thus connected with the civil service thirty-five years in all , during the whole of which time his relations were mainly with the
Colonial department . His impressions of the state pf our Government offices , ana of tho Coloniul-offleo in particular , derived from this long experience , were published , with other opinions on tho same subjoct , inaBluo-boalcin 1855 . when tho question of tho reorganisation of tho civil sorvico , by the adoption of tho systom of appointments by competitive examination , instead of by patronage , was first agitated . Tho opinion there expressed on tho condition of the public service , as regards the intellectual oapaclty and culture of tho majority of those comprising it , is by no moans favourable , but tho writer speaks of splendid exceptions . Of these exceptions the writor himself was certainly ono . While in the Colonial-office ho was ono of the ablest and most efficient public servants the State possessed , and his final retirement
from the Colonial Under-Secretaryship in 1847 was a great loss to the department . He then received the honour of knighthood . It was not only , however , as a public official that he had up to that time distinguished himself . A man of general thought and culture , he had all . along employed his leisure in studies ranging beyond the topics that interested him as an official ; and he had latterly contributed extensively to the Edinburgh Review on subjects relating to the history of the Church and the development of religious opinions . A collection of these articles , already widely known and appreciated in their seattered shape , was published in two volumes , in 1849 , under the title of " Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography . " In the same to succeed
year Sir James Step hen was appointed William Smyth , M . A ., as Reg ius Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge , which oflice he continued to hold up to the time of his decease . In 1 S 51 he published two volumes , entitled " Lectures on the History of France . " This work is now in a third edition , and there have been several editions of its predecessor . The two together have given the author a high and peculiar place in our graver contemporary literature . Among other slighter things which Sir James has published are one or two lectures delivered to popular institutions . One of Sir James ' s sons , who has followed the legal profession , is likewise known by various writings . His brotherSir George Stephen , is also known as
, the author of < : Adventures of a Gentleman in Search of a Horse , " " Adventures of an Attorney , " " The Juryman ' s Guide , " " The Clerk , " and « The Governess , " in C . Knight ' s series of " Guides to Trade ; of a novel entitled " The Jesuit at Cambridge , " and of a pamphlet on ¦ " The Niger Trade and the American Blockade , " as connected with the slave iferade , a subject in which he has always taken much interest . Dr . NiCHOL , Professor of Astronomy in the Glasgow ; University , died on Monday afternoon from congestion of the brain . His last public appearance was on the 27 th of May , in the City Hall , Glasgow , when he acted as chairman for M . Kpssuth . The professor was born in 1804 . His father was a bookseller in
Montrose , and Mr . Nichol ' s first venture in life was as schoolmaster of Dun , in the neighbourhood of that town , when he was only sixteen years of age . He afterwards studied for the Church , ' and was duly licensed n . s a preacher . Literature and science , however , soon diverted him into a course more suitable to his faculties . Having obtained a professorship fro : ii Lolvl M'jlijoiu-ne ' s ministry , he distinguished himself by his various popular works on astronomy , " The Architecture of the Heavens , " " The Solar System , ' " The Planetary System , " "The Planet Neptune , " &c . ; and by his lectures on the same class of subjects , he was the first to make the puplic familiar with what is called the " Nebular Hypothesis . "
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THE STRIKES . In the building trade , although the shops have been nominally opened , they are still virtually closed to all operatives who will not give their assent to the obnoxious " document" or " declaration . " It is stated , however , tlixit many of the employers have mtule concessions in reference to the document . In several of tho shops the men have been re-admitted without being asked to give their assent to it ; in some , it has been winked at ; while in others it has been simply made ' what is called a " shop rule / ' with a tacit assent to it on the part of tho men . The men who decline to accept work , under the trammels of the document are in excellent spirits ,
notwithstanding the severe privations to which they must have been subjected during tho continuance of the strike and lock-out . On Monday tho largest dividend yet declared was distributed amongst the men who struck and those who woro locked-out ; Irollopcs men receiving each , skillod ia « ., and unskilled 8 s ., while for tho locked-out tlioro was a sum oi 4 s . to every man , in addition to tho sums contributed from their respective B 0 ^ t \ n B ' The Executive Coihmittoo of tho Central Association
of Mastor Builders hud a private mooting on Tuesday , when it is said to luivo boon reported that upwards of 4 , 000 men had resumed work at various establishments under tho terms of the declaration . Tho firm which has obtained the greatest numbor ol hands is that of Messrs . W . Cubitt and Co ., Oray ' sinn-road , who have now secured tlie services of nearly 700 men . ' It is stated on the part of the masters that at tho shops of tho following , amongst other firms , largo numbers of men have gone to work under tho terms of tho document • — - Holland and Hannen . Kirk and Parry , Mansfield and Son , Patman and Co ., Piper and Son , Kolk , Macoy , Ashby and Homer . Brass . Ardlnir , Hattcrbury , W . Cubitt
and Co ., ( latu ) T . Cubitt , Bird , Clomonce , PriteharU and Co ., Myers , Jay . Moxon , G . Smith , Rigby , Lawrence , ! Willson , Williums , Carr and Downs , &o . There was a rumour on Wednesday that Mr . Jay , Mr . Myers , and Mr . Piper had agreed to withdraw
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Ko 496 . Sept . 24 , 1859 . 1 THE LEADER . 1073
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 24, 1859, page 1073, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2313/page/5/
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